Contraindications of mammography

165438+1On October 23rd, Queen Mary College of University of London and King's College of University of London published a research report online in the British Journal of Cancer, investigating the relationship between mammography screening in England and the risk of breast cancer death.

A preliminary case-control study in London showed that mammography screening can reduce the mortality of breast cancer by 39%. At the same time, compared with young women, women over the age of 65 have stronger screening advantages and longer duration.

Mammary molybdenum target has the most advantage in finding microcalcifications, and its diagnostic efficiency is not only higher than that of magnetic resonance imaging, but also can detect breast masses that doctors can't reach.

However, in the process of detection, because the whole breast needs to be flattened for perspective, if the patient's breast is rich, the glands will overlap with the lesions, which is difficult to distinguish, and the patient's feeling will be more painful.

If the patient's breast is small and the lump is still close to the chest, then there is no way to enter the fluoroscopy range, which will affect the examination results and lead to missed diagnosis.

Generally speaking, molybdenum target plays a great role in breast cancer screening, but it is usually necessary to combine ultrasound examination to comprehensively evaluate breast health.

Ultrasonic examination can clearly distinguish levels, can 100% distinguish cystic and solid masses, and roughly judge the benign and malignant tumors. It is a great "weapon" to check the health status of women's breasts, but the resolution of ultrasound for many tiny calcification points is not clear. Therefore, during the examination, if abnormal lesions appear, the doctor will advise the patient to conduct molybdenum target screening again.

In fact, ordinary women will have different screening methods at different time periods to avoid excessive screening.

Breast screening is not recommended for women aged 20-39. If the routine physical examination finds suspicious lesions, further examination can be done at the doctor's suggestion. Women aged 40-70 can have a mammogram every 1-2 years; Women over 70 years old are suitable for opportunistic screening, and mammography can be done every 1-2 years.

For high-risk groups of breast cancer: family history of breast cancer; Chest radiotherapy before the age of 30; Patients with breast duct, lobular dysplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, etc. It is recommended to start breast screening before the age of 40, and it is recommended to have a mammogram every year; Breast ultrasound examination and breast physical examination were performed every 6- 12 months. In addition, if necessary, do breast enhancement MRI once a year.

In addition to going to the hospital for screening, female friends can also observe their breasts in daily life to see if there are any abnormalities.

Four steps of breast self-examination:

1. Look: Facing the mirror, raise your arm to observe whether the shape and color of the breast have changed and whether the size is symmetrical;

2. Touch: put your fingers together and press the breast to check whether there are lumps or nodules;

3. Squeeze: Gently squeeze the nipple to see if there is any liquid flowing out;

4. Touch: also touch the lymph nodes around the armpit with your fingertips, from the neck to the clavicle line to the armpit, and take care of both sides.

These steps can be performed two weeks before menstruation or one week after menstruation every month.

Breast secretion: It is a normal physiological function for nipple to discharge milk during lactation. However, if the nipple overflows light yellow milk, green pus and reddish brown blood during non-pregnancy and non-lactation, it is necessary to be alert to the internal lesions of the breast.

Breast pain: severe breast pain accompanied by tenderness is often an inflammatory manifestation of the breast, which is seen in acute mastitis and breast abscess. Clinically, local pain is often related to menstrual cycle, which is generally more common in simple and cystic hyperplasia of breast.

Breast lump: Common diseases related to breast lump include breast fibroadenoma and other benign tumors, which have a certain risk of canceration. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the focus in time to avoid the malignant transformation of the tumor or the influence on the appearance of the breast due to the oversized tumor.

Abnormal breast skin: Acute mastitis often leads to skin swelling, breast tuberculosis may be accompanied by skin ulcer or fistula, and breast adenocarcinoma may have skin invagination to form "dimple sign" or "orange peel sign".

Once there is abnormal breast condition, patients should seek medical attention in time, and don't underestimate and delay the condition, which will lead to disaster.

Fourth, extension: can breast-conserving be done in the case of breast cancer patients?

In China, the rate of breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer is less than 15%. For women, total mastectomy seriously affects patients' mentality and quality of life. However, with the development of tumor plastic surgery in recent years, breast-conserving surgery can be performed in principle as long as patients have no contraindications to radiotherapy. It can not only ensure the negative surgical margin, but also ensure the beauty after breast-conserving surgery.

For female patients who are not suitable for breast conservation, breast reconstruction can also be used. Therefore, patients can consult with doctors and make reasonable choices according to their own conditions and needs.

At present, for patients with breast cancer, it is not necessary to remove the breast. Breast conservation and breast reconstruction can also achieve the same therapeutic effect, which can greatly improve the quality of life and mentality of patients. # Health Science Qualifier ##39 Health Super Team # # Breeze Plan #

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