The Development of Science Education Films

Shortly after the invention of the film, some scientists took pictures of some animals' body movements, heartbeats, digestive processes and male-female mating with cameras. At first, it was just a record of fragments, and later it developed into a complete film. 1906 G. Mei Li 'ai divides movie scenes into four categories, one of which is science films. Educational films originated very early. 19 19, a company shooting educational films was established in the United States to make non-entertainment films for schools. Although the company changed jobs and then stopped production, the filming of educational films in the United States did not stop.

J. Ben Levi of France played an important role in the development of science and education films. He shot his first science and education film Octopus on 1928, and then he shot Parasitic Crab and Sea Hedgehog. He founded the science film Institute on 1930, and has been engaged in the shooting and research of science and education films ever since. His film "The Transfer of Amoeba Nuclei" takes a very clear and vivid picture of cell activity by microphotography, which is regarded as a masterpiece in the history of science and education films and is still often reflected in international science film activities.

After World War II, science and education films were paid attention to in countries with more developed economy and education, and the output increased sharply. Educational films from America and Japan spread to schools at all levels. There are 150 enterprises in Japan that produce science films, educational films and other short films, and more than 1000 science films, educational films and news documentaries are produced every year. These enterprises have their own characteristics, for example, some are good at shooting marine life, and some specialize in shooting medical or animal content.

There are three studios specializing in making science and education films in the Soviet Union, all of which have a certain scale, complete personnel and equipment, with an annual output of about 1 1,000 films. Movies made by the Soviet Union, such as Cosmos, Seeing the Light Again, and The Origin of Life, were translated into Chinese and shown all over China. On the Arctic Ocean and in the desert of Central Asia, films such as The Story of the Forest directed by Soviet A. Zguliki show animals growing in different environments, and have made outstanding achievements and won many international awards.

1947 the international science film association was established. The annual meeting held in Mexico from 65438 to 0984 was the 37th. It has 27 member countries. When this association holds its annual meeting, it often holds science film festivals and selects excellent films.

Some countries have also held special international science and education film festivals, such as the West Berlin International Agricultural Film Festival in the Federal Republic of Germany and the International Medical Film Festival in Italy. France, Yugoslavia and Poland have also held international science and technology film festivals or international short film festivals. 1987 international science and education film screening was also held in Beijing.

The vast majority of science and education films in various countries are made of 16 mm film. This is convenient for shooting and displaying in a small area. There are also some scientific research films and educational films made of 8 mm film, and only a few scientific and educational films suitable for large-scale or cinema screening are printed with 35 mm copies.

China began to make science and education films in 19 18. At that time, the Film and Drama Department of the Commercial Press filmed several educational films, such as Education for Blind Children, Mosquitoes and Flies, and Silkworm Breeding. In 1930s, the number of units producing science and education films increased slightly. Nanjing Jinling University has produced martial arts, pottery, instant soy sauce and Yellow River culture. China Education Film Society, founded by Daxia University, filmed the competition and scientifically raised chickens. The Department of Audio-visual Education of Nanjing Central University filmed a short teaching film. The China Educational Film Association has also produced some educational films about biology, physics and chemistry. In the early 1940s, China Education Film Studio was established in Chongqing, and produced films such as Family Sideline and Sunshine and Health.

The developing film industry in People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) has long noticed the production of science and education films. 1948 northeast film studio filmed the first science and education film "prevention of plague" 195 1 year, Beijing film studio filmed three scientific and educational films, including Rural Health. From 65438 to 0952, the Film Bureau of the Central Ministry of Culture decided to set up an educational film group, which was the earliest institution established after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). 1953 In February, based on the Education Film Group, the Science and Education Film Studio of the Film Bureau of the Central Ministry of Culture was formally established in Shanghai (later renamed Shanghai Science and Education Film Studio). 1960 March, Beijing Science and Education Film Studio was established. In addition, China Agricultural science film Studio, which belongs to the Ministry of Agriculture, has three studios specializing in making science and education films. Since then, many scientific research institutions, universities and film studios in various provinces and regions have also produced science and education films, totaling nearly 100. The number of science and education films produced in China each year is more than 500. In the course of nearly 40 years' development, China has produced many excellent science and education films and excellent creators. Take the best science and education films that won the Hundred Flowers Award and Golden Rooster Awards in previous popular movies as examples, including: Toad without Grandpa, Knowledge Old Man, Weasel, Life and protein-Synthetic Insulin, Bee Kingdom, Insect World-Body Structure and Function, Grey Magpie and so on.