How to draw a world map

Question 1: How to draw a world map

Question 2: How to draw a world map 1 Anaximander (Anaxiruander) Ancient Greek philosopher, 610 BC ~ BC 546, the man who drew the world’s first global map.

He was a student of Thales, the founder of ancient Greek science. Like his teacher, he introduced ancient Eastern science to Greece. For example, he was the first Greek to use a sundial, which had been known to the Chinese in the East, the Babylonians in Central Asia, and the Egyptians for hundreds of years. Although maps (local area maps) had already appeared during the Western Zhou Dynasty in China, Anaximander was the first person to draw a global map based on his own understanding of the earth. His most important contribution to science was in astronomy, where he realized that the heavenly bodies orbited the North Star, so he painted the sky as a complete sphere rather than just a hemisphere arching above the earth. From this, the concept of a sphere first entered the field of astronomy, which eventually led to Ptolemy's complex (but erroneous) picture of the universe. So some people think that he is the founder of astronomy. He also realized that the earth's surface must be curved because the position of the planet changes as you travel. He believed that the south-north curvature was obvious enough, so he drew the earth as a cylinder with the east-west axis as its axis, and its height was one-third of its radius. As for the concept of the earth as a ball, it was proposed by Pythagoras and his students decades later. Only one proposition survives from Anaximander's writings. Therefore, later reports by some authors became the main records of his discoveries. That proposition compares the rise and fall of special substances like water or fire to the retribution of good and evil in human society. For example, neither cold nor hot always outperforms the other, but each side "pays compensation" in order to maintain a balance between them. He believed that the world was formed from an imperceptible substance called "infinity". This imperceptible stage of matter precedes its separation into opposing qualities such as heat and cold, dryness and moisture, and thus embodies the original unity of all phenomena. Anaximander's statement is obviously just a guess and imagination, but it is the earliest simple materialist cosmology that attempts to use matter itself to explain the origin and condition of the universe. This primitive theory of evolution is opposed to traditional religion.

2 "Yugong Territory Map" by Pei Xiu of the Western Jin Dynasty

Pei Xiu's scientific method of compiling maps is what he explained in the eighteen prefaces to "Yugong Territory Map"

"Six Elements of Cartography". These are the six principles he creatively proposed for compiling maps. The so-called "six bodies",

The first is "dividing ratio", which is the scale; the second is "quasi-wang", which is the direction; the third is "daoli", which is the reality of the road

The international route and its distance; the fourth is "high and low", that is, the ups and downs of the terrain; the fifth is "square evil", square refers to the road

It is like the hook of the moment, and evil refers to the road like the string of a bow. The distance is different from the near; the sixth is "circuit", which means that the road is tortuous, and the straight means that the road is straight, but the distance is different. In Pei Xiu's "Six Elements of Cartography", the first three are the main principles of drawing, and the last three are issues that the cartographer should consider due to the ups and downs of the terrain. These six principles, complementary to each other, laid a scientific foundation for the preparation of maps and had a huge impact on the development of cartography in later generations. From

Pei Xiu until the late Ming Dynasty, the method of drawing Chinese maps basically followed Pei Xiu's "six bodies".

This is the main issue studied in today's cartography. In addition to longitude and latitude lines and projection, all have been mentioned in "Six Cartography

Body".

Another great contribution of Pei Xiu in cartography was the reduction of "The Great Map of the World" into "The Map of the Abbot".

He felt that the original "Tianxia Tu" made of eighty pieces of silk was too inconvenient to use, so he divided it into ten li and one inch into a hundred li. According to the proportion, the "Big Picture of the World" was compiled into a "Picture of the Abbot". This "Abbott Map" records geographical elements such as mountains, cities, and villages in great detail, and is very convenient to carry and read.

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The society in the Western Jin Dynasty where Pei Xiu lived for the rest of his life was full of obscene customs. Scholars learn from Lao and Zhuang, but talk about nothingness.

To be a human being is to act like an animal, to be knowledgeable, to be an official is to be successful, to be successful, to be an official is to sign your name as usual. Pei Xiu

In such an environment, he has a strong sense of professionalism and a spirit of hard work in science, and finally made outstanding achievements in map

science. It is very rare and commendable. of.

Pei Xiu died in the seventh year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (......>>

Question 3: How to draw a world map? Find a textbook or atlas with a clearer outline. world map, drawing.

While tracing, remember which country's outline, which river's flow, which ocean, etc. are being drawn.

Question 4: How to draw a world map more simply and mark the outline of each continent using a ruler? Measure their size compared to each other. Very simple

Question 5: How to draw a world map

Question 6: How to draw a world map can be roughly divided into two categories: aerial photogrammetry and ground digital mapping. . The latter can be subdivided into traditional simulation method mapping, total station sketch mode, mirror station remote mapping mode (total station plus handheld computer to create a map at once), and GPS mapping mode.

The earth is a sphere, and the distance between each longitude becomes shorter toward higher latitudes, that is, the shorter each latitudinal line is. If it is drawn into a map, especially a rectangular one like Google Maps, the high latitude areas must be expanded proportionally. You see, the 90° latitude line is the same length as the equator. This is inconsistent with the actual situation. The 90° latitude line is actually just a pole with a length of zero, and the circumference of the equator is 40,000 kilometers. He extended the pole into a line as long as the equator. line, thus causing the area of ??high latitudes to expand. This is also the case with general elliptical maps, but the poles extend relatively shorter, so the proportions are not very imbalanced.

Isometric expansion of the globe: Stretch the top and bottom accordingly to get the plan view you see.

Question 7: How to quickly draw the outline of the world map. Unless you want to draw the polygon substitution method drawn by the geography teacher, how can you quickly draw such a complicated outline? .