How to write a film review

Film criticism, referred to as film criticism, is to analyze and criticize the director, actors, lens language, shooting technology, plot, clues, environment, color and light of a film, also known as film criticism.

Purpose of comments

The purpose of film criticism is to analyze, identify and evaluate the aesthetic value, cognitive value, social significance and lens language contained in the picture, so as to achieve the purpose of filming and explain the truth embodied in the film, which can not only help directors broaden their horizons and improve their creative level by analyzing the success or failure of the film, but also promote the prosperity and development of film art; Through analysis and evaluation, it can also affect the audience's understanding and appreciation of the film, improve the audience's appreciation level, and indirectly promote the development of film art. Comment content

Jingbie application

Close-up: A partial shot of the portrait and the main face. It can make the performance object stand out from the surrounding environment, and produce clear visual image and emphasized effect. Close-ups can show the subtle emotional changes of the characters, reveal the instantaneous movements of the characters, and make the audience strongly infected visually and psychologically.

Close-up: Shooting movie pictures above the chest of the characters. It can make the audience see clearly the facial expressions of the characters, or some kind of body movements, which is conducive to the detailed description of the characters' looks, demeanor, clothes, instruments and so on.

Mid shot: Take movie photos above the knee of the character. It is beneficial to show the body movements of characters, to explain the relationship between people, to deepen the sense of depth of the picture, to show a certain environment and atmosphere, to describe the process of a conflict in an orderly way through the combination of lenses, and is often used to describe the plot.

Panorama: a movie screen that captures the whole body or the whole scene of a character. It can fully show the whole movements of the characters and their relationship. In the panorama, people and the environment are often integrated, which can create a vivid picture of people and scenery.

Foresight: refers to a scene that represents a vast space or an open scene, and it is the one with the longest sight distance and the largest range of performance space among all scenes. In TV programs, it is often used to express geographical environment, natural features and open scenes and scenery.

Panorama: usually shot from a high angle, used as a fixed field of view lens or as a hint of a wide and open space.

Audio-visual application

Sound: including human voice, background music and sound.

Voice: explain, publicize the plot, and publicize the characters.

Background music: setting off the atmosphere, rendering the atmosphere, deepening the theme, and being good at lyric.

Sound: increase the sense of reality, set off the surrounding atmosphere and express your feelings.

Picture: including characters, scenery and props.

Man: the center of vision and the carrier of thought.

Scenery: express feelings, promote plot development and deepen the theme.

Props: Depicting characters, connecting story lines and expressing feelings.

Combination of sound and picture: including sound and picture correspondence, sound and picture separation and sound and picture comparison.

Sound-painting correspondence: without pictures, there is no sound.

Separation of sound and picture: sound and picture are narrated separately, and there is no obvious conflict between them.

Contrast between sound and painting: Sound and painting form a strong contrast in meaning and emotion.

Color: shaping characters, creating environment and atmosphere, and forming creative ideas.

Tone: divided into cool tone and warm tone.

Cool color: The color on the blue-green side of the color ring is called cool color, which can give people a feeling of cold, quiet, backward and far away.

Warm colors: The colors of red and orange in the color ring are called warm colors, which can give people a warm, exciting, enterprising and harmonious feeling.

Light: modeling function, ideographic function, external painting of characters.

Lens application

Long shot: A shot of a long film, usually over 30 seconds. The long lens can keep the overall effect and the complete unity of the plot time and space; It can faithfully and completely reproduce the real image and increase the credibility, persuasiveness and appeal of the film; It can also render the atmosphere and express the psychological activities of the characters.

Empty shot: also known as "scene shot". A scene in which no characters (mainly those related to the plot) describe natural scenery or scenes. It is often used to introduce the environmental background, explain the time and space, express the feelings of characters, promote the development of stories and express the author's attitude. It has the functions of explanation, suggestion, symbol and metaphor. In the film, it can produce artistic effects such as lyricism, scene blending, artistic conception rendering, atmosphere contrast and association. , but also has a unique role in the time-space transformation of the picture and the adjustment of the film rhythm.

montage

Montage was originally an architectural term, meaning composition and assembly. Now it is a professional term for film and television, and it is editing skill, which generally includes two aspects: picture editing and picture synthesis. The application of montage can enrich the expressive force of film art, make the content of performance clear and achieve a high degree of generalization and concentration; It can also standardize and guide the emotions and psychology of the audience and inspire the audience to think; It can also realize the reconstruction of time and space and form a unique method of film and television criticism.

General introduction

The comments of film reviews can be made from the director's unique ideas, audio pictures, profound truth, the significance of the times of the film, film music, film content, film lighting, film shooting skills, roles in the film and so on. In the process of commenting, the author puts forward his own views in combination with the specific content of the film and the highlights of the film in terms of conception, structure, technology and tasks, so as to further demonstrate.

general idea

Write a good film review and sum up "new" and "strange" in two words.

step

subject

Headlines are the first highlight of any writing, and film reviews are no exception. The key to a good film review topic is whether it can be used to convey the information that the author wants to express in the film review. When writing a film review after watching a movie, we should first find a good starting point. Of course, this starting point should start from the topic. The topic of film criticism pays attention to innovation and novelty, which plays a role in letting others see the topic as soon as they see it. In addition, the shorter the film review topic, the better, and 6-7 words are appropriate.

begin

Teachers who read college entrance examination Chinese compositions have a habit of marking papers, that is, the title-the beginning-(the middle)-the end. If a candidate writes well in the middle part, but poorly at the beginning, the marking teacher will at most look at the content in the middle of the candidate, and some even don't look at it. So the beginning is undoubtedly a very important part.

At the beginning of the film review, you can directly introduce the highlights of the film you want to write, or directly write the climax of the film, thus arousing readers' interest; You can also insert a famous movie quotation, such as Bazin and Eisenstein. This will add icing on the cake to your film reviews.

middle

This part is the core content of film criticism. In fact, writing film reviews is writing argumentative essays. Therefore, when writing a film review, you should pay attention to more analysis and less narration, put forward arguments around what you want to express, and deduce them layer by layer, but be careful not to stray from the topic, that is to say, everything you analyze in the film review should focus on your center.

final result

After we finish the main content of the film review, we can't end there, but we should have a resounding ending. At the end, we should summarize the main contents of the film review before expressing our feelings and understanding of the whole film; You can also quote famous sayings to express your wishes and let the film reviews have a good ending.

exist problem

Off-topic, telling stories, covering everything, having no opinion, writing "tofu block", putting the cart before the horse, common sense questions, no details.

Current situation of film criticism

In China, film reviews usually consider the following aspects: ① whether the tendentiousness and authenticity of the film are unified; (2) How personalized and typical the characters are; (3) whether the film embodies the era of innovative spirit from content to form; ④ Whether the film has distinctive national style and creative personality; ⑤ What are the valuable explorations in the application of film concept and film language? ⑥ The appreciation of movies and their social effects.

Film performance technology

Film is a comprehensive art created collectively, and all creative members are creators of screen modeling. Relatively speaking, each department can only play a role in a certain aspect of screen modeling, and a complete screen modeling can be formed through the organic combination of the creations of various departments. In the final analysis, this kind of group creation is based on the director's overall thinking, so the director is mainly responsible for the quality of picture modeling. The main achievement of film director's work is also reflected in screen modeling.

Rhythm is one of the most important aspects of film art, and film rhythm is the comprehensive composition of all elements in film art, which is the physiological and psychological effect of the audience. The rhythm in movies is not only reflected in the process of time, but also in the movement form of space and the synthesis of time and space. Film rhythm is not only the expression of artistic skills, but also the result of grasping the film as a whole and comprehensively using film means according to the needs of plot and characterization. It is the dialectical unity of the local composition and the whole composition of rhythm. The rhythm of the film generally exists in the script, the director's overall idea and the lens book, and permeates the artistic creation such as performance, modeling, sound, photography, art design and editing, forming the rhythm of the plot and modeling. As the chief designer and director of the film, the director plays a decisive role in the embodiment of the rhythm and style of the film.

Rhythm is basically the expression of artistic emotion. The physical form of rhythm is movement, and its psychological root is that the artist conveys a certain intensity of emotional pulsation in his works through special means of expression in the film, which leads to emotional shock or ringing of the audience. People often regard speed as the only expression of rhythm, and measure rhythm with speed, but speed is not equal to rhythm. Speed rhythm is just a kind of rhythm. The measurement of rhythm is not only the length of the lens, but also the regular movement changes of artistic modeling factors such as sound, line, color and shape (high, low, strong, weak, nervous, relaxed, relaxed, etc. ), and the physiological feelings they cause the audience. Rhythm is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, and the unity of psychology and physiology. The infinite richness of film expression connotation, the infinite possibility of film expression means and the complexity of audience's acceptance psychology determine the infinite diversity of film rhythm form and rhythm change.

The internal rhythm is due to the internal contradictions and conflicts in the development of the plot, the emotional fluctuations of the characters and other content elements. In movies, an important aspect of internal rhythm is the internal tension of actors' performances and roles, which is closely combined with scene scheduling and montage skills.

External rhythm is the rhythm produced by the actions of all subjects on the screen, the combination of shots of various lengths and the transformation of shots, as well as the transformation of speed, light and shadow, color and various screen forms. The external rhythm performance is sometimes consistent with the internal rhythm, sometimes inconsistent, or even completely opposite. Obey the artistic conception of unity.

In order to find out the juxtaposition of montage, Soviet film director lev kuleshov made a famous lens editing experiment. He took a close-up of the famous Russian actor Mo Youxin with a straight face and put it in front of a pot of soup, a child playing games and the bodies of an old woman. To his surprise, he found that the audience saw the actor's "performance", that is, they showed hunger when they saw the soup, joy when they saw the children, and sadness when they saw the old woman's body. In fact, this is all because of the combination of lenses, which makes the audience associate. From this experiment, Kuleshov came to the conclusion that it is not the content of a single shot, but the juxtaposition of several pictures, which is the function of shot combination and editing. This is the so-called Curry Schouw effect.

Subjective lens takes the lens of the movie camera as the eyes of the characters in the movie to watch (shoot) the activities of other people and things, that is, subjective lens shooting. This kind of shot that represents the line of sight of a character in the film is called subjective shot (narrow subjective shot). Subjective shots also include shots that clearly show the director's subjective comments, subjective feelings and emotions (shots with strong subjective expression in a broad sense). There is no purely objective lens and there will be no purely subjective lens. Subjective shots are always produced in the performance of objective shots. For example, such a typical Hitchcock-style subjective lens performance: the head of the character is injured, blood flows downwards, gradually covering the line of sight, and blood covers the picture. This is a subjective performance, but it cannot be separated from the objective process of the character's injury. Subjective lens performance is more complicated than objective lens performance, and there are many application modes. Such as reactive subjective lens, imaginative subjective lens, multi-angle subjective lens, multi-level subjective lens, approximate subjective lens and so on.

Objective lens generally refers to the lens that the camera uses the viewpoint that most people have at the shooting scene. This kind of lens can make the audience have a sense of presence in the visual effect of the picture and achieve the purpose of objective expression. The objectivity of objective lens includes two meanings: one is to reflect the objective truth of the object itself, that is, the authenticity of the life content reproduced by art, which is usually required and insisted by directors when using traditional realistic creation methods. For example, many life scenes, such as events, environments and characters, shown in films such as "Man to Middle Age" require to reproduce the authenticity of life, that is, the visibility of life reflected by art; Second, it refers to the objective description of the object. This kind of objective description is inevitable in real life movies, fairy tales, myths and absurd movies. For example, the performance of various events and processes in the film The Journey to the West is where the objective lens comes into play. The purpose of using the objective lens is to guide the audience to watch the picture performance in whatever sense, which has the objective authenticity of the specified situation and makes the film achieve the purpose of narration and description. In the end, the thoughts and feelings of editing, guidance and photography are inevitably permeated.

An empty shot is a scene shot in which no characters appear. It is an important means for directors to carefully conceive ideological content, tell stories, express emotional artistic conception, change the time and space of pictures and adjust the rhythm. There are two types: subjective empty lens and objective empty lens. Subjective aerial photography is the scenery and feeling in the eyes of characters, which is psychological and deliberately rendered, while objective aerial photography is the objective environmental scenery and silhouette scenery, which requires the authenticity of scenery performance.

Time-space transformation technique is a means to express the transformation of some time-space shots or paragraphs in the film, thus creating various artistic effects. Common space-time conversion techniques include: using traditional optical techniques such as fading, fading and drawing. Insert a scene shot that can show the change of time, season and place between two shots or paragraphs; Use subtitles and paintings to explain the changes of time and place; Unskilled editing refers to using the direct transformation of the picture content itself to express the transformation of time and space and divide the time and space paragraphs without additional optical skills.

Fade in and out is also called "fade in and out" and "fade in and out". One of the traditional editing techniques. The traditional means to express the space-time interval in film art is that the picture of the previous scene gradually fades until it completely disappears (fades out), and the picture of the latter scene gradually emerges until it is very clear and bright (fades out). This technique shows the end of one plot (paragraph) and the beginning of another plot (paragraph), leaving a certain gap, so that the audience can get a short pause in the sense of paragraph and calmly understand the ongoing plot. And can show certain emotions and rhythms.

Cut "switch", that is, the abbreviation of "cut in". It belongs to the unskilled editing technology. It has gradually become one of the most basic ways to change shots in movies. It refers to the transition from one shot to another, or from one scene to another, without any optical skills, such as melting, painting, fading and so on. In order to ensure smooth shot switching, conform to artistic logic, and adapt to the general psychology of watching movies, we must grasp the rhythm of the film and accurately grasp the cutting point of the shot in editing creation.

Chemical transformation is also called "melting out, melting in" and "dissolving out, melting in". One of the traditional editing techniques. The traditional means to express the time-space transition in film art is that before the previous picture gradually disappears (melts in and out), the latter picture gradually emerges (melts out and melts in), and the two pictures overlap and disappear at the same time until the latter picture is completely clear. "Hua" has many functions, such as: it plays a transitional role in time and space; It can simply express large-scale space-time transformation; It is often used to express imagination, dreams, memories and so on. And directly convey emotions; When the space-time distance is close, the continuous use of "Hua" transition lens can produce lyrical and gentle effects; It is used to achieve the special ornamental effect of "deformation" in fairy tales and so on.

Overprinting is a unique form of film language. One of the skills of film editing. Overlapping and copying two or more pictures of different time and space, different scenes or people on one film, that is, overprinter. At the same time, the contents of overlapping pictures must be internally related to form various meanings of overlapping pictures. Some film titles or lyrics subtitles are also overprinted and synthesized.

Row is also called "row out, row in" and "row over and change over" One of the traditional film editing techniques. A technique for achieving picture coherence. The form of expression is that the latter shot draws left and right, left and right, up and down, oblique, prismatic and so on on the basis of the previous shot. In contemporary movies, this technique is rarely used, but in order to strengthen a certain visual effect or create various other artistic effects, this technique is sometimes used, and attention is paid to its novelty.

One is to "cut" by skipping rope. It belongs to the unskilled editing technology. It breaks the requirement of time-space and motion continuity when switching the conventional state shots, highlights some necessary contents combined with the big jump shots, and omits the time-space process. Skipping is not only based on the internal logical connection of the plot content, but also based on the initiative and coherence of the audience's appreciation psychology, eliminating illogical random combinations.

Flashback usually refers to inserting another scene or fragment into a scene structure. Flashback can be a fragment narrative technique of the film, or it can form a whole film structure, that is, flashback structure film. From the content point of view, the flashback content is generally the thinking or memory of a character in the previous shot. It can be emotional or narrative; It can be a long speech, or it can be a manifestation of instant consciousness. The purpose is to let the audience feel the thoughts and emotions of the characters more clearly and understand the truth.

Working sample every working day, a positive film should be developed from the negative film, which is the working sample. For the film crew and the head of the factory to review. Before the work sample has not been examined and passed or needs to be re-shot, all settings of the scenery and shooting scene shall not be removed. In post-production, working samples are used by directors and editors to trim and combine shots, as well as dubbing and mixed recording, and are also used for the final review of the film, and finally serve as the basis for completing the film set. Working samples are precious materials and need to be carefully preserved.

Double film refers to "complete double film" and "mixed double film". It consists of two parts: edited works samples and mixed recording magnetic audio movies. The purpose of the double film is to facilitate the revision after listening to the review opinions. Different from the official copy, it must be shown by a synchronous projector in order to achieve the effect of sound and picture synthesis. After review, approval and modification, the mixed tape will be converted into optical vocal cords through the bottom cover of the picture, and the official copy can be printed.

1.3 film and television lens expression techniques

Lens is the basic unit of film and television creation. A complete film and television work is completed by one shot after another. Without an independent lens, there would be no film and television works. Through the combination of multiple lenses and the performance of design, the lens production of the whole film and television work is completed, so the application skills of the lens also directly affect the final effect of the film and television work. Then, in film and television shooting, how are the commonly used shots represented? Here's a detailed explanation of the use skills of commonly used lenses.

First, push the lens.

Pushing the lens is a common shooting technique, mainly by moving the lens forward or zooming to get closer to the object to be observed, which makes people feel that they are getting closer to the object to be observed step by step. Watching something at close range can show the change of the same object from far to near, and also show the change of one object to another. The use of this kind of lens is mainly to highlight a certain part of the object to see the change of details more clearly. For example, observing an antique and seeing the details through the overall zoom is also the application of pushing the lens.

Second, move the lens.

Mobile camera is also called mobile photography. It is to fix the camera on the moving object and move it in all directions to shoot the fixed object, so that the fixed object will have the effect of moving. When shooting, the shooting picture will be presented step by step, forming a visual feeling of patrol or display. It will show some objects coherently, form a dynamic effect and form a film and television animation, which can show the effect of understanding gradually and make the theme clear gradually. For example, we are sitting in a Mercedes-Benz car. Looking at the scenery outside the window, the scenery does not move, but I feel that the scenery is moving. This is the same reason. This shooting technique is mostly used to express still life.

Third, follow the camera.

Follow the camera, also known as follow, find the point of interest in the shooting process, and then follow the target to shoot. For example, in a hotel, only the big scene of the whole hotel is filmed at first, and then a waiter follows the camera from one position and walks around the table. The position of the object to be represented by the subsequent lens in the picture remains unchanged, but it changes with the picture it passes through. Just like one person and another person walking in the street, things around them are changing, but the style of following itself has not changed. Follow-up lens is also a common method in film and television shooting, which can highlight the subject well, express the speed, direction, posture and other information of the subject, and give people an immersive feeling.

Fourth, shake the lens.

Translation is also called translation. When shooting, the camera does not move, but just shakes the lens left and right, up and down, moving or rotating, which makes people feel that they are looking from one part of the object to another. For example, a person stands still and turns his neck to see things. This is the truth that we often say, glance left and right.

Panning is also often used in film and television shooting. For example, there is a cave in the movie, and then use it to shoot up and down, left and right or left and right. Pan is mainly used to show the gradual presentation of things, and one picture after another is from gradually entering the camera to gradually exiting the camera to complete the development of the whole thing.

Verb (short for verb) rotates the lens.

Rotating lens refers to the picture with the effect of subject rotation. The lens rotates along the lens optical axis or at an angle close to the lens optical axis, and the camera rotates rapidly over 360 degrees. This kind of shooting technique mostly shows the dizzy feeling of the characters, and it is a common shooting technique in film and television shooting.

Six, pull the lens

Pulling a lens is just the opposite of pushing it. If the Han people use the camera to move backward or zoom, they will gradually move away from the main object to be represented, making people feel that they are moving away from the object to be observed step by step and seeing the overall effect of a thing from a distance. It can show the change of the same object from near to far, and it can also show the change of one object to another. The application of this kind of lens is mainly to highlight the effect of the subject and grasp the overall situation, such as shooting inside the canyon in common movies and television.

Seven, shake the lens

Shot throwing is to shake the shot quickly and move it to another scene very quickly, thus switching the picture to another content, and the middle process produces a blurred effect. This kind of shooting can show a sudden transition of content.

Eight, shake the lens

Compared with previous methods, translation is less used. It is mainly used to make the picture swing up and down, left and right or back and forth in a specific environment. It is mainly used to show the shaking effects such as trance, dizziness and boat ride. For example, in the performance of drunken character scenes, you need to use translation, and for example, the bumpy effect caused by riding on uneven roads.

When it comes to film expression, montage must be mentioned.

As early as the end of19th century, movie master people began to use montage as a way to make movies leap forward. Montage presents amazing artistic effects in film creation and creates touching artistic power. In the flowing picture structure, montage has become the most effective creative method.

The montage method is a method of combining two or more elements into a brand-new content. Eisenstein, a famous Soviet montage master, film theorist and director, once mentioned in his works that "mouth" and "dog" in Chinese characters constitute "barking". You know, this is the montage-"mouth" and "dog" are nouns with independent meanings, but when they are combined, they have a qualitative change and become verbs. They are displayed on the screen, and the close-ups of "mouth" and "dog" are cut together, which naturally makes the audience realize that this is a barking dog, or that there is a dog barking there, just like hearing its voice. This montage technique has become a unique language form of movies. Montage in movies refers to the cutting and combination of shots, or editing. The following is a famous example of a typical montage creation experiment, which is also three shots. Different editing methods will produce different effects:

1, a person is laughing.

2, the pistol is pointing.

3. A frightened face.

This sequence of shots makes the audience timid and afraid of the characters.

1, frightened face.

2, the pistol is pointing.

3. A person is laughing.

This combination of shots shows the bravery of the characters. Eisenstein once summed up this experiment. He said: "juxtaposing two unrelated problems through editing does not mean adding one shot to another-it leads to a creation, not a merger of parts." Because the result of this juxtaposition is qualitatively different from looking at each component alone. " (Four Lectures on Film Art)

Montage thinking is creative thinking based on human visual perception and auditory perception. The relationship between the division and combination of shots established by film montage, that is, the separation and intersection of different elements, is finally realized through the perceptual function of analysis and synthesis, and must rely on the psychological function of association.

Lenovo can arouse memories of the past and imagination of the future at the same time. This important psychological phenomenon is a psychological bridge between the front and rear lens communication pictures in the montage structure.

There are three ways of association.

First, analogy association. Because there are similar techniques or similar contents between shots or lens groups, the audience will associate similar scenes. Second, comparison and association. Its shots or fragments are opposite in form or content, showing the same theme from the opposite angle, making the theme leave a deeper impression on people.

Third, close to Lenovo. It is through the same, simultaneous or successively established conditioned reflex that the shots that are close in space and time are linked, thus causing people to associate and ponder its connotation. Chaplin himself commented that the film developed from an abstract concept-criticizing our mechanized lifestyle.

The application of montage technique injects vitality into the film, combines ordinary pictures into infinite connotation, and leaves endless imagination space for the audience. It can be said that the application of montage in movies is a major revolution in the history of movies.

Montage, the transliteration of French montage, was originally an architectural term with the meaning of combination and collection. Borrowing film and television theory means editing, combining and connecting. Xia Yan said: "The so-called montage is a way to connect the shots logically and rhythmically according to the development of the plot and the attention and concern of the audience, so that the audience can get a clear and vivid impression or feeling, so as to correctly understand the development of a thing." Film and television producers can only succeed if they choose, arrange and organize materials according to the montage law. When conceiving film and television works, the following five montage techniques are often used:

(A) the reproduction of montage

Also known as repeated montage, repeated montage. Let some important objects and scenes appear repeatedly in film and television literature scripts, on the one hand, play an important role and attract readers' attention and attention; On the other hand, it plays a role in combing the context and dividing the levels in the structure of the works. For example, the teaching aid globe used by varvara Vasilyevna in the Soviet Union's "Rural Female Teacher" and the three pine trees on the mountain where she teaches are all recurring objects and scenes.

(B) contrast montage

Also known as contrast montage. The lenses assembled by this technology are logically related, set off and compared with each other. This montage can be used not only between the scenes of ordinary shots and the expressions of characters, but also to combine long shots.

(3) Parallel montage

Connect the related events and scenes that happened in different places at the same time, let them be presented to the audience in an orderly way, let the plot develop in parallel, and strengthen the suspense mentality of the audience. Griffith successfully used this combination method in Let's Oppose Disagreements: an innocent worker was wrongly sentenced to death, and when the noose was put around his neck, his wife arrived with the governor's pardon. This is the famous "last-minute rescue". In the China movie Flying Tigers, Liu Hong's flying horse rescued Fang Lin's sister-in-law, which is also an example of montage.

(D) Metaphorical montage

Also known as metaphor montage, symbol montage, similarity montage and association montage. It requires a subtle analogy between connected shots and scenes, and highlights the relevant characteristics between things through "similarities", "figurative points" and "moral points" to urge the audience to understand their inner deep meaning.

(5) Vaudeville montage

This is a comprehensive montage, which has both the decomposition of the picture and the concentration of the picture; There are panoramic views and close-ups; Fast-paced, nervous. Eisenstein successfully used the montage of vaudeville in his masterpiece "Battleship potemkin" and the world-famous passage "Odessa Steps", highlighting the bloody atrocities of the czar's military police in slaughtering peaceful residents, including the old, weak, women and children.