Charm of Tang poetry

Tang poetry is a treasure of China culture. It has been passed down from generation to generation for thousands of years. It is not only sung by literati as literature and art, but also enriches the lives of ordinary people. It is still alive and full of vitality. The first poem that parents teach their children today is mostly Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night. Listening to the immature voice singing, "There is such bright light at the foot of my bed, can it have frost?" I couldn't help smiling and thinking of my childhood. Tang poetry, a large-scale literary activity, is also a reserved festival. Pu Cunxin's "Into the Wine" stirred people's hearts, and Bai Juyi's "Pipa Trip" was a fresh and beautiful pipa solo. Popular songs also borrowed a lot from the elements of Tang poetry. I like the pop songs written according to Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge very much. "The moon falls and crows don't change the wind and frost of the Millennium, and the sound of the waves is still the night of that year." Listening to music while drinking with friends, immersed in romantic artistic conception, the desert of Guanshan, the river of no return, the late autumn in LAM Raymond and the wild boat crossing are all enjoyment. When traveling to relax, whenever I see the beautiful scenery in front of me, I can't help but think of Tang poetry. When you climb high, you will think, "But you can broaden your horizons by climbing one flight of stairs." Watching the snow will sing "Like the strong wind in spring, which blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees". Looking at the waterfall is associated with "flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days." Tang poetry has written wonderful explanations for almost all the scenery. As Li's "Huangzygomatic Building" said, there is a scene in front of him and poetry on it. It has affected our creative mood.

Even people's emotions are often trapped in the emotional mortar of Tang poetry and often invade my subconscious. When you are proud, you will sing "Laugh to the sky". Are we Artemisia people? " . When you are lonely, you will think of Chen Ziang's "Before me, where were those lost times?" Behind me, where are the future generations? And I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, living alone. " During the Chinese New Year holiday, "I miss my relatives more during the festive season". When I miss my relatives in my hometown, I can't wait to "turn into 100 billion dollars and see my hometown".

When I was young, I liked Tang poetry to show my culture and taste. It is shameful for a scholar not to know a few Tang poems, because Tang poems are too popular and have too great influence. With the growth of experience, I have a new understanding of Tang poetry. I think Tang poetry is not only literature and art, but also a kind of culture, a life style of people in the Tang Dynasty, and a broad spirit that inspires the Chinese nation to live endlessly. What is the reason? Throughout the ages, experts and scholars have many monographs to discuss. In terms of interpretation, my reading feeling is that the charm of Tang poetry is multifaceted, mainly as follows: there are paintings in poetry.

The poetry of the scene, as shown in the picture.

Su Dongpo commented after reading Wang Wei's poems and paintings: "There are paintings in the poems, which are fascinating; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " Not surprisingly, the homology of poetry and painting is a major feature of China culture. Among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, not only Wang Wei, but also many poets can draw pictures, or have the ability of painters to observe life and cut materials. They write a lot of poems about natural scenery, which are beautiful and colorful landscapes, which make people taste and appreciate.

There are dozens of waterfalls in Lushan Mountain. Which one does Li Bai describe? Generally speaking, it is incense burner peak. I think it describes Xiufeng Waterfall which I have been to many times. The waterfall is located in Xing Zi County in the southern suburb of Lushan Mountain. It takes about half an hour to climb from the foot of the mountain. From a distance, a waterfall hangs on a cliff near the top of the mountain. Most of the time it is smoky and sunny. Most people only feel the magnificence of the waterfall, but Li Bai compares the waterfall to the Milky Way, which is so vivid and wonderful.

Tianmen Mountain is located in Hexian County, Anhui Province. When I was a child, I went to Tianmen Mountain for a spring outing with members. "Tianmen disconnect the Chu River, Higashi Shimizu flow. The green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, and the sails are alone. " Standing on Tianmen Mountain, the scenery in Li Bai's works is unobstructed. Two mountains and rivers, clear water flowing eastward, sailing alone, fresh and natural. There is no comment, but the joy in the poem and the beauty in the scene blend together, and the scenes blend with each other and are touching.

Wang Wei's "Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains" shows the tranquility of the mountains. "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream. Bamboo whispers that the laundry girl returns, and the lotus leaf bends in front of the fishing boat. " Colorful pictures, such as bright moon, pine trees, rocks, streams, bamboo forests and lotus flowers, put people in a distant place and can't help but sigh the vastness, harmony and eternity of nature's creators.

Du Mu's Mountain Walk describes the mountain scenery in autumn. "There are people in the depths of the white clouds, and the frost leaves are red in February." This kind of scenery can be seen almost everywhere in the mountains and forests of the south of the Yangtze River. However, once refined by the poet, the frost leaves turned red in February and became a famous sentence throughout the ages. Seeing red leaves in autumn has become a holiday for tourists, and Mao Dun has also been used as the theme of novels.

Poets in the Tang Dynasty were not only painters, but also brilliant photographers. For example, Liu Zongyuan's Winter Snow is more like a photo than a painting. "Hundreds of mountains have no birds, and one thousand people are missing. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " In the empty and silent ice and snow, a man wearing a bamboo hat is fishing. I have seen paintings drawn by Ming people based on poems. The picture of Leng Yan is detached and cold, but in the ice and snow, it gives people a kind of hope and a kind of sustenance.

Du Fu wrote quatrains III to describe the spring scenery in front of the thatched cottage in Chengdu. "Two orioles sing green willows, and a line of egrets is in the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " Like four pictures, the colors are yellow, green, white and blue. The lens is close in perspective, the orioles chirping among the willows are close-ups, the egrets flying to the blue sky are close in perspective, the snow scene of Xiling nested in the window is perspective, and the Wan Li boat moored in Wu Dong is somewhat imaginative and full of colors.

The objects described by poets in the Tang Dynasty are colorful worlds. The Guanshan desert, Gobi grassland, three mountains and five mountains, the Yangtze River and Yellow River, spring flowers and autumn moon, bridges and pavilions are all integrated into the poet's life experience and artistic creation, which is difficult for future generations to surpass.

There is love in poetry

Some people say that anger makes poets; Some people say that sorrow makes a poet; The truth is right, poets have feelings, and poets should have passion for life. Good poetry expresses sincere feelings and infects readers. Feelings in Tang poetry are like wine in a cellar.

In my opinion, there are big feelings and small feelings. The so-called big feelings are the feelings of worrying about the country and the people and the feelings of compassion for others. The so-called small feelings are the feelings of children, couples and friends. There are exquisite works in Tang poetry, big and small.

Du Fu is the most typical representative who cares about the country and the people. "You will never forget your monarch at every meal." "If you are poor, you will worry about Li Yuan, and if you sigh, your intestines will be hot." This is to express his desire to do his best for the country. And "Zhu JIU stinks the road and freezes the bones" is a condemnation and whipping of that cannibal society.

Li Shen's "Two Poems of Compassion for Peasants" expresses the accusation against the ruling class and deep sympathy for the peasant brothers, which is valuable in feudal society.

One: plant a millet in spring and harvest 10 thousand seeds in autumn. There is no waste of heaven and earth, and the toiling peasants are still starving to death.

Second: When weeding at noon, sweat drips down the soil. Who knows that every Chinese food is lucky and bitter.

There is also Bai Juyi's "Selling Charcoal Weng" in which "poor people wear light clothes and worry about charcoal, and they are willing to be cold." Today, how much pity and care we have for the elderly selling charcoal is also a rare humanistic concern. Today, leaders recover the wages owed by migrant workers, and the rich donate to the disadvantaged, but the Tang Dynasty has gone through more than a thousand years.

Poets in the Tang Dynasty are not the only ones who have this description. For example, Du Fu's Li Shihao, Li Bai's Ding Du Hugue, Bai Juyi's Shang Yang White Haired Man, Li He's Old Lady Picking Jade Songs, Nie Zhizhong's Yong Tian Jia, etc., expressed sympathy and pity for the disadvantaged groups such as farmers, trackers, beggars, miners and maids from different angles. It shows that the poets in the Tang Dynasty have a sense of humanistic equality, which also makes the Tang poetry permeated with a strong humanistic color.

Tang poetry is more about describing the feelings of children, couples and friends, which is more delicate and moving.

Li Shangyin's Short Message to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night is a masterpiece with rich and delicate feelings.

When you ask about the return date, it's hard to say, evening rain, Manqiuchi.

When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night.

It describes the poet's yearning for his wife during his journey. There are no missing words, no love words, and the feelings that are easy to talk about are on the paper.

"We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "Bai Juyi and Pipa Girl are strangers. One is an exiled official and the other is a wandering singer. Under certain circumstances, they feel the same. For thousands of years, this poem has comforted many lonely hearts in the world.

Young women in boudoir don't know how to worry, but they are dressed upstairs in spring.

Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng. (Wang Changling's in my heart forever)

This poem not only expresses young women's yearning for recruiting people, but also reflects their thinking on the value of life. Which is more valuable, fame or career and interest in family reunion?

Poets in the Tang Dynasty wrote many farewell poems, which can almost compile a picture book. In addition to sending some gifts, contemporary people wish their relatives and friends a safe journey. Now the farewell language of SMS has been formatted, and it is the same, with ridicule as the most important. The farewell poems of poets in Tang Dynasty are sincere in emotion and distinctive in personality.

Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow.

Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west. (Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er An Xi")

Outside yangguan, the desert is yellow and dusty, and it is bleak everywhere. The feeling of farewell is all in the cup. Please drink your friend's farewell wine. Have a safe trip. This farewell song was not only circulated at that time, but also sung by music and is still widely circulated today.

Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.

My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon. (Li Bai's Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou)

Li Bai and Meng Haoran are close friends. He stood by the river and waved goodbye to his friends until the sailboat disappeared on the horizon, still watching intently. There is not a blessing in the poem, but all the scenery, but we are deeply moved by the deep friendship after thousands of years.

There is history in poetry.

The Tang Dynasty Empire was the heyday of China's feudal society, and the rule of Zhenguan was remarkable. Civil and military integrity, developed economy, splendid culture and abundant talents. South Vietnam was the center of the world economy and culture at that time, and it expanded its territory. The glory of Tang poetry was the product of the political and economic development at that time, and the prosperity of Tang dynasty was fully manifested in Tang poetry.

Lu's The Ancient Meaning of Chang 'an left us a prosperous scene of ancient Chang 'an by describing the luxurious and enjoyable life of the rich and noble in Chang 'an. "Chang' an Avenue is narrow and oblique, with seven cars of green cattle and white horses. ""North Hall is like a moon every night, and South is committed to riding like a cloud. South Mobaitang is connected with Beili, and five plays and three articles control three cities. "The thoroughfares extending in all directions are connected with alleys as dense as cobwebs, and the streets are full of traffic and jewels. Chang 'an, as the world metropolis at that time, was very vividly displayed in front of us. "Liang Jia's painting building is high in the sky, and Han Di Jinling is straight outside the cloud." Compared with the huge mansions with continuous streets and lanes, the palace building with eaves and walls fully shows the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. The prosperity of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty can be compared with that of Shanghai today. This poem about metropolis also influenced later generations. In Song Dynasty, Liu Yong's Ode to the Tide in Hangzhou was inspired by Tang poetry.

The frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty show us the spectacular scenes and magical tragedies of the war at that time.

Cen Can climbed the Great Wall three times in his life and personally participated in the war against Xiongnu. His poems describe the desolation and tragic of the northwest frontier, "Look at the Xue Hai Benma River! And sand, from the desert, yellow flies to heaven. The night of the ninth month was cold in the wheel tower and valley, full of broken boulder pecking measures, downward, upside down, with the wind. " (Take a trip to the Western Expedition to surrender) Describe the spectacular and tragic battle scenes. "The general will raise the flag to the west, blow the horn at dawn and call an army. The drums are like thunder, and the three armies shout and play strings in the mountains. The flag of the road fortress is even a cloud beach, and it overflows the fields, where the grass roots bind the bones tightly. The wind in Jianhe River is sharp and wide, and the sand mouth does not take off its horseshoe. " It is impossible for people who have not been to the battlefield in person to show the war scene so realistically. And Gao Shi, Wang Wei and Wang Changling left many controversial poems, such as Wang Changling's "Join the Army" No.4:

There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan.

Yellow sand wears golden armor, does not break Loulan, and will never be returned.

Described the scenery around Yumenguan, showing the ambition of Han soldiers to fight for their country.

Du Fu, known as the sage of poetry, used a lot of poems to describe the social scene after the An Shi Rebellion. Three famous officials (Li Xinan, Li Shihao and Tong Guan Li) formed a picture of the social life of the Anshi Rebellion (newly married, leaving the old, leaving another family and being homeless) and "500 words from Beijing to Fengxian".

Bai Juyi's Selling Charcoal Weng not only exposes the plundering of the people by the ruling class, but also vividly depicts the scene of market transactions in the Tang Dynasty.

"A car full of charcoal, more than 1,000 Jin, and half a horse red yarn, which is worth charging the cow's head with charcoal." Xinfeng Folding Arm Weng describes the life of a veteran. The old man is glad that he hurt an arm in the war. "I am also glad that I am alone now, otherwise I would have lost my soul." Reading it will make you cry.

The Tang poetry also vividly describes Gong Sundaniang's sword dancing, pipa playing the piano, painter splashing ink, ladies-in-waiting dancing with long sleeves and so on. It's hard to express music in words. "Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets. Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. "Appropriate metaphor, syllable jumping, has become an eternal quatrain to describe music.

Tang poetry describes almost all military events, and the objects of description are emperors, generals, talented people and beautiful women, farmers, pawns and street tyrants, leaving a colorful social picture. Tang poetry is a history of poetry in the Tang Dynasty.

Poetry has a soul.

What is poetry? Poetry is the confession of the soul and the dream of the soul. Mr. Ma Yifu said that poetry is actually a person's life, "like an epiphany, like waking up from a dream, like a servant, like a sick leave." Poets often say that the characteristics of Tang poetry are broad and magnificent, but there is a more prominent feature of Tang poetry, that is, freedom and openness. The poet shows his life state heartily, whether it is brilliant or depressed, entering an official position or retiring. Reading Tang poems, we often see fresh souls and unique lives. Although time and space are separated by Wan Li, their joys and sorrows are still with me.

It is also a manifestation of life's unsatisfactory mentality. Li Bai's exclamation is "Since God has given talents, let them find jobs!"! . "("Into the Wine ")" Enjoy a glass of wine while you are alive! Don't care if your reputation will be passed down! "("it is hard to go ")" Zhu Yu buys songs and laughs and cherishes talents. " (Antique) Express one's mind directly, showing the spirit of resisting powerful people, ignoring princes and being indomitable.

Du Fu used scenery to express his feelings. "I came from three thousand miles away. With the sadness of autumn, with my sorrow of a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. The disaster is frosty, the new pavilion is muddy. " ("Up the Mountain"), more bitterness and indignation. Different confessions are very suitable for Du Li's character and poetic style. One is a romantic master and the other is a realist fighter. And Chen Ziang's "Before me, where was the past era? Behind me, where are the future generations? . I miss heaven and earth, boundless, boundless, and sad alone. " Cold and loneliness, time and space are mixed, which is integrated with Chen Ziang's military experience and frontier scenery. Poetry is like a person.

Li Bai sang about the great river, calling it "the water of the Yellow River, which goes out of heaven and into the sea and never returns." Bold and informal, it obviously inherited the characteristics of ancient Yuefu. There is also Du Fu's "Leaves fall like waterfalls, and I think the long river always rolls forward." The neat antithesis fully embodies Du Fu's style of mastering five or seven-character poems.

Mocking the luxury and enjoyment of the ruling class, Bai Juyi often uses simple line drawing and poetic style. "I am warm, I am grateful to you." ("Heavy Fu") "Shang Yang people suffered the most. Less is bitter, always bitter, less is bitter, always bitter. Didn't you see Lv Xiang's Beauty Fu? Didn't you see the white-haired songs of the people in Shangyang Palace today? " Bai Juyi is a representative figure of the new Yuefu movement, and his poetic style is simple and unpretentious, which is intended to be an essay. And his proposition is "only songs make people sick, I hope the emperor knows."

Du Mu's poetic style is subtle and gorgeous, satirizing Tang Xuanzong's "Crossing Huaqing Palace". "Chang 'an looks back and embroiders in piles, and the top of the mountain opens a thousand times. Riding the world of mortals and laughing, no one knew it was litchi. "There is also a satire in Jiangnan Spring that the ruling class advocates Buddhism and wastes people's money." Thousands of miles of Ti Ying are green and red, and the water town is full of wine flags. Four hundred and eighty halls in southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy. "These two poems, without any criticism, seem to write landscapes, but readers will feel the author's criticism and ridicule from them. Du Mu lived in the late Tang Dynasty. The political atmosphere may not be so open then. His criticism of the ruling order is subtle, dull and cunning, but it is inseparable from his character and cultivation. This kind of fable poem has more flavor.

In an article, I read the poem "I can't see the sun, but I don't know the spring", which surpassed my birth. At first I thought it was a poem by Wang Wei, because Wang Wei believed in Buddhism in his later years. When I looked up the dictionary of Tang poetry, I realized that it was a poem by the monk Hanshan. I thought only monks would have such a Zen attitude. They don't care about sunrise, sunset and spring. If they are not monks, how can they write such poems?

In Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain, Li Bai also wrote the loneliness and loneliness in the face of nature. "Birds fly high, and lonely clouds go alone. Seeing each other tirelessly, I only respect Tingshan. " Although detached, it still reveals the interest of life. Li Bai is full of interest in life. Look at his "Until, raise my cup, I ask the bright moon, bring me my shadow, let the three of us." The vivid image of an old urchin is Li Bai, which others can't write.

Both Li He and Li Shangyin like to use myths and historical allusions, while Li He pursues strange atmosphere and bright colors, such as "autumn grave ghosts sing Jiabao poems and hate blood for thousands of years." "Dark clouds press the city, and armor is scattered to the sun." There is also Li Shangyin's "I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, each with a youthful interval. Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies, crowed by cuckoos in spring. " His poems are bleak, euphemistic and sad, with difficult images and appropriate allusions. Although he studies Li He, he is not the same as Li He.

The same theme in Tang poetry was written by different poets, because all poets are "that one".

Only by reading personality, reading characteristics and entering the poet's heart can we truly feel the charm and excitement of Tang poetry.