How to learn to take pictures? What are the basic courses?

When you buy a digital SLR camera, you may not know the basic knowledge of photography, or even what the shutter speed and aperture are. What is ISO? Trying to figure out what the letters on the shooting mode selector mean. Do you want to finally know how to learn photography and become a photographer? Here, I will discuss what shutter speed, aperture, ISO and the differences between different shooting modes.

1. What is exposure? Roughly speaking, exposure refers to the amount of light received by the camera matrix. Or movies that are not used at all. Exposure is the process of exposure. Moreover, the amount of light depends on exposure time and illumination, which is controlled by shutter speed, aperture and matrix sensitivity.

2. What is the shutter speed? Exposure in photography has nothing to do with picture width. This is the length of time the shutter is open and the light shines on the matrix. In most cases, the shutter speed is very short, measured in seconds and fractions of seconds. On the camera screen, the value of 60 corresponds to 1/60 seconds. Usually, there are a series of standard extraction contents, which increase by one step: 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8,115, 1/30. 11000, 1/2000, 1/4000 seconds Every step will reduce the amount of light entering the matrix by half. Four is two steps. Eight or three steps, and so on.

Every camera has a shutter speed range. Usually the shortest shutter speed is 1/4000 seconds and the longest is 30 seconds. You can shoot at a fairly short shutter speed (about1100, 1/200 seconds or less), and a tripod is already needed for a second shutter speed (even110 seconds). Without a tripod, people will naturally feel their hands shaking, which will make the picture blurred. However, don't think that a short shutter speed will be good, and a long shutter speed will be bad. No, different shutter speeds are required for different purposes. It all depends on the specific conditions and shooting type.

3. What is an aperture? The aperture is a hole whose diameter can be adjusted to change the amount of light entering the matrix. Shutter speed and aperture are the main exposure settings. Shutter speed and aperture are collectively called exposure pairs. For the aperture, there are a series of standard values in increments of one step: 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 1 1 6. Like shutter speed, each step means that the amount of light is halved. Diaphragm is expressed by the fraction of small f(f/2.8) or the product of large F(F2.8). Both options are correct.

In fact, the maximum aperture is one of the most important characteristics of the lens, which determines the final cost. In addition, the diaphragm determines the depth of clearly delineated space (DOF), but it is more important on a single material.

If you shoot at the shutter speed of1100s and the aperture of F2.8, and then change the values to 1/50 and F4 respectively, the exposure remains the same, and so does the photo. In both cases, the same amount of light will fall on the matrix. In the era of digital photography, there is also a related parameter-the sensitivity of matrix.

4. What is ISO? Sensitivity is the same as ISO. If everything is simplified, then this is the sensitivity of the camera matrix to light. Just like shutter speed and aperture, sensitivity is described by a series of standard values (increments are 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400, 12800, etc. Similarly, you can shoot two frames: the shutter speed of one frame is 1/200 s, the aperture is F2.8 and ISO 200, the aperture of the second frame is F4, and the sensitivity is increased to 400 units. The exposure is the same.

Image quality of ISO 200 (left) and ISO25600

The higher the ISO, the more impurities appear in the photos, and the worse the quality. You just need to improve the sensitivity when shooting in the dark. The noise level at high ISO value is one of the most important characteristics of the matrix (and the whole camera), so almost every comment gives information about shooting the same scene with different sensitivities.

5. What's the difference between modes P, A, S and M? Almost all cameras (all SLR, mirrorless and top compact cameras) have several modes of operation. The most obvious is the automatic transmission, which is used by most people. It lets you not know the shutter speed, aperture and sensitivity. Just shoot, and you can get acceptable results in half the case. In the 1990s, due to the introduction of automatic mode, photography exploded. But unfortunately, even the most advanced automation can't achieve the effect of 100%.

For advanced and professional photographers, the most popular modes are semi-automatic modes-A and S (or Av and Tv in Canon cameras). Manual setting of aperture value, shutter speed and camera selection in A is the best automatic, data-based embedded sensor. So it's called aperture priority mode. Shutter priority mode is called S, and its working principle is the same. Set the shutter speed manually, and the camera can choose the best aperture value by itself. This mode is often used by reporting photographers. In the next article, I will explain the reasons in detail.

In m mode-full manual mode. You can set the shutter speed and aperture manually. The camera can only tell you that the photo frame will be underexposed or overexposed (overexposed) when using the selected value.

Finally, P is an alternative version of fully automatic mode. Both exposure settings (shutter speed and aperture) are set automatically. In all these modes, you can set the ISO yourself, while in automatic mode (full automatic), manual sensitivity control is not available.

6. Which shooting mode do you choose? It has largely depended on what you want to shoot and what results you want to get. This topic is very extensive, so we will deal with it in another material. Here, I will discuss the phenomenon of automatic ISO and explain how to use it. In addition, we will discuss that slow shutter does not always destroy photos, what is RAW, what is white balance and how to control the brightness of the picture with the remote control.