What are the astronomical phenomena? ~~~

From February 2007 to now, I have accumulated 9999 answers. Today, everyone is looking forward to a playable question, hoping to leave an unforgettable milestone with a wonderful answer.

It is a great honor to see the landlord's question in the middle of the night. I hope I can use this answer to provide some help to the landlord and leave a souvenir for myself.

It may take a long time to answer (it may take 1-2 days), and I will constantly revise the supplementary contents. Hehe ~ _ ~ If you don't mind, I hope you don't adopt and ask questions before I finish my answer (I will remind you to delete this paragraph after I finish my answer), thank you ~ o (∩ _ ∩) o.

First, waist-high dance

Perhaps for ordinary people, the concept of seven obsidian is relatively new. In fact, the name of each planet is very loud. They are the sun, the moon and the five planets of Jin Mu. Different from other celestial bodies, there will be more astronomical phenomena because they will run near the ecliptic. More than 70% of astronomical watches are wonderful performances of exotic medicines.

Not only the astronomical phenomena appear frequently, but also they are remarkable. Besides Mercury, other celestial bodies can be easily observed in the night sky of big cities. It can be said that most of the sky in the city is decorated by them.

Solar-solar eclipse

The sun nourishes everything on earth with its light. But what can cover all the starlight is its great light. There is a moment-solar eclipse. There are three kinds of solar eclipses, total solar eclipse, annular solar eclipse and partial solar eclipse.

The above picture shows a total solar eclipse, and the performances at different times are dazzling. In the middle, at midnight, a clearly visible corona can be seen after a long exposure. Around the sun, during the eclipse and illumination, due to the ups and downs of the moon's surface, the sun can be irradiated at a specific position to form Bailey beads. For photographers, the corona and Bellevue are valuable targets.

In addition, the total solar eclipse has quite high scientific value. Einstein's theory of relativity was proved by the total solar eclipse. In addition, observing celestial bodies close to the sun, such as Mercury, Venus or recent comets, the total solar eclipse is a good opportunity. So when there is a total solar eclipse, there will be many astronomy enthusiasts who can see it from a distance.

In contrast, the appreciation value of annular eclipse and partial eclipse is not so high. However, I can still take very creative photos with my wisdom. This is an annular solar eclipse on May 26th, February1February. How about an eclipse of the sun as a marriage proposal ring? I'm afraid this confession will make the girl unforgettable.

Below is a picture of a partial solar eclipse. Although the weather was not ideal, luck and technology also sent wonderful photos.

2. the moon

"The moon is now full on the sea, and the horizon is * * *". In our culture, the bright moon symbolizes purity and yearning. Not only that, Chang 'e, who orbits the celestial sphere once a month, will also bring us wonderful astronomical phenomena. As mentioned above, 70% of the astronomical phenomena come from the Seven Obsidian, and among the Seven Obsidian, 70% of the astronomical phenomena are contributed by the bright moon.

(1) Moon phase

Because the moon revolves around the earth, the angle between the surface of the moon (always the front of the moon) observed by the earth and the side of the moon receiving sunlight will change periodically. Therefore, the time leading to the appearance of the moon and the change of the shape of the moon are called the moon phase. The formation of the moon phase will be described in detail in nature textbooks or geography textbooks, so there is no need to waste your breath here.

Different moon phases have left us many well-known poems, and a few excerpts are for the landlord to enjoy:

Canyue:

"On the third night of September, the dew is like a pearl and the moon is like a bow."-Bai Juyi in Mujiang Yin

"A solitary lamp, a bugle call, the moon rises from the balcony" —— Night Thoughts on the Loutai by Wei Zhuang

First quarter moon:

"On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps." -"a night-mooring near maple bridge" Zhang Ji

"In the ebb tide and the slanting moon, two or three fishing fires in Guazhou?" -"At the Nanjing Ferry" Zhang Hu

Full moon; The baby is one month old.

"The spring tide is in Lian Haiping, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide ... In spring, the river flows away, and the Hechi falls to the west." -"Moonlit Night on the Spring River" Zhang Xuruo

"The foot of the bed is bright, but the frost on the ground is doubtful" —— Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night

last quarter

"Birds are startled when the moon rises, and the sound of birds is deep in the stream" —— Wang Wei's Bird-singing Stream

"In the middle of the night, when I was lying there and couldn't hear a worm, the moon in the mountains came into my door with her pure light." -Han Yu's Stone

Canyue (remnant):

"Yang Liuan, the breeze is weakening"-Liu Yong is in Yulin

There is no need for any kind of "spectacle", that is, round or lost, but the bright moonlight will leave so many well-known poems for our ancestors.

(2) solar eclipse

Eclipse is a phenomenon that the moon enters the shadow cone of the earth, and the sunlight is blocked by the earth, thus darkening. Therefore, the lunar eclipse must appear on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, and many people will confuse the lunar phase with the lunar eclipse (many people think that the lunar phase is caused by the sun being blocked by the earth, and the reason for the lunar phase has already been mentioned above). I hope the landlord will not make such a mistake.

Eclipses are divided into three categories: total solar eclipse, partial solar eclipse and penumbral eclipse. Among them, the penumbral eclipse is the penumbral eclipse when the moon enters the earth (a partial solar eclipse is observed on the moon), and the brightness will be reduced to a certain extent, but it is difficult for the naked eye to find it if it is not evaluated by a special instrument, so the observed value is relatively low, so I will not repeat it here.

Total lunar eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon with high observation value. It can be seen that the last total lunar eclipse in China occurred on 20 1 1 year 65438+February 10, leaving many wonderful photographs.

In the picture, the moon is bronzed, which is the stage of total lunar eclipse. The bronze moonlight stained my tears that night, an unforgettable night. I wonder if the landlord will be surprised. Since the earth blocks the sunlight, why can we still see the moon? That's because sunlight can change its original straight-line trajectory and reach the moon after being refracted by the earth's atmosphere. However, because the earth's atmosphere has a strong ability to absorb light with shorter wavelength, the light that reaches the moon is mainly long-wave red light, so it is bronze moonlight.

(3)XX stars combine with the moon/accompany the moon

"Harmony" is an astronomical term that refers to the same phenomenon of two celestial bodies. I'm afraid such a difficult definition is not easy to remember. It can be approximately understood as a celestial phenomenon that a celestial body is very close to the moon. Because the moon orbits the celestial sphere once every 27 days, the conjunction of XX star and the moon will also have a specific law, which appears once every 27 days or so (other celestial bodies move slowly).

Accompanying the moon is a similar concept, which is a phenomenon that some celestial bodies are closer to the moon. The full moon can be said to be accompanied by the full moon, but it may not be said to be accompanied by the full moon, so I won't discuss the profoundness of Chinese, hehe.

The most beautiful picture of the moon is the double star moon (Jin Mu Moon) on June 5438+February 1, 2008. Venus and Jupiter form a smiling face in the sky. At that time, I was a freshman, but please remember to save my smiling face. This is the advice I often give myself when I am sad, and the same blessing is also given to the landlord.

(4) The moon covered XX star.

Lunar occultation is a special case of the above-mentioned XX stars merging with the moon. When another celestial body is too close to the moon and smaller than the radius of the moon, it will be blocked by the moon.

Lunar occultation can be divided into lunar occultation and lunar occultation. Because the star is a light spot, it will be covered by the moon in an instant. But for me, it is difficult to find the corresponding picture, so I can only find a video instead. The following video is about the moon covering Virgo (about the tower). Pay attention to the appearance of 17 seconds-18 seconds, which flashes by.

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In contrast, the appreciation of the planets covered by the moon is much greater. For example, the photo below is Saturn. Isn't it shocking?

The same is true of another painting of Venus hidden in Zhang Yue. Very beautiful. And I can tell the landlord that the ratio of Venus to the moon will look more beautiful with the naked eye than after the lens is enlarged. If an artist appreciates this phenomenon, it may become the source of his creation.

3. Planets on Earth

For observers on earth, there are only two planets on earth: Mercury and Venus. Because their orbits are all inside the earth, they always revolve around the sun when they are observed on the earth.

For example, westerners name Mercury, a god who inherits the history of faith for life. Because the period of revolution of Mercury is very short, only 88 days, and it can make more than three round trips on the earth in a year, it deserves its name in turn. As for Venus, the names of our ancestors are more vivid. When Venus is the morning star, it is called the morning star, and correspondingly, when it is the evening star, it is called the evening star.

Because they are close to the sun, you must see them at dusk or dawn. If a friend claims to have seen Mercury and Venus at twelve o'clock in the evening. Unless he has just been to the North and South Pole, he should be drunk.

(1) Long distance

Large distance is a unique phenomenon of planets on the earth, which means that the earth, planet and sun form a 90-degree angle. At this time, observation is the time when the planets in the earth are farthest from the sun and the best time to observe the planets in the earth.

There are two kinds of big distances, east distance and west distance. The distance to the east means that the celestial body is in the east of the sun, so it is a dark star and appears in the western sky after sunset. The corresponding western distance means that celestial bodies appear in the west of the sun, and as morning stars, they will naturally appear in the eastern sky before dawn.

For mercury, the most important observation value is to find it, that's all. Because it is close to the sun, I always soak in the sunshine of the sun. It is difficult to find it in the sun without very good weather and wide venues. Copernicus, the founder of Heliocentrism and a famous Polish astronomer, never observed Mercury in his life. If we are lucky enough to meet, we will have a little capital to show off.

Although observation is not difficult, it is far from unattainable. In the first year of my senior year, I must have seen four of the seven opportunities for the overall situation of Mercury. You know, I am in Shanghai, where the light pollution is the most serious, and I believe other cities will not have any big problems.

In contrast, Venus is much easier to observe, because its orbit is relatively large and it is far away from the sun, so it can pull a larger distance from the sun, even at 9 o'clock in the evening and 10, leaving more leisure time for observation; Secondly, Venus is very bright. As soon as it appears, it is basically the brightest star in the whole day. Every time Venus is a faint star, someone will exclaim that NIBIRU is coming. For people who never look up at the sky on weekdays, it can attract their attention and show how remarkable the brightness will be.

Attached below is a photo of Mercury at a great distance. Pay attention to two points, one is height, and the other is brightness. I can basically guarantee that the landlord should have seen Venus, but I don't know its identity, but I'm afraid the landlord has never seen Mercury, right?

(2) Transit

Transit is also a celestial phenomenon that only the planets in the earth can occur. The planets in the earth merge and run between the earth and the sun. When the angle is right, it just appears on the circular surface of the sun when observed on the earth, then the transit will happen.

June 6, 20 12 transit of venus is a truly once-in-a-century phenomenon. If you miss this time, you will probably miss your whole life, because the next transit of venus will happen in 2 1 17. Of course, I didn't curse the landlord for not living this year, hehe ~ _

I started studying astronomy in 2005, when I learned about the astronomical phenomenon in transit of venus on June 8, 2004. The only time in life is the one in 20 12 years. It can be said that I have been waiting for seven years. On the evening of June 5th last year, looking at the flocculent cumulus clouds (a sign of bad weather) in the western sky, all I can do is pray that the weather will not get too bad tomorrow. Unfortunately, the weather was not beautiful. The next day was a standard cloudy day, and 100% was covered with stratocumulus, so the sun and the moon could not see it. It was hard to say how sorry I was.

Fortunately, around 1 1 point, the clouds became thinner temporarily. About ten minutes, I saw transit of venus and took photos of transit of venus. Do you really want to say how wonderful the astronomical phenomena are? No, just a big black spot. But what really drives me is probably the expectation of seven years from youth to youth. How many dreams? Can you last this long?

Of course, there are many creative photos on the Internet. "Birds take stones" and Venus is regarded as a bird's trifle. I wonder how big this bird's appetite will be. Isn't it interesting?

Although the observation value of transit of venus is not particularly high, its significance in the history of science has to be discussed. Using the parallax of different points on the earth, the time point of transit of venus is slightly different, and the distance between the sun and the earth can be measured more accurately. 1882, astronomers used this method to make more accurate data on the distance between the sun and the earth, with an error of only over one thousandth. This data was very accurate at that time (the error measured by the previous method was about 2%, which was dozens of times higher).

In essence, the principle is not complicated. If the landlord has studied mathematics and physics in high school, he can complete the theoretical calculation. What we learn can not only be used in exams, but also explain the world we live in.

Although I am afraid I will miss transit of venus in my life, the transit of Mercury can still be observed. Because mercury is closer to the sun, the period is shorter, and the frequency of downward rendezvous is higher, so the probability of transit of mercury is greater. The next transit of Mercury will take place on May 9, 20 16, but it will not be observed in China. The next transit of mercury that can be observed in China will take place in June 2032165438+1October 13. It seems that this will be a harvest in June of 19, hehe.

The transit of Mercury is similar to that of transit of venus. Planets act as "sunspots" on the surface of the sun, but mercury will be smaller than Venus, so it will be less ornamental. Venus can use some small productions, such as projection, to see the scenery without a telescope. In contrast, mercury is much more difficult. At that time, I'm afraid this dream can only be realized by means of a telescope.

3. Extraterrestrial planets

According to the resolution adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2006, Pluto was downgraded to a dwarf planet. There are five exoplanets left in the solar system, namely Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The latter two are dim, and Uranus is close to the visual limit of the naked eye, which is extremely inconspicuous; Neptune is a dark star and cannot be observed without a telescope. Considering the ornamental nature of astronomical phenomena, these two can only be wronged.

Unlike the inner planet, the orbit of the outer planet is outside the earth, so the transit will never happen. As the saying goes, there are gains and losses. Unlike inner planets, outer planets can open a big angle with the sun and find their figure in the night sky. Although they may not be as bright as Venus, they will encounter them for much more time than Venus.

The most noteworthy astronomical phenomenon of extraterrestrial planets is their influence on the sun. Does "pet" sound handsome? Actually, it is an astronomical term, which refers to the phenomenon that two celestial bodies differ by 180. It can be simply understood that two celestial bodies are relative, one falling, one rising and one falling. There is no way to see two celestial bodies in the sky at the same time, but in other words, the planet can be seen all night before and after the eclipse. More importantly, the time before and after the eclipse is the largest, brightest and closest to the earth, and it is also the time with the best observation conditions in any cycle. Especially Mars, because its orbit is close to the earth, the brightness before and after the eclipse can be several times brighter than usual, which is an excellent observation time.

Even at the national level, probes are often launched around the time of Mars collision, because Mars is relatively close to the Earth at this time, which can save a lot of time and economic costs.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that there will be an interesting phenomenon before and after the Japanese invasion, called retrograde. All the planets in the solar system rotate from west to east, so during the observation, celestial bodies move step by step from west to east most of the time. But before and after Chongri, the celestial body will travel backwards in the sky, moving from east to west! You can also see that Mars was brighter then, right? )

In the era when Heliocentrism was the mainstream, it was very difficult for scientists/philosophers/theologians at that time (I didn't know how to define their identity). We have to put forward clumsy current wheel and even wheel model to explain this phenomenon. In contrast, our ancestors were much more free and easy, and directly classified him as the son of heaven, which was immoral and required fasting, bathing and mental activity. Therefore, how to explain the retrogression of planets (especially Mars) is a difficult problem in western astronomy and a political activity for China people.

Heliocentrism proposed by Copernicus can easily solve this problem that has plagued the West for thousands of years, because the speed of the earth's revolution before and after the Japanese invasion was faster than that of Mars, so it is as simple as leaving Mars behind. There is no need to rely on the geocentric theory, which is very mysterious and laborious.

From this, we can also see the reasons why our astronomy and our natural science lagged behind the West after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Westerners pay attention to precision, and they should carefully examine every bit of error in the operation of celestial bodies. Kepler discovered the three laws because of the error of Mars octagon (the circumference is divided into 360, 1 equals 60'). But for our ancestors, paying attention to the unity of heaven and man, a slight mistake means that the government decrees on the ground are appropriate, not to mention eight points, and even a few mistakes can be prevaricated by this reason. What's more, for the benefit of reality, astronomical phenomena are often forged, and many contents of "Wu Xing Zhi" and "Tian Wenzhi" opened in history books are known to be forged at a glance. Some scholars have simulated and counted a celestial phenomenon, that is, Mars retrograde in Scorpio, which is a sign of catastrophe. It was found that Hanshu 1 * * recorded more than 20 times, three times it really happened, seven or eight times Mars passed through Scorpio (if it wasn't retrograde, it happened), and the rest were forged.

Westerners pay attention to accuracy, but China people can talk in general terms, which is the reason why our science in Ming and Qing Dynasties went from leading to lagging behind. Even now, we are still paying debts for the "heritage" of our ancestors.

Let's stop here for the seven Yao articles. In fact, there are still some astronomical omissions, mainly the coincidence of planets or the coincidence of planets and stars. For details, please refer to the part where XX star meets the moon, and just remove the moon. Ha ha.

That's all for today, and I'm going to write a few parts later:

Two. Little brothers of the solar system

Three. Vast cosmic landscape

Four. artificial celestial body

Five. Simple beauty-simple starry sky

Remember, don't use it for the time being, don't ask ~ _