What did people invent according to the wings of butterflies?

Insects are small, with huge species and numbers, accounting for more than 75% of the existing animals, all over the world. They have their own survival skills, and some skills are not as good as human beings. People use natural resources more and more widely, especially any achievement in bionics comes from some characteristics of biology.

Butterflies and Bionics

Colorful butterflies, such as the butterfly with double moon pattern and the butterfly with brown vein, especially the butterfly with fluorescent wings, have golden wings, green wings and purple wings. Scientists have brought great benefits to military defense by studying the color of butterflies. During World War II, the Germans surrounded Leningrad in an attempt to destroy its military targets and other defense facilities with bombers. According to the lack of understanding of camouflage at that time, the Soviet entomologist Schwarzenegger put forward the principle that the color of butterflies is not easy to be found in flowers, and covered military facilities with butterfly-like camouflage. Therefore, despite all the efforts of the Germans, the military base in Leningrad remained undisturbed, laying a solid foundation for winning the final victory. According to the same principle, people later produced camouflage uniforms, which greatly reduced the casualties in the battle.

The constant change of satellite position in space can cause sudden temperature change, sometimes the temperature difference can be as high as two or three hundred degrees, which seriously affects the normal work of many instruments. Inspired by the fact that the scales on the butterfly will automatically change their angles with the direction of sunlight to adjust their body temperature, scientists made the temperature control system of the satellite into a louver style with great differences in radiation and heat dissipation capacity between the front and back of the blade. A metal wire sensitive to temperature was installed at the rotation position of each window, and the opening and closing of the window could be adjusted with the temperature change, thus keeping the internal temperature of the satellite constant and solving a major problem in the aerospace industry.

Beetles and bionic

Beetle beetles can spray high-temperature liquid "shells" with foul smell when defending themselves, so as to confuse, stimulate and frighten the enemy. After dissecting it, scientists found that there were three chambers in the beetle, which were respectively stored with dihydric phenol solution, hydrogen peroxide and biological enzyme. Diphenol and hydrogen peroxide flow into the third chamber and mix with biological enzyme to produce chemical reaction, which instantly becomes venom at 1℃ and is quickly ejected. This principle has been applied to military technology at present. During World War II, the German Nazis made a new engine with great power and safe and reliable performance according to this mechanism, and installed it on the cruise missile, which made it fly faster, safer and more stable, and improved the hit rate. London, England suffered heavy losses when it was bombed. American military experts have developed advanced binary weapons inspired by the principle of beetle spraying. This weapon packs two or more chemicals that can produce poison into two separate containers. After the shell is launched, the diaphragm is broken, and the two poison intermediates mix and react within 8-1 seconds of the projectile's flight, and a deadly poison is generated at the moment of reaching the target to kill the enemy. They are easy to produce, store and transport, safe and not easy to fail. Fireflies can directly convert chemical energy into light energy, and the conversion efficiency is 1%, while the luminous efficiency of ordinary electric lamps is only 6%. The cold light source made by people imitating the luminous principle of fireflies can improve the luminous efficiency by more than ten times and save energy greatly. In addition, an air-to-ground speedometer based on the apparent motion response mechanism of beetles has been successfully applied to aviation.

Dragonflies and bionic

Dragonflies can generate local unstable airflow different from the surrounding atmosphere through wing vibration, and use the vortex generated by the airflow to make themselves rise. Dragonflies can soar under a small thrust, not only flying forward, but also flying backward and left and right, and its forward flying speed can reach 72km/ h. In addition, the flying behavior of dragonflies is simple, and only two pairs of wings keep flapping. Scientists have successfully developed a helicopter based on this structural foundation. When an airplane flies at high speed, it often causes violent vibration, and sometimes even breaks its wings, causing an airplane crash. Dragonflies rely on the aggravated wing nevus to fly safely at high speed, so people follow the example of dragonflies and add balance weights to the two wings of the plane to solve the thorny problem of vibration caused by high-speed flight.

in order to study the aerodynamics of gliding flight and collision and its flight efficiency, a four-leaf driven and remote level controlled mobile wing (wing) model was developed, and the flight parameters were tested in the wind tunnel for the first time.

The second model tries to install a wing that flies at a faster frequency, reaching the speed of 18 vibrations per second. What is distinctive is that this model adopts a device that can variably adjust the phase difference between the front and rear wings.

the center and long-term goal of the research is to study the performance of the aircraft driven by "wings" and compare it with the efficiency of the aircraft driven by the traditional spiral propeller.

The fly is different from the bionic

housefly because of its fast flying technology, which makes it difficult for humans to catch it. Even behind it, it is difficult to get close to it. It imagines every situation, is very careful and can move quickly. So, how did it do it?

entomologists found that the fly's hind wings degenerated into a pair of balance bars. When it flies, the balance bar vibrates mechanically at a certain frequency, which can adjust the movement direction of the wings and is a navigator to keep the balance of the fly. Based on this principle, scientists have developed a new generation of navigator-vibrating gyroscope, which greatly improves the flight performance of the aircraft, enables the aircraft to automatically stop the dangerous rollover flight, and automatically restore the balance when the body is strongly inclined, even when the aircraft is in the most complicated sharp turn. The compound eye of a fly contains 4 single eyes that can be imaged independently, and it can see almost 36 clearly. Objects within range. Inspired by the fly's eye, people made a fly's eye camera consisting of 1329 small lenses, which can take 1329 high-resolution photos at a time, and it is widely used in military affairs, medicine, aviation and aerospace. Flies have a particularly sensitive sense of smell and can quickly analyze dozens of smells and respond immediately. According to the structure of the olfactory organs of flies, scientists have transformed various chemical reactions into electric pulses, and made a very sensitive small gas analyzer, which has been widely used in spacecraft, submarines and mines to detect gas components, making the safety factor of scientific research and production more accurate and reliable.

Bees and bionic

Beehives are composed of small beehives with hexagonal prisms arranged neatly, and the bottom of each beehive is composed of three identical diamonds. These structures are exactly the same as those accurately calculated by modern mathematicians-the obtuse angle of the diamonds is 19 28', and the acute angle is 7 32'. They are the most material-saving structures, and they are large in capacity and extremely strong, which makes many experts admire them. People imitate its structure and use various materials to make honeycomb sandwich structural plates, which have high strength, light weight and are not easy to conduct sound and heat. They are ideal materials for building and manufacturing space shuttles, spaceships and artificial satellites. Polarizers sensitive to the direction of polarized light are adjacently arranged in each single eye of the compound eye of bees, which can be accurately positioned by the sun. Based on this principle, scientists have successfully developed a polarized light navigator, which has been widely used in navigation.

Other insects and bionic fleas have very high jumping ability, and aviation experts have done a lot of research on it. Inspired by its vertical take-off, a British aircraft manufacturing company has successfully manufactured a harrier aircraft that can take off and land almost vertically. According to the structural characteristics of insect's single compound eye, modern TV technology has created a large-screen color TV, which can also form a large screen from small color TV screens, and can frame some specific small pictures at any position on the same screen, which can not only broadcast the same picture, but also broadcast different pictures. According to the structural characteristics of insect compound eye, scientists have successfully developed a multi-aperture optical system device, which is easier to find the target and has been applied in some important weapon systems abroad. According to the principle of mutual inhibition between monocular eyes of some aquatic insects's compound eyes, a lateral inhibition electronic model is made, which can be used in various photographic systems. The photos taken can enhance the edge contrast and highlight the outline of the image, and can also be used to improve the display sensitivity of radar, and can also be used for the pretreatment of text and picture recognition systems. Based on the processing information of insect compound eye and the principle of directional navigation, the United States has developed an engineering model of terminal guidance seeker with great practical value. Japan has developed new construction methods of engineering machines and buildings such as hexapod robots by using insect morphology and characteristics.

Prospects for the future

Insects have gradually evolved with the changes of environment in the process of evolution for hundreds of millions of years, and they are all developing their own survival skills in different degrees. With the development of society, people have more and more knowledge of various life activities of insects, and are more and more aware of the importance of insects to human beings. Coupled with the application of information technology, especially the new generation of computer bioelectronics technology in entomology, a series of biotechnology projects, such as biosensors developed to detect the types and concentrations of substances by simulating the sensing ability of insects, and computers developed with reference to insect neural structures to imitate brain activities, will become a reality from scientists' ideas and enter various fields, and insects will make greater contributions to mankind.