Historical background information of the Yellow River

According to various studies, the ancient Yellow River has three stages of development: the early Pleistocene from Tertiary to Quaternary is the gestation period of the ancient Yellow River. The middle Pleistocene in Quaternary (110.5 million years ago) was the birth period of the ancient Yellow River. In the late Pleistocene (654.38+ 10,000 years ago ~ 654.38+ 10,000 years ago), the Yellow River formed a marine water system.

In the historical period, the Yellow River has also evolved in the upper and middle reaches of the plain, and some of them have changed greatly. For example, the Hetao reach in Inner Mongolia, below Dengkou before 1850, is mainly divided into two tributaries, the northern branch is the mainstream, the Wu Jia at the foot of Yinshan Mountain, and the southern branch is the present Yellow River. 1850, the downstream of Wu Jia, north of Xishanzui, was blocked and cut off for about 15 km, and the south branch became the mainstream, while the north branch became the backwater channel of Houtao Irrigation Area.

The river from Longmen to Tongguan also fluctuates greatly. However, the evolution of these reaches has little influence on the development of the whole Yellow River. The changes of the Yellow River mainly occur in the lower reaches.

Historically, the rivers in the lower reaches of the Yellow River changed from Haihe River in the north to Jianghuai River in the south. According to historical documents, the lower Yellow River burst 1500 times and changed its course more than 20 times.

Extended data

Inner Mongolia Yellow River Irrigation District is one of the famous large-scale irrigation districts in China. Its scope starts from the eastern edge of Wulanbuhe Desert in the west, reaches the eastern suburb of Hohhot in the east, borders on Langshan, Wulashan and Daqingshan in the north, and reaches the Ordos platform in the south, including Hetao, Tumochuan and the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River. 19 flags (counties, districts) crossing Yikezhao League, Bayannaoer League and Hohhot, Baotou and Wuhai.

The total land area is 289 1 10,000 mu, the existing cultivated land18.78 million mu, the irrigated area is 9.36 million mu, the agricultural population is 20 1 10,000 people, and the per capita cultivated land is 9.3 mu, including 4.7 mu of irrigated land.

Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area is one of the four ancient irrigation areas in China, with an irrigation history of more than 2,000 years. Known as "Jiangnan", it is the main grain, cotton and oil producing area in Ningxia and one of the national 12 commodity grain bases.

The irrigation area involves irrigation from the Yellow River in Qingtongxia City, Yongning County, Yinchuan City, Helan County, Pingluo County, Tao Le County, Huinong County, Shizuishan City, Zhongwei County, Zhongning County, wuzhong and lingwu city, covering 12 counties (cities) and more than 20 state-owned agricultural and forestry pastures.

Fenhe Irrigation District, located in Taiyuan Basin in the middle of Shanxi Province, is located on both sides of Fenhe River, starting from Shanglan Village in the northern suburb of Taiyuan City in the north and reaching Hongxiang Village in Jiexiu County in Jinzhong area in the south, with a length of about 140km and a width of about 20km from east to west, bounded by Fenyang Highway and Ciyao River in the west, Sanmenxia Highway in the east and Tongpu Railway in the south.

The irrigation area spans Taiyuan, Jinzhong and Lvliang, and 12 counties (cities, districts), 56 beneficiary townships (towns) and 488 villages. The whole irrigation area controls 2,055,500 mu of land, including cultivated land/kloc-0 1.5684 million mu. The designed irrigation area is1495,500 mu, and the benefit area accounts for nearly one tenth of the water area of Shanxi Province. It is one of the largest gravity irrigation areas in Shanxi Province.

reference data

The Yellow River (the second longest river in China) _ Baidu Encyclopedia?