Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Chinese Courseware for Grade Five in Primary School: "Building a Railway to Lhasa"
Chinese Courseware for Grade Five in Primary School: "Building a Railway to Lhasa"
1. Understand and correctly read the new words such as "Yao" and "Rao" 14, and understand the meanings of words such as "forgetting to eat or sleep" and "a drop in the bucket" with the help of reference books or contexts.
2. According to the learning tips before the text, guide students to learn independently and understand the profound sentences in the text.
3. Read the text with emotion. Feel the builder's enthusiasm for railway construction and western development, experience the challenge limit, and create the first-class Qinghai-Tibet railway spirit and the builder's heroic spirit of overcoming difficulties and tenacious struggle.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
Understand the difficulties encountered in repairing the railway to Lhasa, feel the heroic spirit of bravely overcoming the difficulties, and understand the profound sentences in the text.
Preparation before class:
Collect and understand relevant information about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the western development.
Teaching time: one class hour.
Teaching adjustment of basic teaching procedures
1. Talk about songs, enjoy pictures and uncover topics.
1. Have you heard the song The Way? (Show the lyrics), what does "The Way" mean in the song? (Qinghai-Tibet Railway)
2. Uncover the topic and read the topic. How much do you know about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway through pre-class preparation?
3. Read the sentence: "A long' iron dragon' ... arrived in Lhasa, Syracuse." (with map)
Read the text for the first time and get the main idea.
1. This is a skimming text, and we can learn it with the help of learning tips. Read the text freely and think: What aspects of the text are introduced?
2. Communication (encounter difficulties and overcome them)
3. Read the text intensively and taste the language.
(1) Facing difficulties:
1. Read the text silently and think about the difficulties encountered by the road-building army.
2. Communication: Read the sentences in the text, and then briefly introduce them in your own words to see who can sum them up into one word. (The construction temperature is difficult to control, the weather is bad, and there is extreme lack of oxygen)
Wind-volcano tunnel is only a part of the whole railway. Why did the author choose it to write? It can be seen that it is very difficult to build a railway. Please choose one of the difficulties and read it with emotion. (Practice reading and communicate at random)
"There are often ... winds and hail in volcanic areas."
When have you ever seen such a scene? Combined understanding: tearing apart and flying over.
"Despite the preparation for lack of oxygen ... the life of the road-building army is seriously threatened."
Understand "a drop in the bucket" (literally understand the meaning in the article and imagine the serious threat brought by hypoxia)
Data introduction: The natural conditions in the wind and volcano areas are harsh. The average altitude here is about 4,900 meters, the annual average temperature is -7℃, the cold season * low temperature reaches -4 1℃, and the oxygen content in the air is only about 50% of that in the mainland, so it is called the "life forbidden zone".
According to the topic, why doesn't the author focus on the process of road construction, but spend so much ink on the difficulties encountered? (Learn to write: introduction and description)
(2) Overcoming difficulties:
1. What did the road-building army do in the face of difficulties? Find out the relevant sentences in the text and talk at the same table.
2. Collective communication: briefly talk about it in your own words. (Find the best temperature, fight bravely and build an oxygen station on the plateau)
3. Choose the part you want to read and read it to everyone. (Practice reading and communicate at random)
"The technicians stayed in the tunnel day and night ... * The fierce frozen soil during that time."
What did you realize? (grasp "day and night" and "repetition"), can you read your feelings?
Fighting the snow and cold is an unimaginable construction on the plateau of the forbidden area of life.
"the lights at headquarters are on all night ... and the arrogant ones are low again and again!"
Understand "forgetting to eat and sleep" and imagine how scientific and technical personnel work sleepless nights. What do you feel from it?
4. Writing guidance: If the difficulty just encountered is profile description, then the difficulty to be overcome now is (positive description).
(3) Supplementary information: the morning in the forbidden area of life
4. Dredge the writing style and sublimate the emotion
1. It is the builders' spirit of challenging the limits and being the first, which leads to repeated experiments, repeated research, repeated failures and repeated successes. Commandos and technicians shouted the same wish over and over again-"build a railway to Lhasa!" Repair the railway to Lhasa! " (Read aloud with emotion)
2. "Build the railway to Lhasa!" This sentence appears repeatedly in the text. Please find out how many times, read and think about why the author wrote this way.
3. Communication: (Throughout the whole article, it plays a connecting role, embodies the strong determination of the road-building army, and is even more proud of our wisdom and advanced technology. )
4. If you are a member of the road-building army and watch the Qinghai-Tibet Railway running through the whole line, what would you like to say at this moment?
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was officially opened to traffic on July 1 2006, which brought great changes to Tibet. However, in order to build this railway, more than 400,000 compatriots of all ethnic groups stayed away from relatives and friends and fought in this desolate and harsh plateau. How many young lives have been buried under the snow-capped mountains forever, and how many people have given their blood and youth. We can't forget the builders who shed blood and tears on this frozen soil. If you want to erect a monument for them at the altitude where the railway passes, what will you write on it?
(Vivid pen writing, communication)
Verb (abbreviation for verb) homework after class
Exchange information about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the Western Development.
Blackboard writing:
Build a railway to Lhasa
It is difficult to control the temperature.
Encounter difficulties and bad weather
Extreme hypoxia
overcome difficulties
Chapter II Teaching Objectives:
1. Know 14 new words and phrases in this lesson.
2. Read the full text to understand the basic situation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the difficulties in its construction.
3. Read the text with emotion and feel the enthusiasm of the builders for the development of the western region.
Teaching focus:
Read through the full text to understand the basic situation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the difficulties in its construction.
Teaching difficulties:
Read the text with emotion and feel the enthusiasm of the builders for the development of the western region.
Teaching preparation:
Information, pictures and courseware about Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
Teaching process:
First, introduce scenarios, introduce topics
In the past week, we walked into the western part of the motherland, visited the vast grassland, explored the mysterious Silk Road and watched the tall and straight poplars on the vast Gobi Desert. The scenery in the western part of the motherland has charming ethnic customs. Now, let's enjoy the beautiful Lhasa, a snowy holy city.
(The big screen shows the beautiful scenery of Lhasa. The teacher briefly introduces Lhasa: Lhasa is the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, a famous cultural city with a history of 1300 years, and a city with a high altitude in the world. )
Impression of Lhasa from the name.
Teacher: But for many years, people have had the impression that it is easy to go abroad, but difficult to enter Tibet. Lhasa, Tibet is remote and the traffic is blocked, which brings many difficulties to the circulation of materials and cultural exchanges. As early as 1958, under the care of Chairman Mao, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started, but nearly half a century later, this railway has not yet entered Tibet. In the 20th century, Lhasa was a provincial-level city without trains. Therefore, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is not only the expectation of people in Xizang, but also the aspiration of the people of the whole country. With the horn of western development blowing, it has become a reality to build a railway to Lhasa. (blackboard writing topic)
Exposing the topic and reading it-building Lhasa Railway.
Second, check the preview.
Show the key words of this lesson on the big screen. Say the correct pronunciation of the students and explain the key words.
Third, read the reading tips and define the reading requirements.
1, read the reading tips yourself, and see how many requirements there are to learn this article. Communication: There are three requirements for reading tips.
(1) Read the text silently and tell what kind of railway the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is.
⑵ What difficulties did the builders encounter in the process of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and how did they overcome them?
(3) Tell the students the information they have collected about the development of the western region.
2. Overall feeling: Which question do you think is important to read the full text? (second question) there is a recurring sentence in the article that emphasizes this point. This sentence is ── "Build a railway to Lhasa"!
Fourth, go straight to the point and explore for yourself.
Transition: "build a railway to Lhasa"! It is the wish oath of commandos and technicians, but repairing the railway to Lhasa is really not a simple matter! This is a railway that is difficult to build. (The teacher supplemented the information and looked at the schematic diagram of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on the screen: the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will cross the Kunlun Mountain at an altitude of 4,767 meters, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the roof of the world at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, with a total length of 1 142 kilometers and a frozen soil area of 550 kilometers. Explain the frozen soil area: the hard ice layer is covered all the year round, and some of them are more than 100 meters thick, which is a major problem in railway construction in plateau areas. Wind volcano is a difficult problem, but in the end, scientists and commandos overcame the difficulties, making it "a huge obstacle that lowered its proud head again and again."
1, (The screen shows that sentence: "This huge roadblock lowered its arrogant head again and again." How to understand this sentence?
(1) Why is the wind volcano a huge obstacle? (Because there are three difficulties here: frozen soil area, bad weather and extreme lack of oxygen) (blackboard writing)
(2) Why do you say that Feng Volcano lowered its arrogant head again and again?
(1) Because the scientific and technical personnel discovered the good temperature of concrete, the frozen soil area. (blackboard writing: * frozen soil)
Because the young commandos withstood the bad weather and continued their tenacious work. (blackboard writing: tenacious work)
(3) Due to the large-scale oxygen station built by scientific and technical personnel, the difficulty of extreme hypoxia has been overcome. (blackboard writing: oxygen station)
(3) What kind of builder do you think this is? Brave, strong, smart, not afraid of hardship, not afraid of fatigue ...
Yes, they are a group of brave, strong and smart young commandos. Which one of you wants to be such a commando? Let's ask this commando to read the paragraph 1 ~ 3 and read out your determination.
The commandos were determined to build a railway to Lhasa, but as soon as the tunnel was dug, the problem appeared.
2, the teacher read: blasting again and again, ... is simply impossible! "
(1) What does the prediction of western media show?
(2) They think it is impossible, so do you think it is possible?
(3) How did our young commandos make what foreigners thought impossible possible?
Interview after reading verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1, cooperation requirements
(1) Read and draw sentences about the difficulties encountered in building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and how to overcome them. Grasp the key words and realize the difficulty of the project and the courage and wisdom of the builders. )
(2) As a CCTV reporter, let's go into the construction site and interview the road builders' difficult course of conquering wind and volcano. Requirements: According to the questions in the interview outline, interview your deskmate as a youth commando.
2. Interview outline
(1) What difficulties did you encounter?
The first difficulty: the tunnel construction temperature is difficult to control.
"Because the temperature is too low, concrete can't set. They brought a heater to heat the tunnel, and the ice rock on the tunnel wall melted when heated, causing the tunnel wall to collapse and slide.
The second difficulty: bad weather
"There are often strong winds around the wind volcano ... In a blink of an eye, dark clouds are overwhelming and hail is coming." The third difficulty: extreme hypoxia.
"Despite the preparations for lack of oxygen, what happened during the construction was unexpected ... the life of the road-building army was seriously threatened."
(2) What effects or consequences have these difficulties caused you?
With the rapid decline of labor efficiency, the life of the road-building army is facing a serious threat.
(3) How did you overcome these difficulties?
◇ "Scientific and technical personnel observed day and night in the tunnel and found the law of ice rock temperature change. After repeated observation, analysis and experiments, they finally found the optimal temperature of concrete and the frozen soil that has been fierce for a while. "
◇ "The lights at the headquarters are on all night. Can you build a large oxygen station? ..... Wind volcano, this huge obstacle has lowered its proud head again and again! "
Just now, more than 20 young journalists interviewed more than 20 commandos and scientists. Now who will report the scene of the wind volcano to the national audience in front of the camera? (Hint: According to "frozen soil area", "bad weather" and "extreme hypoxia", it is divided into three events, and three live reports are made. Can be reported and interviewed)
Sixth, live coverage
1. How to break the "permafrost zone". (Combined with the pictures in the courseware)
(1) Find a student to make a live report, and others will supplement the evaluation.
(2) understand "running away".
(1) What is a duel? Show your strength to each other from the beginning. )
(2) What did the wind volcano give the young commandos?
(3) What harm will these duels bring to workers and projects? (Threatening the life safety of workers, the project was forced to stop)
(4) However, is it rare that all this has defeated our road-building army? Why?
(3) Yes, because these brave and strong young commandos have a firm belief in their hearts: "Build the railway to Lhasa!" (Read paragraph 7 together)
2. How to overcome "bad weather". (Combined with the pictures in the courseware)
(1) Find a student to make a live report, and others will supplement the evaluation.
(2) Imagine "falling apart", "missing" and "sweeping in".
(3) Introduction of the first five sentences in the eighth paragraph (the teacher reads the first half sentence, and the students follow the second half sentence to emphasize the prominent role)
Look at the pictures and imagine what the workers will be like in such bad weather.
(5) Yes, the house blew down, the roof overturned, my head was smashed, my face was bleeding, and it was cold! It hurts! However, as soon as the team members thought of people in Xizang's poor days and urgent expectations, they gritted their teeth and shouted in their hearts over and over again: "Repair the railway to Lhasa!" "(read twice)
3. How to solve extreme hypoxia? (Combined with the pictures in the courseware)
(1) Find a student to make a live report, and others will supplement the evaluation.
(2) What is "a drop in the bucket"? Why a drop in the bucket?
(3) Look at the picture and imagine what it is like for workers to work in the tunnel with oxygen bottles on their backs.
(4) Chest tightness, headache, vomiting, weakness of limbs ... life is seriously threatened. What a terrible difficulty! However, the construction army just let the huge obstacle of the wind volcano lower its proud head again and again. Why? What does their victory depend on?
(1) is the courage and perseverance of workers.
(2) It is the wisdom of scientific and technological personnel.
③ The concern of the CPC Central Committee.
④ It is the support of Tibetan people.
……
(5) Because "building a railway to Lhasa" is the strong determination of railway workers and the common aspiration of the people of the whole country. Students, with the wishes of the people of the whole country, let's shout out the determination of railway workers together. (Read 10 ~ 1 1 paragraph)
Seven, summary sublimation
1, a sentence after (the screen shows *): The "Iron Dragon" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway keeps moving forward, and Lhasa is in sight ...) What did you read from the ellipsis after *? On July 2006 1, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was put into operation. Lhasa officially bid farewell to the history of no railway, and opened many lines from Lhasa to Xining, Beijing, Chengdu, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and equipped with the most luxurious tourist trains in the world today. Now, it takes only 48 hours from Lhasa to Beijing by train. ) Video: The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs through the celebration site.
2. Students, in order to build this railway, more than 400,000 compatriots of all ethnic groups stayed away from relatives and friends and fought in this desolate and harsh plateau. How many young lives have been buried under the snow-capped mountains forever, and how many people have given their blood and youth. However, it is precisely because of their contributions that it is possible to completely rewrite the history that Tibet is closed to railways, and Tibet can truly become prosperous and strong.
What do you want to say to such a group of respectable and lovely railway workers?
Eight, homework
Comment on the text illustrations. On June, 2002, 65438+1October, 65438+1October, 9, 2002, the Huo Feng tunnel with a length of 1338 meters was successfully completed. Please observe carefully and try to write a comment for this photo.
Blackboard design:
Build a railway to Lhasa
Permafrost-* permafrost
Bad weather-tenacious work
Extreme hypoxia-organic oxygen station
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