New Zealand Island Politics in New Zealand Island

Implement British parliamentary democracy. The Queen of England is the head of State of New Zealand, and the Governor appointed by the Queen exercises the management power as its representative. The Executive Council, composed of the Governor and the Cabinet, is the highest administrative body by law. The cabinet holds real power and consists of the majority party in the parliament. Parliament has only the House of Representatives (*** 120 seats) and is elected by universal suffrage for a term of three years. There is no written constitution, and its constitution consists of a series of laws and amendments passed by the British Parliament and the New Zealand Parliament successively, as well as some decisions of the Privy Council. 1. The New Zealand Labour Party is now the ruling party. Established in 19 16. Trade unions and Maori are traditional supporters of the Labour Party. He has been in power many times. Ruling jointly with the Alliance Party. In August 2002, he was in power jointly with the Progressive Alliance Party. Leader helen elizabeth clark helen elizabeth clark. Chairman Mike Williams, Senior Supervisor David Benson.

2. The Progressive Party of the Progressive Alliance Party is now the ruling party. Anderton, the former leader of the New Zealand Coalition Party, was founded in April 2002. He holds two seats in Parliament, including constituency member 1 seat and non-constituency member 1 seat.

The New Zealand National Party is now the main opposition party. 1936 was formed by the merger of the Unity Party and the Reform Party. He has been in power many times. In July 2002, the general election was a fiasco, with only 27 seats, less than the previous parliament 12 seats. In June 5438 +2003 10, Don Blache, the financial affairs spokesman of the National Party, replaced english as the party leader.

4.NZ First Party 1993, the First Party of New Zealand, was founded in July. The main supporters are the elderly, small and medium-sized business owners, low-income voters and Maori. 199665438+In February, he was jointly in power with the National Party. 1In August 1998, the alliance with the National Party broke down and became the opposition party. Leader winston peters winston peters. In the August 2002 general election, the number of parliamentary seats increased from the previous five to 13.

5. The predecessor of 5.ACT New Zealand Act New Zealand was the Consumer and Taxpayer Association founded by Douglas, former finance minister of Labor Party. In June, it was renamed Action Party 1994 165438. The supporters are mainly big consortia and wealthy businessmen. Leader Rodney Hyde Rodney Sid.

6. The Green Party, formerly known as the Values Party, was founded in May 1972. 1990 in may, the value party and the green organization merged and changed their names. 199 1 Join the Alliance Party. 1997165438+10 In October, the Green Party announced that it would no longer participate in the general election as a member of the Coalition Party. Janet fitzsimmons, Janet fitzsimmons and Rod Donald are co-leaders.

7. The United Future New Zealand Party, the predecessor of New Zealand United Future New Zealand Party, was established in June 1995. In June 2000, 165438+ 10 merged with the future New Zealand Party and other political parties, and changed its name to its present name. In the 2002 general election, the number of seats of the party increased from 1 to 9. Leader Peter Dunn. Peter Dunn.

8. Other political parties include: Pacific Spirit Party Mauri Pacific, Conservative Party, Democratic Party and Christian Tradition Party. diplomacy

The fundamental purpose of foreign policy is to safeguard world peace, especially peace in the Pacific region, thus safeguarding New Zealand's sovereignty and security. Promote New Zealand's economic prosperity and economic and trade relations with other countries. Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry products are mainly processed, mainly including dairy products, blankets, food, leather, tobacco, paper making and wood processing, and products are mainly exported. In the past 20 years, some heavy industries, such as steelmaking, oil refining, aluminum smelting and agricultural aircraft manufacturing, have been established one after another.

Agriculture is highly mechanized. The main crops are wheat, barley, oats and fruits. Food is not self-sufficient and needs to be imported from Australia. In June 2003, the annual output of main crops was: 320,500 tons of wheat, 378,300 tons of barley, 35,000 tons of oats and 6,543,800 tons of corn. In 2003, vineyard cultivation was the fastest growing agricultural product, with a total area of 19 170 hectares, an increase of 10% over the same period of last year. The export of horticultural products increased from S $200 million 20 years ago to S $265.438 billion in 2003. (Source: Statistics New Zealand) Education

This is not compulsory education, but care for preschool children. Early childhood education services include kindergartens, nurseries, amusement centers, family day care centers, child care centers and community amusement parks. Kindergarten (week) 5.00- 10.00 $ In New Zealand, children aged 6- 16 must receive compulsory education in primary, middle and high schools. There are 660,000 primary and secondary school students in China, and there are more than 2,800 primary and secondary schools in China. The government invests NZ $2 billion annually in primary and secondary education. Most children in New Zealand start school at the age of five. /kloc-free public schools (funded by the government) before the age of 0/9, and the age of students receiving special education (with disabilities, learning and behavioral disorders) is extended to 2 1 year. Public schools are funded by the New Zealand government and spread all over New Zealand.

Each academic year is divided into four semesters, usually from the end of January to the beginning of April, the second from the end of April to the end of June, the third from the middle of July to the end of September, and the fourth from the middle of October to the middle of December (or early December). There are two to three weeks' holidays between semesters. Residents have the right to have their children registered in any public school they like, but most of them go to schools near their homes.

In New Zealand, primary school lasts for five years, including three years in junior high school, two years in senior high school and seven years in senior high school, including five years in junior high school and two years in senior high school. The curriculum is almost unified throughout the country, including English, mathematics, science, sociology, art, music, physical education, and some elective courses.

Public schools do not charge tuition fees, but students may still have to pay some extra fees, such as uniforms, sportswear, textbooks, stationery and so on. Public primary schools usually don't wear school uniforms, while most junior high schools and high schools wear school uniforms. Parents need to provide their own lunches for their children.

There are private schools in primary schools, junior high schools and high schools. These schools can get some funds from the government, but they have to charge tuition.

Middle school subjects: accounting, home economics, textile, clothing and design, history, biology, agriculture and animal husbandry, art, human biology, chemistry, typing and information management, business, Japanese, computer, mathematics, classics, law, economics, music, drama, communication, French, sports, English, photography and German. Students who have completed high school can continue to receive higher education and training, which can be conducted in polytechnics, colleges of education, universities and private training institutions. Students need to pay for their higher education.

About 800 private training institutions offer a variety of learning programs, some of which can be certified by the state.

There are 25 polytechnics in New Zealand, all of which belong to the New Zealand government. These polytechnics offer internationally recognized full-time, half-day, evening or weekend courses, including business, design, technology, hairdressing, architecture, nursing and journalism. The study time varies from one year to three years. The certificates and diplomas of these polytechnics are recognized all over the world. Besides certificates and diplomas, some polytechnics can also offer degree courses. (Also called Teachers' College) There are five ways to train people to be teachers in early childhood education and primary and secondary schools.

There are eight universities in New Zealand, all of which are public universities. For a country with a population of just over 4 million, the proportion is quite high. These eight universities offer courses in art, science, business and other professional fields. In addition to bachelor's degree courses, most universities offer master's and doctoral courses, and the degrees awarded by New Zealand universities are recognized all over the world.

Name and location of New Zealand University

University of Auckland at Auckland

Auckland University of Technology, Auckland

Victoria University of Wellington-Wellington

Macy's University Wellington Macy's University

University of Canterbury at Canterbury

Lincoln University Lincoln University Canterbury

Otago-Dunedin University

University of Waikato University of Waikato

Tuition (NZD) University Tuition/Year

Agriculture: 14000 to 18500, engineering: 16000 to 17500, liberal arts: 10000 to 15000, business.

Polytechnic tuition/year

Business: 9000 rpm 12500 SGD, medicine: 9000 rpm 15000 SGD, engineering: 9800 rpm 15000 SGD, science: 10950 rpm145000 SGD.

The cost of living and accommodation varies according to the city and living environment, and generally ranges from 9000 to 1 1000 Singapore dollars per year (1 Singapore dollars =5.8 yuan RMB).

Postgraduates mainly study courses, and they can get graduate diplomas or master's degrees after accumulating certain credits. As long as they have a good university graduation background (all regular universities in China can graduate) and a good English level, it is not difficult to enroll in postgraduate courses. Another outstanding advantage of this course is that you can choose interdisciplinary courses, such as a science and engineering or liberal arts university graduate, or you can switch to business. However, graduate students who focus on project research must engage in a lot of research and submit high-level papers in order to obtain a master's or doctoral degree. Diploma courses generally take one to one and a half years, master courses generally take one and a half to two years, and doctoral courses take two to three years. In order to help students with poor economic conditions complete their studies, the government has formulated a student loan policy, so that students can get enough loans from the government to pay tuition and fees and students' daily living allowance. Of course, the applicant must be a New Zealand citizen or have a New Zealand permanent visa, in which the student allowance does not need to be returned, and the student loan will be gradually repaid to the government according to the amount of income after the student graduates to find a job.