The titles of Duke, Marquis and Earl in ancient China.

1, nephew of Dou Taihou in Han Dynasty and general Wei Qihou of Dou Ying.

Dou Ying (? -BC 13 1), a minister of the Western Han Dynasty, named Wang Sun, was born in Guanjin, Qinghe (now Hengshui East, Hebei), and was the nephew of Dou Shi, the queen of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When Wu Chu rebelled in the Seven Kingdoms, he was appointed as a general by Emperor Jing, guarding Xingyang, supervising Qi and Zhao Bing. The seven kingdoms were broken, and the Marquis of Wei Qi was named Wang Wei and Hu.

At the beginning of Emperor Wudi, he served as Prime Minister. In the third year of Yuanguang, Guan Fu, a close friend of Dou Ying, was arrested and imprisoned by Tian Fan for making rude remarks at the banquet, and was sentenced to death. Dou Ying spared no effort to rescue Guan Fu, and argued with Tian Fen on this matter at the meeting. However, due to the pressure of the Queen Mother, Guan Fu was still sentenced as the clan leader.

In the name of "inconvenient but cheap", Dou Ying asked Emperor Wu to summon him again. However, Shangshu soon found that there was no copy of Dou Ying's testamentary edict in the palace, so he impeached Dou Ying for forging imperial edicts. At the beginning of Yuan Guang's fourth year, Dou Ying was executed.

2. Zhuge Wuliang, Prime Minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in Three Kingdoms.

Zhuge Liang (18 1 year -234 101October 8 [1]? ), whose name is Wolong, was born in (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor.

The representative works of Zhuge Liang's prose include A Model and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang is the representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture. He devoted himself to his life and died.

3. After the establishment of Wuchang County, Song Yuefei was made King of Hubei.

Yue Fei (a famous anti-gold general in Southern Song Dynasty)

Yue Fei (1124 March 2003-1 142127 October) was born in tangyin county, Song Xiangzhou (now tangyin county, Henan Province), a famous strategist, strategist, calligrapher, poet and anti-Jin scholar.

Yue Fei's representative work "Red Anger Rushing to the Crown" is a patriotic masterpiece that has been told for generations, and later generations have compiled another anthology.

4. Ming? General Xu Da Zhongshan Wang

Xu Da (1332- 1385), a native of haozhou Zhongli (now Fengyang, Anhui province), was the founding military commander of the Ming dynasty and one of the twenty-four generals in Huaixi.

Xu Da was born in a peasant family. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Xu Da joined the uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang. In the 23rd year of Zheng Zhi (1363), Chen Youliang was defeated. Zheng Zheng twenty-four years (1364), Zhu Yuanzhang thought left. Twenty-seven years (1367), he led the army to eliminate the local separatist forces in Zhang Shicheng. In the same year, General Ren and Lieutenant Chang Yuchun went to the Northern Expedition and overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty.

In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Dadu was invaded and the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed. Later, he sent troops to attack the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty year after year. The official is a teacher, the middle book is the right prime minister, and he joined the army as a state affairs, and the prince was named Wei Guogong. He was cautious, good at running the army, served the army all his life and made immortal contributions to the Ming Dynasty.

In the 18th year of Hongwu (1385), Xu Da passed away, and was the king of Zhongshan and Wuning in posthumous title. He was given the burial of the shadow of Zhongshan and the command of the tombstone. It also enjoys the ancestral temple and the portrait hero temple. He was the first hero of the founding of the Ming Dynasty and ranked first among the "Six Heavenly Kings".

5. Li Hongzhang's first-class Su Yibo in Qing Dynasty

Hong Zhang (1823 February15-19011.7), a famous official in the late Qing Dynasty, was one of the main leaders of the Westernization Movement, and was from Hefei, Anhui. People often call him "Li", so he is a folk custom. The real name, the word gradually becomes Fu or [fú], and the name is Shaoquan (Spring). In his later years, he claimed to be an instrument, so posthumous title was carefree.

Japanese Prime Minister Hirofumi Ito regarded him as "the only person in the Qing Empire who was able to compete with the world powers", German Navy Minister Conal called him "Oriental Bismarck", and Empress Dowager Cixi regarded him as "the man who recreated Huang Xuan" and was also called "the four famous ministers of ZTE" with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidong and Zuo. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the posts of teacher, jinyi, su, etc. His works are collected in The Complete Works of Li Wenzhong.

Extended data

Personality assessment

Li Hongzhang tried his best to safeguard the interests of China and make Westernization stronger, but he could not change the backward reality of China. He advocated signing unequal treaties, but the country was weak and had to accept humiliating demands. He and Zeng Guofan led the Westernization Movement, which was a sign of his progress.

He also has the deeds of defending China diplomatically. For example, after Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing, he went to negotiate alone, and finally calmed down the incident and did not cede territory; When the Sino-Japanese War was in an unfavorable situation, he took the initiative to reach a settlement at the least cost, which was all conducive to his defense of the country. ?

However, later generations also criticized Li Hongzhang's wrong decision.

If you pay too much attention to avoiding war and coastal defense, you are willing to sacrifice the whole of Xinjiang to give up Xinjiang's defense; 1885 The special terms of the Sino-Japanese Tianjin Conference signed when Japan was completely defeated gave Japan the right to send troops to North Korea. 1894- 1895 The command error with Japan in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1895 led to the total annihilation of warships in Ahava. After the victory of the Sino-French War, the unequal treaties were signed instead.

Although these unfavorable treaties and practices are restricted by various objective conditions, he still has to bear heavy responsibility for the illegal acts of these incidents. In addition, he killed too many people in the early campaign to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. This also involves the overall evaluation of Xiang Army and Huai Army. The Westernization Movement and his series of measures did not change the continuous decline of China, and his contribution was not significant. ?

reference data

Baidu Encyclopedia-Li Hongzhang