20 14 composition topic prediction and thinking guidance for senior high school entrance examination: environmental chapter

Phonetic category

celebrity quote

1. What the earth gives to all people is the essence of material, but what it finally gets from people is the garbage of these materials. whitman

The earth provides enough to meet everyone's needs, but not enough to fill everyone's desires. Gandhi

Nature is a kind mother and a cruel butcher. Hugo

If you want to live a safe life, you must have five essentials: first, purify the air; Second, we must clarify drinking water; Third, we should recycle ditches; Fourth, clean the house; Fifth, there should be enough sunshine. -Nightingale

We should not be intoxicated with our victory over nature, because every such victory will naturally retaliate against us. -Engels

6. Because of our invasion of nature, we have destroyed the beauty of natural landscape, natural dynamic beauty and natural beauty. Norman? Cousins/cousins

7. Man's law and land, land and heaven, heaven and law and morality, Tao and law are natural. -Lao Tzu

8. After staying in a cage for a long time, I returned to nature. -Tao Yuanming

9. Pitching the universe, what if you are unhappy? -Tao Yuanming

10. What's in the mountains? There are many white clouds on Cen Mountain, so I can only be complacent. I can't bear to send a letter to Jun, "Ask what's going on in the mountain" and write a poem to answer. —— Tao Hongjing

1 1. The barn is full of mice and birds, and the grass is full of rabbits and foxes. -Bao Zheng

12. Only by obeying nature can we overcome nature. -Darwin

13. Water, mountains and scenery are close to people and endless. -Li Qingzhao

14. People often treat the surrounding environment as a kind of free commodity, spoil it at will and don't know how to cherish it. Gan Harman

15. Every field of nature is wonderful. -Aristotle

16. Without a clean and beautiful environment, comfortable living conditions are meaningless. -Qu

17. Naturally, it will not be mixed with any human feelings. Those who resist will be kicked away, and those who obey will inherit their grace. -Nagaoka Kantaro

18. People just live according to the experience inspired by nature. -Schopenhauer

19. Nature will not deceive us, but it is often ourselves who deceive us. -Rousseau

Everything is a queue, and the universe is a queue with perfect pace. whitman

(b) punch lines

2 1. The moral expectation of human beings to the natural ecology must be related to their moral responsibility to the natural ecology, and an equivalent exchange mechanism must be established between human beings and the natural ecology to limit and eliminate the irresponsible evil behavior of human beings to the natural ecology and the expansion of selfish desires, and correct the serious disharmony between man and nature.

Zhang Liwen

22. Sustainable development is the development that not only meets the needs of contemporary people, but also does not damage the ability of future generations to meet needs.

-The definition of "sustainable development" by the World Commission on Environment and Development

23. Will humans kill Mother Earth or save her? If the growing technical force is abused, mankind will kill Mother Earth; If we overcome the unbridled greed that leads to self-destruction, human beings can make her return to youth, and human greed is making the great mother's fruit of life-all life creation, including human beings, pay the price. -Toynbee: Man and Mother Earth

24. We leave nothing but footprints; We take nothing with us except photography. Please leave a pure land for future generations.

-Environmental protection advertisement in Taiwan Province Forest Park.

25. Fresh water is used up-take it from the north and south poles, iceberg is used up-filter seawater, seawater is used up-? -Public service advertisements

26. Human beings are the "roots" of flowers, and the environment is the undeveloped "buds". Roots can produce beautiful flowers with hard work, and vice versa.

-the philosopher said.

27. Lu Xun: If you don't break out in pollution, you will die in pollution.

Pei Duofen: The environment is precious and the cost of governance is higher. If it is for profit, both can be thrown away.

-netizens broadcast renaming remarks to satirize the status quo of the environment.

28. Luo Guanzhong: The Yangtze River flows eastward, and "alkali" flowers are heroes. The pollution is still there, but there is no sunset.

-Ye Tan's thinking impression on environmental issues.

Case class

data

The Lost Garden of Eden —— The Destruction of Civilization in Two River Basins

The earliest case of land salinization leading to the decline of ancient civilization

Mesopotamia Plain, located in the two river basins, is one of the earliest cradles of human civilization. In this fertile land, the three major civilizations of the ancient world once flourished here. From 4000 BC to 2000 BC, Sumerians, Assyrians, Akkadians and Babylonians successively created a highly developed urban civilization here, which amazed the world. However, the birthplace of these ancient civilizations is now a barren land full of salt and alkali and quicksand.

On this issue, American Assyrian scientist Jacobson made an in-depth investigation on the cuneiform historical materials unearthed in West Asia. He found that the soil salinization in Mesopotamia has a long history, which began in the city-state of lagache in 2400 BC and soon developed to the Euphrates River. 1000 years later, salinization was further extended to Babylon. In 1950s, Professor Bloomwood of the University of Chicago organized a large-scale interdisciplinary archaeological excavation in Mo Ye, Iraq, with the participation of geologists, meteorologists, zoologists and botanists. The result is unbelievable. Bruwood wrote in the prehistoric survey of Iraqi Kurds:

Humans and their agriculture and animal husbandry are usually destructive, although no one wants to destroy it intentionally ... The whole plain that used to be the jungle and the foothills of Chem Camak Valley, now there are no bushes. The oak tree was cut down before it grew to 6 inches. Due to the disappearance of trees and shrubs, and the grassland is eaten up every spring, only grass roots are left, and a large amount of soil is lost and filled into rivers. ...

The environmental problems in the world are getting more and more serious, which not only does great harm to the earth, but also poses a serious threat to our survival.

[Applicable topic] This material can be used for topics such as "deterioration" or "protection" and "revenge".

Historical event

The "Dead Lake" Incident in North America

The northeastern United States and southeastern Canada are the most industrially developed areas in the western hemisphere, emitting more than 25 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere every year. Among them, about 3.8 million tons drifted from the United States to Canada, and more than 6.5438 million tons drifted from Canada to the United States. Since the 1970s, acid rain has appeared in a large area in these areas. Acid rain is more sour than tomato juice. There are dead fish floating in many lakes and ponds, and the trees around the lake wither.

In the process of modernization, we only sacrifice the environment to meet temporary needs. However, nature has suffered irreparable trauma.

[Applicable topic] The material can be a topic of "destruction" or "revenge".

Kubatang Death Valley Incident

Kubatang, 60 kilometers south of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was famous as the "Valley of Death" in the 1980s. Located in the valley, this city introduced more than 300 foreign-funded enterprises such as oil refining, petrochemical and ironmaking in the 1960s, and its population soared to 65.438+0.5 million, making it an industrial satellite city in S? o Paulo. Business owners only pay attention to making money and discharge waste gas and wastewater at will. The valley is full of smoke and smelly water, and 20% people have respiratory allergies. Hospitals are crowded with children and elderly people receiving oxygen treatment, which seriously affects more than 20 thousand slum dwellers.

Cadiz tanker incident

March 1978, 16, American 220,000-ton supertanker "Yamik? The Kadiz, full of Iranian crude oil, sailed for Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and sank off the coast of Brittany, France, leaking 224,000 tons of crude oil and polluting the 350-kilometer-long coastal zone. More than 9,000 tons of oysters and 20,000 tons of seabirds died alone. The loss of maritime affairs itself exceeds $6,543.8+billion, while the pollution loss and treatment cost reach more than $500 million, which is even more incalculable to the marine ecological environment in the polluted area.

The short-sightedness of human beings makes the environment worse and worse, and human beings get corresponding retribution. On the contrary, haste makes waste.

[Applicable topic] This material can be used for topics such as "harmonious coexistence" or "sustainable development".

fable

The well of the Millennium does not spit fast.

There is such an old story.

In ancient times, there was a small official somewhere in the south of China. One day, he received a business mission to deliver documents to the then capital. He rode on the road in a hurry. In the evening, he stayed in a hotel. There is a well in the hotel, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, with a faint sweetness. Drinking well water, the little official felt that the hardships of the journey were much relieved. This well has added many good memories to people who come from the south to the north. But this little official is a selfish man. When he left the hotel the next morning, he poured the leftover grass from the horse into the well. After a month or so, Xiao Guan came back from Beijing and came to this hotel again. When he arrived here, it was completely dark. After running all day, the little official felt tired and thirsty, so he drew water from the well to drink. Because it was dark, the water in the bucket could not be seen clearly. The little official was so thirsty that he drank water like a cow, so he drank a straw. Straw stuck in the throat of a small official, unable to swallow or spit out. Soon, the small official died. The straw fell into the well when he came last time.

In order to learn from the lessons of small officials, the ancients warned future generations: "The well of the Millennium should not be spurned. "This is to warn people to protect and care for the natural environment, or they will be retaliated by the natural environment.

[Applicable topic] This material can be used in the composition of revenge in nature.

Social Vientiane

The reasons for repeated pollution bans in China.

In the past 20 years, the domestic manufacturing industry can only tap the potential in two aspects: one is wages, and the other is environmental protection. The simplest, such as cement production, needs to increase the 8 yuan cost per ton of cement, accounting for 5% of the ex-factory price of cement. The textile industry discharges more than10 billion cubic meters of wastewater every year. If it is to be treated, it needs 1.2~ 1.8 yuan per ton. Increase the production cost by 5%. And most enterprises simply don't have that high profit rate. Therefore, we can only fight guerrilla warfare on environmental protection issues: either we don't build any wastewater treatment facilities, or we put sewage into the treatment pool during the day and discharge it into the river at night when no one is around, which can save a lot of money. In the disorderly competition in the market, this 5% cost. It often determines the profit and loss, life and death of an enterprise.

People harm our environment for a little profit, but it also warns that our economic development can no longer rely on labor-intensive and hand-made production technology to make profits. But to develop science and technology, improve productivity and reduce labor costs, so as to truly solve the problem of serious pollution in manufacturing industry.

[Applicable topic] This material can be used for topics such as "energy saving and consumption reduction" or "environmental pollution".

The Dilemma of Environmental Law Enforcement in China

There are two highs and one low in China's environmental protection law enforcement-high law-abiding cost, high law-enforcement cost and low illegal cost.

Under normal circumstances, the environmental protection department needs 500,000 yuan to collect evidence for an illegal smuggling incident, and the fine that eventually falls on the illegal enterprise is only 50,000 yuan, including the so-called "environmental storm" that is blowing fiercely.

Some mega-power station projects with investment of several billion yuan started construction without authorization in violation of the EIA, and the final fine was only 200,000 yuan. For a project with an investment of over 1 100 million yuan, the fine of 200,000 yuan is only 9 Niu Yi cents. How strong is this punishment for illegal activities? Therefore, the environmental protection law has always been called the "tofu law".

In fact, the main obstacle of EIA method is the economic benefits behind it.

The "black dragon" sweeping the northwest

1On the afternoon of May 5, 993, a strong sandstorm occurred in northwest China. At first, a sandstorm wall appeared in the northwest of Jinchang. Ten minutes later, the city was dusty, dark and opaque. From time to time there was dull thunder, and a terrible scene appeared between heaven and earth. This state lasted for nearly three hours in Jinchang, and swept eastward to Wuwei, Baiyin, Alashan League, Inner Mongolia, and Yinchuan, Ningxia, wreaking havoc in Fiona Fang for 500 kilometers. It lasted for five hours, hundreds of people were killed, injured and missing, and the direct economic loss was 540 million yuan, which also caused many environmental problems.

[Enlightenment] The reason why China's environmental governance falters may be precisely because of the strange economic interests. As can be seen from the above materials, environmental governance has a long way to go!

[Applicable topic] This material can be used for "protection" topics.

Second, the use of guidance.

1. Material inspiration:

Environmental problems are not only the problems of a country or a region, but also have developed into global problems. When an environmental problem occurs in a region, its influence will often greatly exceed that of the region. Some environmental problems even affect the survival and development of all mankind. For example, the destruction of the tropical rain forest in the Amazon basin will have an impact on the global climate; The increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere and the destruction of the ozone layer threaten all mankind.

"Environmental protection" is a hot topic in recent years. It can be written about people's destruction of the natural environment in development and construction, people's concern and love for nature, and the inseparable relationship between nature and human beings. Writing this topic is easy to make mistakes, too vague and not specific. Therefore, the starting point must be small to reflect the theme.

2. Theme application:

It can be applied to topics such as "environmental protection" or "environmental deterioration" and "revenge of nature".

3. Show the real question:

There is a rose in the garden and a frog beside it. Rose thought the frog was ugly and drove it away. But a few days later, the frog came to the garden again and found that the rose had withered. It turns out that roses lose their protection without frogs swallowing pests.

Write an article on the topic "Let life be closer to life".

(b) Write as required.

The mountains, rivers and plants in nature make us linger; The wonderful world in literary works fascinates us. The local customs and rich humanistic connotation of my hometown are worth knowing; After class, playing chess, calligraphy and painting, endless fun of life is worth remembering. Exploration brings surprises to our lives; Cooperation makes us gain the joy of harvest ... the flower season is poetic, life is picturesque, poetic and intoxicating.

Please write an article on the topic of "intoxication".

Requirements: (1) The topic is self-drawn; (2) Except poetry, the style is not limited; (3) Not less than 500 words; (4) There must be no real place names, school names or names in the text.

Third, use examples.

1. Title example:

The call of the earth, give me green mountains and green waters, build a harmonious blue sky together, and protect the environment from small things around us. . The self-report of the last monkey "for you? For me? For him, animals move, don't let tears become the last drop of water.

2. Examples of excellent paragraphs:

You don't know, do you? This group of red scarves also helped me clean up the garbage, took down plastic bags from trees and warned people to use less "white pollution". Driven by the red scarf, those unscrupulous citizens have gradually become upright. In the past, the sight of mosquitoes and flies flying around the trash can disappeared, and the tree dust on both sides of the street disappeared. My life is bright and colorful!

I am intoxicated: the mountains are green, the water is blue, the grass is green, the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant ... this is the original me! Thanks to the children for returning me to the mountains and rivers, I will give my descendants endless treasures and eternal happiness. ...

In the increasingly heavy sigh of the Bohai Sea, some people casually say: 10 years later, the Bohai Sea may become a "dead sea". I don't like to hear this, as if I heard the news that my loved ones were terminally ill. Born and raised in Sri Lanka, this land and water is closely related to my concern. For thousands of years, the Bohai Sea, like its mother, has nurtured life here and sheltered the civilization of this land. She should be a blue sea and a silver beach, with small sails and singing.

Throughout the ages, Mother Earth has raised countless generations of children and grandchildren with sweet milk. It turned out that she was beautifully decorated by junior students. However, now human beings have tortured her to death for their own interests. There is only one earth for mankind; The earth is facing a serious environmental crisis. "Save the Earth" has become a strong voice of people all over the world.

The real test of our contribution to the environment is not words, but actions. Although what I am doing now is only a small matter, I firmly believe that if we all have the responsibility to protect the environment, starting from ourselves and starting from small things, and working together to protect our homeland, we will naturally give humanity its due return. Take a nap in the warm cradle-grassland; Grow up under the kind smiling face-the sky, and bathe in the river, the source of love.

I love the earth and the home where we live. Love her mountains and waters, love her green grass and blue sky. ...

I played and laughed with butterflies among the fragrant flowers in the four fields; In the lush forest, I chase and sing with birds; Early in the morning, I went for an outing in Yuan Ye with light steps. The mist filled the air, like a piece of white gauze floating gently in the air. Sucking the flowers and enjoying the sunshine bath, I am intoxicated in this ecstatic dream; In the evening, I sat in a farmhouse with fragrant rice, looking up at the bright stars and listening to cicadas and frogs, as if I were in a fairy tale kingdom. In spring, I sit on the back of a cow and listen to the pastoral melody and melodious flute on the endless grassland. In summer, I sat in a boat, paddled the green lake, and watched the seagulls skim across the vast lake lightly; In autumn, I stand under the tree, expecting the golden leaves to fall one by one; In winter, I stand at the window and admire the snowflakes flying in the air. My heart is drunk in this picturesque fairyland!

3. Examples of works analysis:

Say goodbye to the night

Changzhou examinee

When the sun goes down, it will be endless night. I am curled up in the corner of the city, but I am meditating in deep melancholy. When will the thoughts of passers-by in Jiangnan be cut off? How can that lilac girl not worry? Who can point the way for a long journey? So I can only wander and be confused. I looked up and asked softly:

At night, how long do you have? At this time, Yinger on that branch sang slowly: Learn to say goodbye, there is light behind the night, and the song is long and slowly echoing. ...

Farewell to the night is a gorgeous color. In spring, the skirts are full of flowers, and thousands of butterflies are flying, but one wintersweet after another is sprouting in the cold abyss. Above its body is hard rock, dark and boundless. It cries, it is decadent, it is melancholy, but the pace of growth never stops. The light of life shines on its chest like this. When the cold wind blows, all the trees wither and shine.

Farewell to the night is a heroic shock. In the past years, life was turbulent like catkins and duckweeds. From a distance, it is free to spread, but in the vicinity, it is helpless. Together, it is glory, and falling is the abyss. Look at the surging waves at the source of the Yangtze River, you can't wash away your grief and anger, and you can't hide the heroic life. Li Bai stood in the wind, wiping his tears with his sleeves, and sighed at the sky: One day, I will ride the long wind and break the waves, sail straight up and cross the deep sea! So strength belongs to him, praise belongs to him, and night does not belong to him. Another example is Gong Zizhen, who sacrificed flowers: falling red is not a heartless thing, but turning into spring mud to protect flowers. It is more like that generation of immigrants bid farewell with tears, quietly working hard, and the long scroll of history is rolled out for them, bidding farewell to the night, and it is another generation of heroes!

Farewell to the night is a beautiful success. Tai Lihua's name deeply touched everyone in China and gave them infinite shock. A thousand hands of Guanyin, a thousand words of blessing, the cruelty of fate made her unable to appreciate the beauty of life, but gave her a beautiful heart and colorful dances. It is she who lives tenaciously in the dark, and it is also she who portrays bravery and outlines nobility among thousands of troops. Tai Lihua, her life is small, but it reflects the light of the whole sun. This is a light in the dark.

Say goodbye to the night, learn to be strong, I stand timidly, say goodbye to the darkness, the sun and the moon shine together, lingering, they hold me a big sun. ...

The nightingale continued to sing. On the other side of the water, the sunrise was born. ...

comment

Starting from the environment, this paper expresses the firm confidence of human beings to bid farewell to darkness and overcome themselves, and has profound thoughts. Echo from beginning to end, with far-reaching implications.

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