Gradually Feng Zikai’s reading comprehension

The subtle elements that make life progress smoothly are nothing like "gradual"; the Creator's deceptive methods are nothing like "gradual". Unknowingly

the innocent child "gradually" turns into an ambitious young man; the generous and heroic young man "gradually" turns into

a cold-blooded adult; Exuberant adults "gradually" turn into stubborn old men. Because the change is gradual, year by year, month by month, day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, second by second, just like Walking down a long hill with an extremely gentle slope, one does not notice the traces of its descent and the realm of each stage, but seems to feel that it is always the same

Status remains unchanged, and there is always interest and value in life, so life is truly affirmed and progresses smoothly

. If the progress of life is not like a mountain but like the keyboard of an organ, suddenly moving from do to re, it will be like the child last night suddenly turning into a young man today; or like the "connection and departure" of the melody from Do suddenly jumps to mi, just like being a young man in the morning and becoming an old man in the evening. People must be surprised, sighing, sad, or painfully aware of the impermanence of life, and they will no longer be happy to be human. Therefore, we can know that life is maintained by

"gradual". This is probably especially necessary for women: in the opera, the flowery girl on the stage is the old woman next to the stove in the future. This sentence is unbelievable when people hear it, and the girl refuses to admit it. In fact, now All the old ladies are "gradually" transformed from flowery

girls.

The ability of people to withstand the deterioration of circumstances depends entirely on the help of this "gradual". Due to repeated bankruptcies, the rich men "gradually" squandered their family property and became poor; the poor had to work as servants, and servants often became slaves, and slaves easily became rogues and helpless people.

Lai and beggars are very different. Beggars might as well be thieves... There are many such examples in novels and in reality. Because

its decay is extended to ten or twenty years and is achieved step by step "gradually", so I don't feel any strong stimulation

. Therefore, even though he is suffering from hunger, cold, illness, torture, and whipping, he is still eager for the joy of life. If the son of a rich man suddenly turns into a beggar or a thief, this person will definitely be extremely angry.

This is really the mysterious principle of nature and the subtle work of the Creator! The latent shift of yin and yang, the order of the Spring and Autumn Dynasties, and the decline, prosperity, life and death of things all coincide with this law. The budding spring "gradually" turns into the green summer, and the withering autumn "gradually" turns into the dead winter. Although we have experienced decades of cold and heat, it is still difficult to imagine the mood of summer when we sit around the fire in a quilt on a winter night, drinking ice and waving a fan; and vice versa. However, from winter to summer day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, and second by second, from summer to summer day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, and day by day. It moves towards winter second by second, and there is really no obvious trace to be found.

The same goes for day and night: when you sit under the window and read a book in the evening, the pages of the book will "gradually" become dark. If you keep reading (your eyesight will gradually strengthen due to the fading of the light), you will almost always be able to recognize it. The handwriting on the page makes you realize that day has turned into night.

At dawn

I lean against the window and gaze at the east sky without blinking my eyes, nor can I discern the traces of the passage from night to day. As the children grow up, the parents who see each other day and night don't even notice, and the distant relatives who rarely see each other are no longer acquainted with each other. On New Year's Eve in previous years, we waited under the red candles

The blooming of daffodils was so crazy! If the daffodils really bloom in front of us, it will be the destruction of the principles of nature, the fundamental shaking of the universe, and the end of mankind in the world has come!

The function of "gradual" is to conceal the traces of the past of time and the changes of things by using a very slight and slow difference in each step

, making people mistakenly think that it is. Unchangeable. This is really a great trick of the Creator to deceive people! There is a metaphorical story: A certain farmer

picked up a calf and jumped over a ditch every morning, went to work in the field, and then picked up the calf and jumped over the ditch to go home at dusk. This happens every day without interruption.

It happens every day. After a year, the calf had grown bigger and heavier, almost turning into a big cow, but the farmer didn't notice it at all and still jumped into the ditch with it in his arms. One day

he stopped working because of something, and the next day he could no longer hold the cow and jumped into the ditch. This is the method used by creation to deceive people, making them linger in the joy of life every day and every moment without noticing its changes and hardships. People jumped into the ditch every day holding the bull which was getting heavier and heavier every day, and were not allowed to stop. I mistakenly think that it is unchanged, but in fact it is increasing in hard work every day!

I think the clock is the best symbol of life. At ordinary times, the hands of an hour clock always appear to be "stationary" at first glance; in fact, among all man-made objects, the hands of an hour clock move most frequently.

The same is true in daily life. I feel that I am me all the time. It seems that this "I" will never change, but in fact it is as impermanent as the needle of the clock! As long as I have a breath left, I always feel that I am still me. I have not changed. I am still lingering in my life. Unfortunately, I have been deceived by "gradualness"!

The essence of "gradual" is "time". I think time is more incredible than space, and the music of Juzhi’s time art is more mysterious than the paintings of space art. Because space does not matter how vast or infinite it is, we can always grasp one end of it and identify one point. Time is completely out of control and cannot be saved. There is only the past and the future chasing each other endlessly in the uncertainty.

That's all. It is already inconceivable in nature, and its weight seems to be too much in life. Because the average person's understanding of time seems to be only enough to control the short time of a boat ride; for a long life span of a hundred years, they are not qualified, and they are often obsessed with the local situation.

Cannot take into consideration the whole. Just look at the passengers on the train, there are often sensible people, some would rather sacrifice their temporary happiness and let them sit with the old and weak in order to gain peace of mind (or gain temporary good reputation); some see that Everyone rushed to get off the bus first, then retreated behind, or shouted "Don't get over it, there will always be someone who can get off!" "Everyone will get off!" However, in the "society" or "world" Among the long-term passengers of the "big train"

's "life", there are few such wise people. So I think the life span of a hundred years is too long.

Like people in the world today, if they can live as long as they take boats and cars, perhaps many dangers in human society can be reduced

Brutal fights, and with The same humility and peace in the train are also unknown.

However, there are also a few people in the human race who can live a hundred years or an eternity. That is "big personality" and "big life".

They can not be confused by "gradualness" or deceived by creation, but can shrink infinite time and space into a square heart. Therefore, Buddhism can accept

Xumiru as mustard seed. The ancient Chinese poet (Bai Juyi) said: "What's the point of fighting on the snail's horn? This body is reflected in the light of the stone fire." The British poet (Blake) also said: "The world is seen in a grain of sand, and the world is seen in a flower. Kingdom of Heaven; Infinity is held in the palm of one's hand, and in a moment it is eternal calamity."

Feng Zikai is good at using specific examples in daily life to illustrate abstract philosophy. 〉One article is the representative of his reasoning prose. Which of the following options is not the thought and connotation that Feng Zikai intended to express in his article "Gradual"?

(A) Transform "gradual" from the meaning of "gradually, gradually" into a philosophical concept, expressing that everything in the world is always changing. However, the changes in things are all "gradual", changing at an extremely slow speed as time goes by, making it difficult for people to detect traces of their changes. (B) He believes that the essence of "gradual" is "time", and that time is more incredible than space. It cannot be grasped and cannot be saved. It is only the past and the future that are constantly chasing each other. (C) said: "A lifespan of a hundred years is too long" because in the course of human life, there are more sufferings than joys. People often bear the weight of a thousand years of worries and melancholy with less than a hundred years of life. Therefore, people need to understand that life is like a dream, and as long as they can live in peace and order, they can reach a state of being incapable of sorrow and joy. (D) The meaning conveyed by the sentence "Man's ability to withstand the deterioration of circumstances depends entirely on the help of "gradual"" is the same as Cao Cao's "Singing to wine, what is life like? It's like morning dew, how bitter it is in the past." ” sigh. (E) The poem "The world can be seen in a grain of sand, and the kingdom of heaven can be seen in a wild flower. Infinity is held in your palm, and eternity is in a moment." It illustrates that people should see the big from the small, and see the short and limited personal life. life, achieving eternal and infinite life value.

Topic (1): What are the general characteristics of Feng Zikai’s prose?

Feng Zikai's prose is unique in the Chinese literary world. It is characterized by sincere thoughts and feelings, simple and natural writing and language, and just like Zikai as a person, there is nothing hypocritical or pretentious about it. Another characteristic of Zichan's prose is that the content is often full of philosophical meaning.

Reading his works is like listening to a heart-to-heart conversation under the lamp on a spring night, or watching the whispering water by the stream in summer/The author seems to be having a heart-to-heart conversation with the reader. His attitude is modest, his language is melodious, and the author's heartfelt thoughts and feelings permeate between the lines. This kind of writing style that expresses true feelings carefully and calmly is often called "essay" in form.

Yu Dafu once praised Zizi's prose as "quiet and mysterious" and "the spirituality is far beyond his brush".

Topic (2): The theme of "Gradual"

1) "Gradual" makes life progress smoothly and enables people to tolerate the decline of circumstances

The function of "gradual" is to conceal the traces of the past of time and the changes of things by using very slight and slow differences in each step, making people mistakenly think that they are unchangeable. It makes people always have the interest and value of life, so life is truly affirmed and proceeds smoothly. The author believes that this is a trick used by the Creator to deceive people. It is precisely in this way that people can endure the deterioration of their circumstances. Even when they are suffering from hunger, cold, illness, torture, and whipping, they are still eager for the joy of the current life.

2) "Gradual" is the mysterious principle of nature @ (the subtle work of the Creator)

The latent shift of yin and yang, the order of the Spring and Autumn Dynasties, and the decline and prosperity of species, All coincide with this law.

3) The essence of "gradual" is time

Time is completely unpredictable and cannot be saved @ (only the past and the future are chasing each other endlessly in the confusion). It is already inconceivable in nature, but also seems to have too much weight in life. Most people's understanding of time seems to be only enough to control the short time of taking a boat and a car; they are not competent for the long life span of a hundred years, and they are often obsessed with the local and unable to take into account the whole

4) Life is impermanent< /p>

Time passes slowly, and we always feel that "I" will never change, but in fact, it is as impermanent as the needle of the clock! As long as I have a breath left, I will still linger in my life. I am pitifully deceived by "gradualness"!

5) Be a wise person

The author believes that if you are not fascinated by "gradual" and not deceived by creation, you must be able to live a hundred years or an eternity. That is "big personality" and "big life". They can shrink infinite time and space into a small heart, which means they can grasp the meaning of every tiny moment. (As the British poet said: "You can see the world in a grain of sand, and the kingdom of heaven in a flower; you can hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and you will suffer eternal disaster in a moment.") Being an enlightened person can reduce many dangerous and cruel battles in society. But being able to be humble and peaceful.

Topic (3): How does Feng Zikai explain in the article "Gradual" that "gradual" makes life progress smoothly

The author's example: Unknowingly, innocent and innocent people The child "gradually" turns into an ambitious young man; the generous and heroic young man "gradually" turns into a cold *adult*; the energetic *adult* "gradually" turns into a stubborn old man. Because the change is gradual, year by year, month by month, day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, second by second, just like changing from a long distance with an extremely gentle slope. Walking down the hillside, people do not notice the traces of their descent, and do not see the realms of each stage. Instead, they seem to feel that they are always in the same position, unchanging, and have the interest and value of life all the time. Therefore, life is Indeed affirmative, and tactfully carried out.

Then, the author uses negative proof as an example: If the progress of life is not like a mountain but like the keyboard of an organ, suddenly moving from do to re, it is like the child last night suddenly becoming a young man today; or Like the "connection and departure progression" of the melody, the place suddenly jumps from do to mi, that is, just like being a young man in the morning and an old man in the evening, people must be surprised, sighing, sad, or painfully aware of the impermanence of life, and they are not happy to be human. Therefore, we can know that life is maintained by "gradual".

Topic (4): How did Feng Zikai explain in the article "Gradual" that "gradual" is the Creator's means of deceiving people

The author believes that the Creator uses each step to be extremely different. The method of slowing down is used to conceal the traces of the passage of time and the changes of things, making people mistakenly think that they are unchanging. This is really a great trick of the Creator to deceive people!

The author uses a story as an analogy: A certain farmer carried a calf over a ditch every morning, went to work in the field, and carried it back home again at dusk. This happens every day without interruption. After a year, the calf had grown bigger and heavier, almost turning into a big cow, but the farmer didn't notice it at all and still jumped into the ditch with it in his arms. One day he stopped working because of something, and the next day he couldn't hold the cow and jumped into the ditch.

This is the method used by creation to deceive people and make them linger on the joy of life every day without noticing its changes and hardships. People are jumping into ditches every day to hold the cow that is getting heavier every day, and they are not allowed to stop. I mistakenly think that it is unchanged, but in fact it is increasing in hard work every day!

Topic (5): a. How does Feng Zikai explain in his article "Gradual" that "gradual" enables people to tolerate the deterioration of circumstances

b. How does the article "Gradual" explain that "gradual" is the mysterious principle of nature and the subtle work of the Creator?

The author gives an example: Due to repeated bankruptcies, a wealthy playboy "gradually" squanders his family property and becomes poor; the poor have to work as hired workers, and hired workers often become slaves, and slaves easily become rogues. A scoundrel is very different from a beggar. A beggar might as well be a thief... Because its decay is extended to ten or twenty years and is achieved step by step "gradually", I don't feel any strong stimulation. Therefore, even though he is suffering from hunger, cold, illness, torture, and whipping, he is still eager for the joy of life. If a rich man's son suddenly turns into a beggar or a thief, this person will be extremely angry.

The author first uses theory to explain that the latent shift of yin and yang, the order of the Spring and Autumn Dynasties, and the decline and prosperity of things all coincide with this law.

Another example: the budding spring "gradually" turns into the green summer, and the withered autumn "gradually" turns into the dead winter. Although we have experienced decades of cold and heat, it is still difficult to imagine the mood of summer when we are huddled around the fire in a quilt on a winter night, drinking ice and fanning, and vice versa.

The author believes that this is due to the movement from winter to summer day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, and second by second, and from summer day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute. The ground moves towards winter second by second, with no obvious traces left.

The same goes for day and night:

The author gives an example: Sitting under the window in the evening reading a book, the pages of the book "gradually" become dark. You can always recognize the handwriting on the page without realizing that day has turned into night.

The author gives an example: leaning against the window at dawn, not blinking at the east sky, nor discerning the traces of the passage from night to day.

The author gives an example: As the children grow up, the parents who see each other day and night don’t even notice, and the distant relatives who rarely see each other no longer know each other.

The author gives an example to illustrate that the laws of nature cannot be broken: On New Year's Eve in previous years, we used to wait for the daffodils to bloom under the red candles. It was so crazy! If the daffodils really bloom in front of us, it will be the destruction of the principles of nature, the fundamental shaking of the universe, and the end of mankind in the world has come!

Topic (6): How does the author explain the nature of "gradual".

He believes that the essence of "gradual" is "time".

He feels that time is more incredible than space, and the music of Juzhi’s time art is more mysterious than the painting of space art. Because space does not matter how vast or infinite it is, we can always grasp one end of it and identify one point.

Time is completely beyond control and cannot be saved. There is only the past and the future chasing each other in the vague. It is already inconceivable in nature, and its weight seems to be too much in life. Because ordinary people's understanding of time seems to be only enough to control the short time of taking a boat and a car; they are not competent for the long life span of a hundred years, and they are often obsessed with the local part and fail to take into account the whole.

An example to illustrate that human beings can only control the short time of taking a boat and a bus: Among the passengers taking a train, there are often sensible people, and some would rather sacrifice their temporary comfort and let the elderly and weak sit next to them. Seeking peace of mind (or gaining a temporary good reputation); some see everyone rushing to get off the car first, and retreat behind, or shout "Don't rush, you will get off!" "Everyone will get off!"

However, among the long-term passengers of "life" who take the "society" or "world" train, there are few such wise people. So I think the life span of a hundred years is too long. Like people in the world today, if their life spans are determined during the period of taking boats and trains, there may be fewer dangerous and cruel fights in human society, and the same humility and peace as in trains are unknown.

However, there are also a few people in the human race who can live a hundred years or an eternity. That is "big personality" and "big life". They can not be confused by "gradualness" or deceived by creation, but can shrink infinite time and space into a square inch of their hearts. The British poet (Blake) also said: "You can see the world in a grain of sand, the kingdom of heaven in a flower; you can hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and you can see eternity in a moment."

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