How to explain the "ytterbium head" in film and television works

1. According to the scene of film photography, it can be divided into distant view, panoramic view, middle view, close view and close-up. This is distinguished according to the distance between the camera and the subject or the range of pictures taken. Foresight refers to a broad picture of distant scenery and people .4438+0.

2. Panorama is to capture a relatively complete person and the whole scene.

3. The middle shot generally refers to taking most of a person's body, which has a large space and can show the relationship between characters, and is widely used in movies.

4. The close shot is relatively closer to the middle shot. Generally speaking, it refers to shooting the upper part of the character or the local scope of the scene, emphasizing the facial expressions, gestures and body movements of the character, which plays an important role in shaping the character.

5. Close-up refers to shooting a person's head, face, a part of the human body and a part of the scene. This is a unique and effective photography method, emphasizing a certain part and detail in the film.

2. In film photography, the artistic effect is usually achieved by changing the position of the camera or the position of the fuselage or changing the focal length of the lens, thus creating various photographic techniques such as pushing, pulling, shaking and moving.

1. Pushing the lens means pushing the lens closer to the subject or gradually lengthening the focal length with a zoom lens, so that the audience has a feeling of being closer to the subject.

2. Pulling the lens is opposite to pushing the lens, which causes the feeling that the subject on the screen is gradually away from the audience's point of view. And gradually expand their horizons.

3. Translation means that the camera stays in the original position, and the picture is dynamically composed by rotating the fuselage up, down, left and right, resulting in artistic effects of patrolling, looking around the surrounding environment, revealing the inner world of dynamic characters and contrasting emotions.

4. Moving the lens, also known as "moving photography", puts the camera on a movable vehicle or elevator, moves the subject in all directions, and takes pictures.

1. Variable speed photography: Make the film speed higher or lower than the normal rate of 24 frames per second when shooting. Making "slow motion" and "fast motion" picture effects is a common photography method in current movies.

2. Frame-by-frame photography: also called frame photography. Use the "frame-by-frame motor" to drive the camera to shoot frame by frame. If you want to show flowers, cell division, sunrise, etc.

3. Microphotography: Photographing the image magnified by the optical microscope on film with a film camera. Widely used in the analysis and research of the micro-world.

4. Aerial photography: a method of shooting scenery by aircraft, such as movies and television.

5. Underwater photography: A photography method of diving cameras and people into the water to shoot.

6. Infrared photography: photography with infrared light source and infrared film.

A brief history of camera development

More than 40 years ago, Ampex introduced the world's first practical camera, using a camera tube as a camera element.

1976, JVC company launched the first home camera, which adopted VHS format independently developed by JVC. Later, after several upgrades, the size of the stored video tape was reduced and evolved into an early "big video tape" that could be played on TV in China.

In 1980s, V8 camera and Hi8 camera appeared one after another, using 8mm video tape.

1In July, 1995, Sony and Panasonic simultaneously launched the first digital (mini-tape) camera, which made the original enthusiasts accustomed to high-end analog home Hi8 and other machines see the potential of obtaining professional machine quality at the price of home products. In particular, the practice of using DV in image creation has made DV go beyond the original functional scope, and it has been favored by many video producers and enthusiasts. The appearance of home digital camera is a sign of updating and truly digitizing the recording format of home camera, which has a very broad development prospect.

Second, the development of photosensitive elements.

1On July 24th, 995, Sony announced the first digital camera DCR-VX1000, which revolutionized the use of mini-tapes as storage media and adopted the structure of 3CCD sensor.

In mid-2003, Panasonic introduced GS70, a low-priced household model with a price of less than 10,000 yuan, which further narrowed the distance between 3cd and people.

In mid-2005, the amazing 3CMOS digital camera-PC1000e was born.

Third, the lens

Note: Zeiss and Leica are the most famous lens brands. At present, Panasonic is the only DV manufacturer using Leica lens, and Sony is the only DV manufacturer using Zeiss lens.

1In July, 996, Sony's CCD-TR555 with Zeiss lens came out.

In September 2000, Panasonic released NV-MX3000 equipped with Lycra lens from Germany, which was also the top 3cd model at that time.

Fourthly, touch screen technology.

1June, 1999 Sony DCR-PC3 launched a touch screen, which can operate DV through the touch screen. At present, only Sony has it.

Fifth, the continuous improvement of CCD pixels

Generally, the total pixel of low-end CCD is 800,000 images, of which 400,000 are dynamic, and other pixels are used to compensate noise and anti-shake function. Although we all know that dynamic DV only needs 465,438+0-680,000 images, it still can't stop the development of high pixels.

In September 2002, Sony released the first 2 1 10000 pixel DCR-IP220.

In 2003, Sony released the first DCR PC 330 equipped with a 3.3 megapixel CCD.

Sixth, the static pixel temperature is rising.

In 2004, Panasonic introduced the 3 CD 4 megapixel GS400.

The MC500 of 3CCD released by JVC in 2005 has the function of 5 million pixels still shooting.

Note: They used some techniques to improve the pixels. At the same pixel level, the picture quality is not as good as that of DC.

Seven, the arrival of new formats

Since the first home camera came out in 1985, the camera has gone through VHS, 8mm, Hi8 and MINIDV-its format standards have continuously improved the quality of image recording, so it is time to welcome a new format standard.

On September 3rd, 2003, Canon, Sharp, Sony and JVC jointly published the HDV standard. Its concept is to develop a portable camera for home use, which can conveniently record high-quality and high-definition images. HDV format can be used with the existing niniDV tape, and it can be used as a recording medium.

In June 2004, Sony launched the world's first civilian high-definition camera-Sony HDR-FX 1080i. It also marks the arrival of the high-definition DV era.

Eight, the arrival of the storage revolution

1995-2005 development of storage media

Before 2000, all digital cameras in China used mini-DV tape as the main storage medium, and generally recorded for 60 minutes. Some models have LP function and can record for 90 minutes (the tape speed in SP mode is 33.8 mm/s). DV system has been further developed into a professional machine by professional manufacturers because of its high image quality and sound quality, such as Sony's DVCAM and Panasonic's DVCPRO. , use L-type or M-type tape, and record 180 minutes at most. Both DVCAM and DVCPRO are backward compatible DV systems, but they are incompatible. Mini DV tapes can only be played on professional machines with tape adapters (non-recordable). Up to now, mini-tape is still a common mainstream DV storage medium in the market, and it is still a widely accepted storage method.

2000-200 1 transitional storage medium

In the course of 10 years, storage media has not only stayed on mini-tapes, but also some unforgettable non-mini tape product lines have appeared. Although they have never shaken the status of mini-tapes, they have indelible glory.

Mddisc was born with MD storage.

In 200 1 year, Sony released its original "MICROMV" format camera, and MicroMV tape is commonly known as MV tape.

The invasion of a new generation of powerful DV storage media in 2000-2005

The arrival of 4G hard disk DV in 2004

The era of large-capacity hard disk in 2005