Complete detailed information on photo retouching (term explanation)

Image retouching means modifying the image, subjecting the image to certain processing and adjustments to achieve the desired effect. With the improvement of living standards, people's requirements for photo editing have also increased. Basic introduction Chinese name: Picture retouching Phonetic: xiū tú Part of speech: Verb Comments: Modify pictures and retouch, software, Article 1, Article 2, Article 3, Article 4, Article 5, Article 6, Article 7 , Article 8, Article 9, Article 10, Color Principles, RGB Three-Color Principle, HLS Principle, Photo retouching is to modify and modify pictures to achieve perfect effects. Nowadays, professional photography institutions and photo studios need an important program. The software tool used for photo retouching is photoshop (people refer to photo retouching using photoshop as p-picture) (in the professional field, there is not only this software, but also 3dx and other software) Software introduction: The first Adobe Bridge introduces Photoshop's file browser It has been completely remodeled and named Adobe Bridge. Adobe Bridge is a completely independent application that can run independently and becomes a new part of the CS suite. When the File Browser was first introduced in Photoshop, I mentioned in my review that I wanted it to become a standalone application, and now I'm pleasantly surprised to find that Adobe has taken steps in this direction. The new Adobe Bridge in Photoshop CS2 replaces the original file browser Adobe Bridge can run independently and only requires the click of a button in Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign or Golive. The screenshot above shows Adobe Bridge's default layout, but it has more customization options than the Photoshop CS profile browser. Using Adobe Bridge you can view and manage all image files, including CS's own PSD, AI, INDD and Adobe PDF files. When previewing a PDF file in Bridge, you can even browse multiple pages. Article 2 Adobe Bridge Center If you have CS2, Adobe Bridge provides the Bridge Center (shown above). Bridge Center gives you quick access to file groups, new folders, previously used files, as well as an RSS reader, tips and tricks, color management settings, Version Cue projects, stock images, and help. Adobe Bridge now provides access to the new Adobe stock image service, which connects users to high-quality stock images. Adobe Stock Photos lets you search a large collection of stock photo codes, download them, and purchase photos - when you want. The RSS reader in Adobe Bridge Center is preset to display newly updated content from Adobe Studio Exchange, but you can customize it according to your needs. In my screenshot, you can see that I have added a feed for the About graphics software home page. Article 3 Adobe Bridge Image View One of my favorite Bridge features is the new filmstrip view, which allows you to view thumbnails and large previews on the same screen. There is a split slider at the bottom of the window that allows you to adjust the thumbnail size. You can make the thumbnail very small or make the thumbnail preview very large. There are also buttons to switch between thumbnails, slideshows, details and versions, and alternate views. Article 4. Customize Adobe Bridge In the slide view, you can switch the thumbnail display to the lower part of the preview image, or switch to the right side of the preview image as shown in this picture. Through parameter settings, users can also change the background color displayed in Adobe Bridge. In the screenshot, I used a medium gray, but you can adjust it from black to white or any gray. Article 5 Detail View in Adobe Bridge In Detail View, you can see a lot of detailed information about each image, and the thumbnails are still zoomable. In this screenshot you can see that I have several other panels open - Collections, Metadata, and Keywords. You can edit directly in the Metadata and Keywords panel to append information to the image, or you can add information using the File Info command. Article 6 Customize Adobe Bridge using workspace layout Panels can be opened or closed individually, and you can split panels when necessary. You can also turn off extra image information and only display thumbnails, as shown in the screenshot here. This is a preset workspace that Adobe Bridge calls a Lightbox, which provides a maximized view area for displaying thumbnails.

Several preset workspaces include - Lightbox, File Navigator (mainly used for file navigation), Metadata Focus (mainly used for metadata display) and Filmstrip Focus (slideshow). You can also save your customized workspace layout, so you can easily reload your preferred settings as needed for different projects. Article 7 Adobe Bridge Compact Mode and Ultra Compact Mode As shown in the figure, Adobe Bridge can quickly switch to compact mode, which floats on top of other windows and supports dragging and dropping into other applications. Click the icon circled in red to switch from compact mode to ultra-compact mode. In this mode, only a small toolbar occupies the screen (the area shown by the red outline). Article 8 Adobe Bridge rating, labeling and batch processing users can rate photos from one to five stars and apply color labels. Tags can also be assigned a custom name, so you can use red for one item, green for another, and blue for your personal photos. Users can also filter what content is displayed based on ratings and tags. Most batch processing tasks can also be performed in Adobe Bridge, so users no longer need to run Photoshop or other applications when performing batch processing tasks. Because Bridge is now a standalone application, users can continue working in Bridge while working on images. Article 9. Search for images in Adobe Bridge As you wish, Bridge provides a search tool for finding files based on a variety of criteria, including file name, file size, keywords, metadata information, and ratings. , tags, data, file type, keywords, comments and description. Search results can be set to open in a new window, so you don't lose space in the current window. After a search is performed, you can also select group results to favorites so you can revisit them at any time. Article 10 Adobe Bridge Show Mode Adobe Bridge now provides a show mode for displaying a group of photos on the full screen or in a window. When you use the show mode for the first time, the prompt screen will display the information as shown above. As you can see, there are many photo navigation options that work with keyboard shortcuts. You can even set ratings and apply tags from your keyboard in show mode. Adobe Bridge is included in Adobe Photoshop CS2, Adobe Illustrator CS2, Adobe InDesign CS2 and Adobe GoLive CS2. Adobe Bridge also provides additional functionality when installed as part of the Adobe CS2 suite. When it comes to color principles when it comes to paintings and images, it is natural to talk about color. All patterns are composed of basic shapes and colors. Color constitutes an important part of our image processing. Next we will understand the principle of color, which will be our The foundation of art. Principle of RGB Three Colors In middle school physics classes, we may have done experiments with prisms. After white light passes through the prism, it is decomposed into a spectrum of gradually transitioning colors. The colors are red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple. This is the visible spectrum. Among them, the human eye is most sensitive to red, green, and blue. The human eye is like a three-color receiver system. Most colors can be synthesized by red, green, and blue in different proportions. Similarly, most monochromatic light can also be decomposed into three colors of red, green and blue light. This is the most basic principle of colorimetry, the principle of three primary colors. The three primary colors are independent of each other, and no primary color can be synthesized with the other two colors. Red, green, and blue are the three primary colors, and these three colors combine to produce the widest range of colors. The three primary colors of red, green and blue are added in different proportions to form a mixed color, which is called additive color mixing.

Red + Green = Yellow

Green + Blue = Cyan

Red + Blue = Magenta

Red + Green + Blue = white

Yellow, cyan, and magenta are all mixed from two different colors, so they are also called additive secondary colors. In addition:

Red + cyan = white

Green + magenta = white

Blue + yellow = white

So cyan, Yellow and magenta are the complementary colors of red, blue and green respectively. Since everyone's eyes have different feelings about the same single color, if we mix three primary colors with the same intensity, assuming that the intensity of the white light is 100%, people's subjective feeling at this time is that the green light is the brightest. Red light comes second, and blue light is the weakest.

In addition to the additive color mixing method, there is also the subtractive color mixing method. Under white light illumination, cyan pigments absorb red and reflect cyan, yellow pigments absorb blue and reflect yellow, and magenta pigments absorb green and reflect magenta.

That is:

White-Red=Cyan

White-Green=Magenta

White-Blue=Yellow

In addition, If you mix two pigments, cyan and yellow, under white light illumination, since the pigment absorbs red and blue and reflects green, we express the mixture of pigments as follows:

Pigment (yellow + cyan) =White-Red-Blue=Green

Pigment (Magenta + Cyan) = White-Red-Green = Blue

Pigment (Yellow + Magenta) = White-Green -Blue=Red

The above are all subtractive color mixing. Subtractive color mixing forms different colors by absorbing different proportions of the three primary colors. Therefore, cyan, magenta, and yellow are called the three primary colors of pigments. Mixing of the three primary colors of pigments is widely used in painting and printing. Among the three primary colors of pigments, red, green and blue are called subtractive secondary colors or pigment secondary colors. Among the subtractive secondary colors:

(Cyan + Yellow + Magenta) = White - Red - Blue - Green = Black

Use the above additive colors to mix the three primary colors The color mode represented is called RGB mode, and the color mode represented by the principle of subtractive color mixing of the three primary colors is called CMYK mode. They are widely used in the fields of painting and printing.

RGB mode is the most commonly used color mode in drawing software. In this mode, it is more convenient to process images. Moreover, RGB stored images are smaller than CMYK images, which can save memory and space. .

CMYK mode is a pigment mode, so it is a printing mode, but it is essentially no different from RGB mode, except for the way it produces colors. RGB is the additive color mixing mode, and CMYK is the subtractive color mixing mode. For example, the display uses RGB mode because the display uses electron beams to bombard the fluorescent material on the fluorescent screen to emit bright light and produce colors. When there is no light, it is black, and when the light is added to the maximum, it is white. And what about the printer? Its ink does not emit light on its own. Therefore, only colors that absorb specific light waves and reflect other lights can be used, so the subtractive color method needs to be used to solve it. HLS principle HLS is Hue (hue), Luminance (brightness), and Saturation (saturation). Hue is an attribute of color. It is essentially the basic color of color, that is, the seven colors we often talk about: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple, each of which represents a hue. Adjusting the hue means changing its color.

Brightness is the lightness and darkness of the graphic primary colors of various colors (for example, the primary colors of RGB images are R, G, B or various hues), and brightness adjustment is also the adjustment of lightness and darkness. The brightness ranges from 0 to 255, divided into 256 levels. The grayscale image we usually talk about is divided into 256 levels of brightness between pure white and pure black, that is, from white to gray and then to black. Similarly, in RGB mode, it represents the brightness of each primary color, that is, the brightness of the three primary colors of red, green and blue, from light to dark.

Saturation refers to the chroma of the image color. For each color, there is an artificially prescribed standard color. Saturation is a physical quantity that describes the degree of similarity between the color and the standard color. Adjusting saturation is adjusting the color of an image. When the saturation bar of an image is set to zero, the image becomes a grayscale image. You can try adjusting the saturation button on your TV.

Another concept is contrast. Contrast refers to the difference between different colors. The greater the contrast, the greater the difference between two colors, and conversely, the closer they are. For example, if a grayscale image increases its contrast, it will become more black and white. When it is adjusted to the limit, it will become a black and white image. On the contrary, we can get a gray canvas.

Once we understand the principle of color, we will not be at a loss in image processing, and we can adjust colors faster and more accurately.