Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Supernatural abilities? (top)
Supernatural abilities? (top)
Let’s talk about the current status of foreign research on supernatural abilities
PSI, the abbreviation of psychic power, supernatural abilities (or spiritual abilities) have been continuously studied abroad, and there are two main leading figures. , belong to two sides: Wiseman, a British psychologist, University of Hertfordshire in Hatfield, whose research results prove that PSI does not exist; Schlitz, an American paranormal psychologist, Institute of Noetic Science in Petaluma, California, whose research It turns out: PSI exists.
To explain this phenomenon, international academic circles have always believed that there is a problem of transcendentalism. In other words, if you believe it, there is it; if you don’t believe it, there is nothing. Scientists who believe in supernatural abilities always come up with positive experimental results; scientists who don't believe in it will inevitably come up with negative data. Moreover, often after a new experimental method is proposed, there are some positive results first, and as the number of experiments increases, opposing data continues to emerge.
Scientists who do not admit supernatural phenomena believe that this shows that supernatural abilities cannot withstand the test of scientific experiments and cannot be repeated; while scientists who believe in supernatural abilities believe that the inability to be repeated itself shows that supernatural phenomena are inevitable. However, it is often difficult for current scientific experimental methods to repeat fleeting supernatural phenomena.
In the 1990s, both parties agreed to join hands. The opposing side promised not to delete experimental results that they subjectively believed to be inaccurate or erroneous, and to ensure that all results were recorded; while the believing side also promised not to focus on the special phenomena of the experiment, but to comprehensively analyze all results. What's interesting is that everyone respects each other and everything is just a debate of different academic opinions. No one accuses the other party of cheating or anything like that.
The two leading figures mentioned earlier, Wiseman and Schlitz, admire and trust each other and have become good friends. In the past eight years, the two major laboratories have joined forces to exchange scholars and conduct experiments together. At the same time, the two leading figures also went to each other's laboratories to participate in experiments. Unfortunately, both sides still came to opposite results.
The two major camps of scientists who are now facing each other in terms of beliefs have jointly agreed that unified experimental rules, data collection methods and identification standards should be formulated. Otherwise, the truth in this field will never be explored.
Introduction to specific foreign research:
The research on supernatural abilities is divided into two fields: one is called telepathy (extrasensory perception ESP, or telepathy), which refers to the communication between two people through unknown channel to communicate thoughts; another field is called telekinesis, which refers to the ability to use spirit to change matter.
There are three recognized experimental methods to explore these two fields:
1. Micro-psychokinetic experiment (Micro-PK): Early experiments were mostly about moving larger objects, such as hanging in the air of metal bars, etc., are now focused on the microscopic world. The commonly used method is: when the subject sees a specific light beam emitting in front of the computer screen, he or she uses his mind to bend the normal route of the light beam.
Experimental results: Most of the subjects failed, but a very small number of people did experience abnormal phenomena. Since there were millions of subjects, there were relatively few positive results. The results are considered statistically significant (i.e., evidence that the phenomenon exists).
2. Telepathy experiment (Ganzfeld, German: omnidirectional), measuring ESP. The two were separated in two rooms. The subject was blindfolded and wore headphones in silence, requiring him to concentrate on feeling the other person; the other person, called the sender, watched one of four randomly sampled video tapes for 30 minutes in another room. The recipient then watches the four videotapes alone and points out what he or she perceives as the image the sender just watched.
Experimental results: There is a 1/4 chance that the subject will get the result right just by guessing. Therefore, the proportion of correct guesses is 25%. The recent experimental result is that 30% of the forty subjects' predictions were correct, which is significantly different from the correct guessing (proven existence). However, some analysts believe that the results should be within the normal error range (not that there is a significant difference).
3. Direct Mental Interaction with Living Systems (DMIS). It is used to measure the first two fields, generally speaking, by acting directly on biological systems through telepathy. Common inductive gaze experiments (the subject sits in a room with four one-way mirrors, feels whether someone is watching him next door and points out where the gaze comes from); telepathy acts on plant seeds or yeast growth and so on.
The results of forty recent independent experiments show that there are indeed small but statistically significant differences (eliminating the possibility of guessing). However, if only the seven "highest quality" experiments were used, the results showed that the difference disappeared.
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