There are the following optical phenomena: ① hand shadow, ② mirage, ③ reflection, ④ eclipse, ⑤ movie, ⑤ monkey fishing for the moon, ⑤ dressing in front of the mirror, and ⑧ photography.

(l)① Hand shadow, ④ The solar eclipse is formed by the linear propagation of light.

(2)③ Reflection, ⑥ Monkey fishing for the moon and ⑥ dressing in the mirror are all formed by the reflection of light.

(3)② Mirages, ⑤ movies, and ⑧ photography are all formed by the refraction of light.

So the answers are: ① hand shadow, ④ eclipse; Linear propagation of light; 3 reflections, 6 monkeys fishing for the moon; Reflection of light; 2 mirage, 5 movies; The refraction of light.