Characteristics of opening ceremonies of previous Olympic Games

General situation of the first Olympic Games

The first Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece from April 6th to June 5th, 1896.

Code retention.

1894 In June, at the International Sports Conference held in Paris, France, the International Olympic Committee was established and decided to hold it in Greece. It was originally planned to be held in Olympia, the former site of the ancient Olympic Games. Because this place is in ruins and the construction project is huge, the venue of the competition was changed to Athens.

There are 3 1 1 male athletes from 13 countries in this competition. Among them, 230 are Greeks, and most foreign players signed up for the competition themselves. The competition consists of 9 major events and 45 minor events.

There were 80,000 spectators at the opening ceremony of this Olympic Games, and this figure was not broken until the 1932 Olympic Games.

The award ceremony was held on the closing day. Starting from this session, it is stipulated that the national flag and national anthem of the country where the winning athletes are located should be raised when awarding prizes.

In this Olympic Games, commemorative stamps were issued for the first time.

The Qing government in China received an invitation from the International Olympic Committee, but did not send anyone to participate.

In order to commemorate the heroic sacrifice of the Athenian army in the Marathon Valley in 490 BC, and to spread the news of victory to Fidipide in Athens quickly, French linguist brea's suggestion that marathon should be included in the competition was adopted.

In the most eye-catching men's marathon in this Olympic Games, the Greek shepherd Louis Constantine lived up to expectations. When he was the first to run into the stadium, the Greek Crown Prince Constantine rushed down from the stands to accompany him to finish the last lap.

General situation of the second Olympic Games

The second Olympic Games was held in Paris, France, from May 20th to October 28th of 10/0/900.

After the victory of the first Olympic Games, Greek officials wanted to use Athens as the permanent venue of the Olympic Games, but they were opposed because it violated the rule that each Olympic Games should be held in different countries. Because Coubertin, a Frenchman, made great contributions to the restoration of the modern Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee set the venue for the competition in Paris, France.

There are 1330 athletes from 22 countries, including 1 1 female athletes (tennis and golf only). The host country, France, had 884 contestants and won 26 gold medals and 36 silver medals, with the best results. The United States ranks second.

There are 60 events in the competition.

All the records set by the first Olympic Games were broken in this Olympic Games.

General situation of the third Olympic Games

The third Olympic Games was held in St. Louis, USA from July 1904 to1October 23rd.

The venue of this Olympic Games has been changed again and again. Baron Coubertin chose new york, and the International Olympic Committee took a fancy to Chicago. Finally, it was decided by American President Roosevelt and hosted by St. Louis. 1902, the international Olympic Committee meeting agreed to GM in the United States.

The rule of this system.

There are 625 athletes from 12 countries (533 from the United States), including 8 female athletes. There are 87 events in the competition.

Some European countries didn't attend because of the vast ocean and high travel expenses. Even teams from Britain, Germany, Australia, Hungary, Switzerland and Greece sent only 39 athletes. This is the least number of European countries and people in the history of the Olympic Games. The situation in other countries is similar.

Only the United States participated in individual events (such as cycling) in this Olympic Games. Therefore, when counting achievements, some countries are included, while others are not. In addition, some foreigners studying or working in the United States also took part in the competition. In the past, foreign books and periodicals regarded them as Americans, but now they are corrected according to their actual nationality.

In addition to men's boxing, this Olympic Games also set up women's boxing. In addition, there are new events such as baseball and water polo.

General situation of the fourth Olympic Games

The 4th Olympic Games was held in London, England from April 27th to October 3rd 1908.

Berlin, Milan and Rome also applied for hosting the Olympic Games. Rome was originally chosen, but 1906 was abstained due to financial problems, so it was hosted by London instead.

There are 2034 athletes from 22 countries, including 36 female athletes. The number of athletes is almost equal to the sum of the previous three sessions.

The competition consists of 1 10 events.

London Olympic Games has made great contributions to the regularization of various competition systems of the Olympic Games.

In this marathon, because members of the British royal family want to watch the race, the organizing committee will arrange the route between Windsor Palace and the Olympic Stadium, with a total length of 26 miles and 385 yards, or 42.438+095 kilometers. This is also the origin of today's marathon running standard distance.

For the first time, this sports meeting officially awarded gold medals to the winners.

After the Olympic Games, the statistics of national awards were released for the first time.

Due to historical reasons, the organizers refused to raise the Irish flag in this Olympic Games. British referees and other law enforcers made it easy for the host country to pass the test. In the end, British players won 145 medals, including 56 gold medals, more than double the total number of medals of the second-ranked American team in the medal list.

The most striking thing about this Olympic Games is Italian marathon runner Dorlando petrie. Near the finish line, he was exhausted, fell to the same place several times and was finally helped to cross the finish line. At first, the organizing committee decided that he was the Olympic gold medal winner, but his gold medal was cancelled under the strong protest of the United States.

General situation of the fifth Olympic Games

The 5th Olympic Games was held in Stockholm, Sweden from May 5th to July 22nd.

There are 2547 athletes from 28 countries participating in the competition. In ...

There are 57 female players.

The Swedish royal family didn't want to see violent boxing, so they canceled the boxing competition in this Olympic Games.

In this Olympic Games, the outstanding athlete was American Indian jim thorpe, who won the pentathlon and decathlon. Later, because American racists discriminated against people of color, Thorpe was framed for violating the "amateur" rule and was not eligible for the gold medal. 19 13 The International Olympic Committee accepted the accusation of the US Olympic Committee and deprived Thorpe of his honor. The IOC decided to restore Thorpe's reputation and return his gold medal. Clarified a case of injustice for more than 70 years.

Electronic timer and broadcasting system were adopted for the first time in this sports meeting.

During the sports meeting, a literary competition was held for the first time. Coubertin published his masterpiece Ode to Sports under the pen names of herold and Eichbach, and won the gold medal in the literary competition.

During the meeting, the International Amateur Athletics Federation was established.

The Fifth Olympic Games was cancelled due to the First World War.

General situation of the seventh Olympic Games

The 7th Olympic Games was held in Antwerp, Belgium from April 20th to September 20th. 1920. Budapest, Hungary and Lyon, France also applied for hosting the Olympic Games.

There are 2607 athletes from 29 countries, including 64 women. According to the resolution of the International Olympic Committee, Germany and its allies Austria, Hungary and Turkey were refused to participate in the First World War.

The flag of the International Olympic Committee was raised for the first time in this Olympic Games. This flag was designed according to the idea of Coubertin 19 13. During the Olympic Games, the Belgian Olympic Committee presented the same pennant to the International Olympic Committee, which later became the official flag of the International Olympic Committee.

For the first time, the excellent athletes of the host country took the oath for the athletes. The oath is as follows: "On behalf of all athletes, I swear that for the honor of sports and the honor of our team, we will participate in this Olympic Games with true sportsmanship, respect and abide by the rules."

Summary of the Ninth Olympic Games

The 9th Olympic Games was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands from May 1928 to August 12.

The Netherlands bid for more than ten years and finally held the Olympic Games as expected. There are several innovations in this Olympic Games, such as the large-scale achievement exhibition board, the opening ceremony and the dove of peace, and the 400-meter track and field runway, which have become models for future Olympic Games.

When Coubertin retired on 1925, he finally emphasized the "amateur" spirit of the Olympics. He thinks professionalism is the enemy of sports. Valle latour, a Belgian who succeeded Coubertin as the new president, presided over the Olympic Games.

30 14 athletes from 46 countries, including 290 female athletes. China sent an observer to attend.

During the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee passed a resolution advising international sports organizations not to hold individual world championships in the Olympic year.

This Olympic Games is the first time to include women's track and field events, but there are only five events:100m, 800m, 400m relay, high jump and discus.

There is no shooting competition in this Olympic Games.

The American team was led by MacArthur, president of the American Olympic Committee, who later became an important American general in World War II.

Prince Ole of Norway won the sailing championship, which is the first time that the royal family won the Olympic champion. He later succeeded in becoming king of Norway.

Mikio Oda of Japan won the men's triple jump and became Japan's first Olympic champion.

Summary of the 10th Olympic Games

The 10th Olympic Games was held in Los Angeles, USA from July 30th to August 60th. 1932.

There are 1048 athletes from 37 countries, including 127 women. Like the 1904 St. Louis Olympic Games, the number of athletes participating in this event has obviously decreased due to the cost problem.

China sent a three-member delegation for the first time, but only one athlete, Liu Changchun, lost in the 100 meter and 200m heats.

Organizers built 1 stadium, 155000 seats, and built an Olympic village 20 kilometers away from the city center to accommodate athletes. This is a pioneering work in Olympic history. In view of this experience, the International Olympic Committee clearly stipulates in the Olympic Charter that the host country must build the Olympic Village.

During the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee decided to stipulate the number of athletes from all countries participating in each event in the future.

This Games * * * broke 16 world records, tied two world records and rewrote 33 Olympic records. Japanese athletes have made outstanding achievements in swimming, and * * * won five championships, among which 14-year-old middle school student Kitamura won the men's1500m freestyle championship with a score of 19 12.4 seconds, which broke the Olympic record only 20 years ago.

Overview of the 1 1 Olympic Games

The 11th Olympic Games was held in Berlin, Germany from August 1936 to June 16.

Previously, other cities that applied for hosting the Olympic Games included Alexandria in Egypt, Barcelona in Spain, Budapest in Hungary, Buenos Aires in Argentina, Dublin in Ireland, Rome in Italy, Helsinki in Finland and three other cities in Germany: Cologne, Nuremberg and Frankfurt.

1932, the international Olympic Committee announced that it chose Berlin, but it was opposed by many countries. 1934, the IOC meeting still insisted on the original proposal. 1936 In June, some countries held a conference in Paris to defend the Olympic ideal, opposed holding the 1 1 Olympic Games in Hitler's Germany, and called on athletes from all countries to go to Barcelona to participate in the People's Olympic Games. Later, due to the destruction of Spanish fascism, the Barcelona meeting was not held. After 20 years, the International Olympic Committee is commemorating the 60th anniversary of the Olympic Movement.

Published in the no.44 bulletin, I have to admit my original mistake.

There are 4066 athletes from 49 countries, including 328 female athletes.

China sent a sports delegation, a martial arts performance team and a study group composed of more than 60 people.

At the opening ceremony of this Olympic Games, all the teams attended the Nazi ceremony, and only Britain and the United States paid attention to it.

The 12 and 13 Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War II.

Overview of the14th Olympic Games

The 14th Olympic Games was held in London, England from July 29th to August 1948.

This is the first Olympic Games held after the interruption of World War II 12 years. London was once designated as the venue of the 13 Olympic Games, but it was closed because the war was still going on at that time (1944), so it was selected as the host again this year.

A total of 4099 athletes from 59 countries and regions participated in the competition, including 385 female athletes. China took part in the sports meeting. Germany, Japan and other countries were not allowed to participate in World War II as required. At that time, the host failed to add many new sports facilities because the economy did not recover quickly after World War II. Due to the influence of the war on sports in various countries, some talented athletes are older and young athletes have not received systematic training, so the overall level is not high, and only four world records have been broken.

Overview of the15th Olympic Games

The 15th Olympic Games was held in Helsinki, Finland from July 1952 to August 3.

Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Stockholm in Sweden, Lausanne in Switzerland, Athens in Greece and four cities in the United States: Detroit, Minneapolis, Philadelphia and Chicago.

Japan, which originally hosted the 1940 Olympic Games, launched a war of aggression against China, so the International Olympic Committee decided to change the venue from Tokyo to Helsinki. So as early as 1940 years ago, Helsinki had already begun to prepare for the Olympic Games. But this time I didn't do it, because the war is still going on. It is for the above reasons that the IOC changed the venue of this session to Helsinki.

There are 4,925 athletes from 69 countries and regions, including 5 18 women.

China was invited to participate in the competition, but his trip was blocked because some leaders of the International Olympic Committee created "two China" at that time, so he only participated in the men's backstroke preliminary round.

The Soviet Union also participated in the Olympic Games for the first time after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Overview of the16th Olympic Games

1956 165438+ was held in Melbourne, Australia from October 22nd to February 8th. Buenos Aires, Argentina, Mexico City, Mexico, Montreal, Canada and six American cities: Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Chicago, Philadelphia and San Francisco. The Olympic Games are actually held at different times and places. Due to the restriction of Australian livestock entry regulations, the equestrian events were held in Stockholm instead of June 1 1 to June 16. This is at the Olympic Games.

This is the only time in the history of the conference.

There are 3 184 athletes from 67 countries and regions participating in the Melbourne Olympic Games, including 37 1 women, and there are 158 athletes from 29 countries and regions participating in the Stockholm equestrian competition, including 13 women.

Overview of the17th Olympic Games

1960 was held in Rome, Italy on August 25th, July 1 1. Previously, Athens, Greece, Brussels, Hungary, Budapest, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Lausanne, Switzerland, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Tokyo, Mexico City, Mexico, and Detroit, Los Angeles and Ming in the United States.

Niapolis, new york, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Chicago.

A total of 5348 athletes from 84 countries and regions participated in the competition, including 6 10 female athletes. This is the largest number of participants since the first Olympic Games in 1896. Due to the large number of people,

Therefore, some athletes can't attend the entrance ceremony of the opening ceremony, so they can only sit in the stands and watch.

At the beginning of this Olympic Games, only some athletes, such as marathon runners, were tested for doping. Later, due to the sudden death of a cyclist, it was proved by autopsy that it was caused by stimulants. Therefore, in the future Olympic Games, this inspection work has been strengthened.

Summary of the19th Olympic Games

1968101October 12 to 27, Mexico city, Mexico. Buenos Aires, Argentina, Detroit, USA and Lyon, France have all applied for hosting the Olympic Games before.

There are 553 athletes from 1 12 countries and regions, including 78 female athletes.

After World War II, Germany was divided into East Germany and West Germany. 1952, the Federal Republic of Germany and China began to participate in the Olympic Games. 1956, two Germans negotiated to form a United team and participated in the three Olympic Games: 1956, 1960 and 1964. In this Olympic Games, the United front was dissolved, and the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany participated in each team.

1968 In February, the International Olympic Committee held a meeting and passed a resolution allowing South Africa to participate in the Olympic Games. Later, due to the opposition of most countries, this resolution was invalid.

Mexico City is 2400 meters above sea level. How do athletes react to this kind of plateau competition? Attracted the attention of non-medical workers and came here to do research. The plateau climate is conducive to explosive events, such as the new world records of men's 400 meters and long jump, which have not been broken for more than ten years, which is rare in the history of the Olympic Games.

General situation of the 20th Olympic Games

1972 was held in Munich, Germany from August 26th to September 1 1. Detroit, Spain, Madrid and Montreal, Canada also applied to host the Olympic Games.

7 147 athletes from 12 1 countries and regions participated in the competition, including 1070 female athletes.

Electronic equipment has been widely used in this Olympic Games. The results of track and field, swimming and other events are calculated in hundredths of a second for the first time. The conference also quickly reported the results of the competition.

During the Games, the International Olympic Committee passed a resolution to add or delete events. Women's events such as basketball and rowing have been added, while some underdeveloped events such as tandem cycling have been subtracted.

Killanin succeeded brundage as the president of the International Olympic Committee in this Olympic Games.

Overview of the 2nd1Olympic Games

1 976 July1July-August1held in Montreal, Canada. Previously, the cities that applied for hosting the Olympic Games included Los Angeles in the United States, Moscow in the Soviet Union and Florence in Italy.

Before the Olympic Games, due to the economic depression in Canada and the long-term strike of construction workers, the construction of sports facilities for hosting the Olympic Games was slow. So in 1975, the sports community suggested that it be held elsewhere. However, some problems were solved properly, and the International Olympic Committee was still held in the city as originally proposed.

There are 6 189 athletes from 88 countries and regions, including 274 female athletes. In order to protest New Zealand's participation in the Olympic Games, more than 20 African countries have withdrawn from the competition, which has greatly reduced the number of participating countries in this Olympic Games compared with the previous two. More than 7,800 journalists covered the meeting, which exceeded the number of athletes.

The Olympic flame was first lit from Greece by modern technology-laser, then transmitted to Ottawa, Canada by satellite, and finally to the main venue by relay running.

General situation of the 22nd Olympic Games

This Olympic Games was held in Moscow, Soviet Union from July 1980 to August 3.

Los Angeles also applied to host this Olympic Games. 1974 10 10 In October, the 75th meeting of the International Olympic Committee decided to choose Moscow as the venue.

There are 5872 athletes from 8/kloc-0 countries and regions, including 247 women athletes. As the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, China and some other countries boycotted it. This Olympic Games is the one with the least number of participating countries in the past two decades.

1976 The practice of using modern technology to relay the Olympic flame in Montreal Olympic Games was later criticized, and the torch relay mode was resumed this year.

During the Olympic Games, IOC President killanin stepped down and was replaced by Spaniard Samaranch.

General situation of the 23rd Olympic Games

The 23rd Olympic Games was held in Los Angeles from July 28th to August 28th. 1984.

A total of 76 16 male and female athletes from 140 countries and regions participated in the competition, and 2 1 major events and 22 1 individual events were held. The number of participating units and athletes and the number of individual events are unprecedented in the history of the Olympic Games.

The sports meeting broke the world record of 1 1 (track and field 1, swimming 10, flat shooting 1), the least since the Olympic Games.

For the first time, China sent a large delegation to participate in 16 events of this Olympic Games. Won 15 gold medals, 8 silver medals and 9 bronze medals. The number of gold medals ranks fourth after the United States, Romania and the Federal Republic of Germany.

General situation of the 24th Olympic Games

The 24th Olympic Games was held in Seoul, Korea from September 1988 to October 1712.

A total of 8465 male and female athletes from 159 countries and regions participated in the competition, and 237 individual events in 23 major events were held.

The countries that won the most gold medals were: 55 from the Soviet Union, 37 from the Democratic Republic of Germany and 36 from the United States. China won five gold medals.

General situation of the 25th Olympic Games

The 25th Olympic Games was held in Barcelona, Spain from July 25th to August 9th. 1992.

* * * A total of 9364 male and female athletes from 170 countries and regions participated in this Olympic Games, and they competed in 257 individual events in 25 major events. The countries that won the most gold medals were: 45 in CIS, 37 in USA and 33 in Germany. China won 16 gold medals, ranking fourth in the number of gold medals.

General situation of the 26th Olympic Games

The 26th Olympic Games was held in Atlanta, USA from July 6th to August 4th, 1996.

There will be 37 major events and 27 1 individual events in this Olympic Games. Softball has been added to this Olympic Games.

According to the information provided by the Organizing Committee, there are 197 delegations and 10700 athletes (including 3779 female athletes) participating in this competition. Journalists 15000, volunteers 42500, sponsors 129 16 and arbitrators 5000. * * *, 604 gold medals, 604 silver medals and 630 bronze medals, of which track and field is the event with the most gold medals, with 44 gold medals and 3 swimming. It is estimated that 1 1 ten thousand tickets will be sold in various competitions, and the number of people attending the opening and closing ceremonies will reach.

During the Olympic Games, the flame height of the main stadium was 39.6 meters after the torch was lit.

General situation of the 27th Olympic Games

From September 15 to 10/day, 2000, more than 11000 athletes from 200 delegations around the world participated in the last Olympic Games of the 20th century-the 27th Olympic Games held in Sydney, Australia, with 28 sports. The number of events is the highest in previous Olympic Games. Encouraged by the Olympic spirit, they challenged the physiological limits of human beings and showed a high level of competition. * * * Created 34 world records, 77 Olympic records and 3 Olympic best results.

New changes have taken place in the competition pattern of this Olympic Games. The American delegation still leads with 39 gold medals, 25 silver medals and 33 bronze medals. Russia still showed strong overall strength, winning 32 gold, 28 silver and 28 bronze, and staying in the first group. Germany, which has been ranked in the top three Olympic gold medals since 1972, has fallen sharply this time, ranking fifth with 14 gold, 17 silver and 26 bronze. Host Australia ranked fourth with 16 gold, 25 silver and 17 copper, with remarkable progress.

China sports delegation won 28 gold medals, 16 silver medals and 15 bronze medals in Sydney Olympic Games, ranking third in both the gold medal list and the medal list. China entered the top three in the Olympic gold medal list for the first time and made a historic breakthrough. China athletes * * * 3 people set 8 world records with 12 times, and 6 people set 1 1 Olympic records with1times. Compared with the previous four Olympic Games, their achievements have been greatly improved, setting a record for the number of gold medals and medals in previous Olympic Games. The excellent performance of China's elite athletes is a new contribution to the Olympic Movement and a great encouragement to the people of the motherland.

Samaranch, president of the International Olympic Committee, who hosted the Olympic Games for the last time, called this Olympic Games "the best ever". The host made fruitful efforts in the aspects of venue construction, competition organization and drug inspection, and achieved satisfactory results. This Olympic Games is marked by "Green Olympics", which provides a beautiful external environment for the successful hosting of the Olympic Games and a new model for hosting the Olympic Games in the future.

This Olympic Games is considered to be a grand gathering of understanding and integration: North and South Korean athletes who have been facing each other for more than 40 years have come together under the guidance of a flag painted with the pattern of the Korean Peninsula; The United Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is in a hostile state, teamed up to participate in the competition; East Timorese athletes finally found their place in the Olympic family and came to Sydney with the Olympic five-ring flag.

General situation of the 28th Summer Olympic Games

The 28th Summer Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece from August 6 to 29, 2004.

Greece, the birthplace of the Olympic Movement and the venue of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, once bid for two Olympic Games in 1996 and 2000, but both failed. Especially for the 26th Olympic Games in 1996, Athens, which is full of ambition, wants to win the right to host the Games and celebrate the100th anniversary of the founding of the modern Olympic Games with the local Olympic Games, and is full of confidence in its bid. But unexpectedly, Atlanta, USA, broke out halfway and snatched the right to host the Olympic Games. This failure made the Greeks angry. Athens bid for the 2004 Olympic Games for the third time in a row.

With the increasing popularity of the Olympic movement and the increasing commercial benefits brought by hosting the Olympic Games, more and more countries have expressed their interest in hosting the Olympic Games. This Olympic bid is no exception. 65,438+00 cities around the world have formally applied. In addition to Athens, the final five cities are Buenos Aires, Argentina, Cape Town, South Africa's legislative capital, Rome, Italy and Stockholm, Sweden. 1On September 5th, 1997, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) held in Lausanne, Switzerland voted to win the right to host the Olympic Games in Athens. After 108, the Olympic Games finally returned to its hometown of Greece.

Although Greece won the hard-won right to host the Olympic Games, their preparations were very slow. In 2000, the International Olympic Committee considered changing the venue of this Olympic Games. Since then, the Greek organizers have stepped up their work. On the eve of the Olympic Games, they finally managed to complete the preparatory work so that the Olympic Games can proceed smoothly. However, due to the lack of time to build the roof of the swimming stadium, the athletes participating in the afternoon can only stand the test of the hot sun and summer heat. Good in the semi-finals, finals and other most important games are arranged in the night when the water temperature and temperature are relatively low, so that athletes can play their highest level in the most important games.

The architecture of some venues of the Athens Olympic Games has not only been praised by people, but what is even more admirable is that Athens has incomparable advantages over any other city. The men's and women's shot put competitions in the track and field events of this Games were held in the ancient Olympia Stadium, which made people relive the sacredness and glory of the ancient Olympic Games. Panathinaike Stadium, which hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, has been rearranged to host the archery and marathon competitions of this tournament. 1896 The Kaji Stadium in carles, which was once the venue for cycling competition in the first modern Olympic Games, has been transformed into the venue for men's and women's football competitions this year. The route of the marathon is completely the original route that the legendary Greek warrior Filipi Dis ran when he delivered the message in 490 BC.

Basic information:

* * * A total of 1 1099 athletes (including female athletes and male athletes) from 20 1 member associations of the International Olympic Committee participated in 30 1 events in 28 sports. Compared with Sydney Olympic Games, boxing has increased by 1 event, men's wrestling and women's foil team events have increased by 2 events, and women's wrestling and women's sabre individual events have increased by 4 events. A total of 265,438+0,500 journalists covered the event, including 5,500 photographers/writers and 65,438+0,600 broadcasters. * * * Recruit 160000 volunteers.

Due to the rampant international terrorism in recent years, the Athens Olympic Games has further strengthened security work, and the organizing committee has used 45,000 security personnel. The personnel involved in security work include police, army, coast guard, fire brigade, private bodyguards and specially trained volunteers. Despite the extremely strict security measures, the ticket sales of the conference are still unsatisfactory. Until the official opening of the 13 competition in August, less than half of all 5.2 million tickets were sold. In the first few days after the Olympic Games, there were thousands of seats in the stands of many events. However, this situation soon improved, especially in the track and field competition at night, where the stands accommodating 70,000 people were packed. In the last week of the meeting, the venues for other activities were almost packed.