What are the branches of Surveying and Mapping?

The main research object of surveying and mapping is the earth and its surface morphology. In the process of development, geodesy, general surveying, photogrammetry, engineering surveying, marine surveying and mapping and cartography have been formed.

geodesy

Theories and methods to study and determine the shape and size of the earth, the gravity field of the earth and the geometric position of ground points.

The theoretical basis of a branch of geodesy, the basic task is to establish ground control network and gravity network, accurately determine the three-dimensional position of control points, provide control basis for topographic maps, provide basis for various engineering construction, and provide information for studying the shape, size, gravity field and its changes of the earth, crustal deformation and earthquake prediction.

Ordinary measurement

The theory and method of local area control survey and topographic mapping of the earth's surface are studied. Local area means that when surveying and mapping in this area, the curvature of the earth can be ignored and treated as a plane without affecting the accuracy of surveying and mapping.

Photogrammetry

This paper studies the theory and method of using camera or other sensors to collect the image information of the measured object, and after processing and analysis, determine the shape, size and position of the measured object and judge its properties. According to the distance, it can be divided into: aerial photogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry, ground photogrammetry, close-range photogrammetry and microscopic photogrammetry; According to different technical processing methods, it can be divided into analog photogrammetry, analytical photogrammetry and digital photogrammetry.

engineering survey

Study the measurement theory, technology and method in the design, construction and management stages of engineering construction. Provide accurate survey data and large-scale maps for the project construction, and ensure that the project site selection is reasonable, the construction is carried out according to the design and effectively managed. Deformation observation and settlement monitoring are carried out in the operation stage of the project.