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Tang Yue was called "Tang Yue" in ancient times, also known as Tang Chuan and Cixiaoli. According to legend, in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Bao Anguo, a descendant of Humboldt, the magistrate of Xin 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his brother-in-law Hua Wang donated money to the people. Tang Gaozu was illegally named "Duke of Tang Yue" and their village was called "Tang Yue". Later, Bao borrowed the sentence of "covering Gan Tang" from The Book of Songs Gan Tang. The homonym of "Tang" is "Tang" and the homonym of "Yue" is "Yue", which means that Gan Tang has lush foliage and benefits future generations, so the village name of "Tang Yue" is still in use today.

Tang Yue Paifang Group is a masterpiece of architectural art in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and its architectural style is mixed. Although the time span is hundreds of years, it is all the same. The Paifang Group in Tang Yue, Shexian County has changed the characteristics that the buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties are mainly wood structures, almost all of which are stone materials, especially the excellent "Shexian Qing" stone. This bluestone archway is solid, tall, majestic and magnificent. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the architectural art of memorial archways was also improving day by day. Architectural experts believe that the archway in Tang Yue is of great value to the study of politics, economy, culture, architectural art, the formation and development of Huizhou merchants and even the folk customs of folk houses in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Tang Yue Paifang Group is located on Cuntou Avenue in Tang Yue, more than 65,438+00 miles west of Shexian County. Seven archways are arranged in sequence, three in Ming Dynasty and four in Qing Dynasty, which outline the ethics of "loyalty, filial piety and righteousness" in feudal society. Among the numerous archways in Shexian County, this close relationship between "taking business as an official and protecting business with officials" and political and economic integration is not uncommon. Tang Yue Paifang Group is magnificent and rare in China, and is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Bao Can's small workshop was built in the early years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1552- 1567). It is the first white marble archway with four columns and three ridges in the village, with a square width of 9.54 meters, a depth of 3.54 meters and a height of 8.86 meters. The word "imperial edict" is embedded in the "dragon and phoenix board" under the cornice of Bao Shenxiao archway, and there are a pair of embossed lions on the front and back of the beam, with the inscription "Bao Shen, assistant minister to the right, shows filial piety". "Shexian annals" records: Bao Shen reads widely and does not seek official advancement. Her mother's foot was gangrenous, and long-term drug treatment failed for many years. Bao can wait on his mother and continue to suck blood pus from her feet until she is cured. His filial piety touched the whole village and made him build this workshop. Because he educated his descendants well, he was honored by the three generations of emperors and set up a workshop specially for his grandfather. Bao Xiang, the great-grandson of Bao Shen, was the minister of the Ministry of Industry, so the emperor gave Bao Shen the title of "Left Assistant Minister of the Ministry of War".

Cixiaolifang was built in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1420). It has four columns and three rooms with a total width of 8.57 meters, a depth of 2.53 meters and a height of 9.6 meters. It is engraved with "imperial system" and "secretariat". It was built for Bao Yuyan and Bao Shouxun of Chu Shi in the late Song Dynasty and approved by the emperor. According to historical records, Li Da, the prefect of Shexian County in Yuan Dynasty, led a rebellion, burning and looting. Bao and his son were caught by the disorderly army and asked to kill each other to decide who died and who lived. Unexpectedly, the father and son fought so hard that even the disorderly army could not bear to go under the knife. Later, the imperial court built this workshop to show off them. The memorial archway is also engraved with the poem of filial piety inscribed by Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty: "My father was robbed and tied, and life and death are at stake. ..... Bao parents are full of benevolence and filial piety, and their reputation is preserved. " When Emperor Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River, when he heard about it, he happily wrote down the couplets of "Ci Xiao Hua Xi You Li, the first beautiful hometown in the south of the Yangtze River", and allocated silver to renovate the memorial archway of "Ci Xiao Li" and carved imperial couplets on it. A memorial archway was sealed by several emperors, which is rare in the history of China.

Mrs. Bao Wenling's Jiang Family Festival Filial Piety Workshop was built in the forty-ninth year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1784). Jiang's filial piety workshop is engraved with "filial piety" and "complete loneliness". The structure of the archway is the same as that of the charity workshop. According to county records, Jiang is a human being. After he was widowed at the age of 26, he "ended his lonely life" and integrated his son into a famous doctor in Shexian County. Widows' chastity and the cultivation of their heirs are considered as the greatest filial piety in the patriarchal society, because the clan is maintained by blood. So when Jiang was 80 years old, people invited Jing for her and built this memorial arch, just like its incarnation.

Qibu Pavilion, located in Paifang Group, was built by Bao and his nephew in Ming Dynasty. After repeated repairs. "Kai Bu" compiled "Lie Yi Ji", which indicates that those who built pavilions are ancestors, charitable and promising. The pavilion is a square pavilion with a single eaves, and the tunnel runs through the east and west. There are stone benches and flying chairs on the north and south sides. There are four pillars in the pavilion, and beams support the ceiling of the caisson. The "Qibu Pavilion" on the forehead of the door was inscribed by Deng.

Leshan Charity Square was built in the 25th year of Qing Jiaqing (1820). It is a towering column with 4 columns and 3 rooms, with a total width of 1 1.82m, a depth of 2.85m, and a height of11.70m. There are no patterns on the columns, only the arch plates under the eaves are engraved with patterns, and the rings and sparrows on the moon beam are correspondingly engraved with exquisite patterns. Thick beams and columns are polished, not carved. This workshop was built for Bao, the salt transportation company, and Bao Jun, the son of Jing Biao Nuo Tongfeng. Bao is a big salt merchant. In the eighth year of Jiaqing, a large number of merchants lost their salaries, which made them negotiate to transport salt. When Hongze Lake burst its banks, he collected 60,000 stones from the public. When the Huaihe River and the Yellow River flooded, he donated 40,000 stones to wheat, opened the Liutang River into the sea, collected 3 million and 2 million silver, dredged Mangdao Cave and donated 62,000 silver. Help build Shahe sluice and donate 5000 taels of silver. There are many charitable acts, such as building ancestral temples, running compulsory schools, building bridges and paving roads, and helping the poor. But throughout his life, he didn't see a monument to show himself, so he had to tell his son Bao Jun to keep his ancestral training and benefit the village. The magistrate of Huizhou Prefecture was moved by Bao and Bao Jun's many righteous acts, and * * * set up a workshop in the imperial court with the aim of being charitable.

Wu Defang, Bao's stepwife, was built in the thirty-second year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1768). It was built by Bao following his wife Wu's "saving three winters" and "taking the pulse". County annals: Wu, a native of Jiading, married at the age of 22. At that time, her sister-in-law was sick and took care of her day and night. When her 29-year-old husband died, she stood firm, kept her ambition, regarded the orphan elements in the front room as her own, and raised them wholeheartedly until she got married. Bao did not live up to his mother's kindness and eventually became a famous calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty. When he was old, Wu gave everything he had, and built an ancestral grave for his late husband under IX, burying his late husband and those in his family who had no money for burial. "Thick burial" is also filial piety to ancestors, and of course it is commendable. Wu also served her sick mother-in-law to the end of her life. She died at the age of 60. Wu's behavior touched local officials, so he broke the convention that his stepwife was not allowed to set up a workshop and made an exception to build an archway for her, which was comparable in scale to others. Despite this love, there is still a foreshadowing on the word "festival" on the forehead of the memorial archway-the grass head of the festival is engraved on it, and there is a "ten thousand word" below to show that the successor room and the original match can never be equal in status.

Baofengchang Xiaozifang was built in the second year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1797). Bao Fengchang, the dutiful son, chanted "People respect true filial piety", and the structure of the archway is the same as that of the charity square. Bao Fengchang's Filial Piety Square was built for his son Bao Fengchang. According to records, Fengchang's father went out for many years when he left the troubled times in the late Ming Dynasty, and there was no news from him. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), Fengchang, who was only 14 years old, begged along the road and searched for his father thousands of miles away. Finally, he found his sick father in Yanmen Ancient Temple in Gansu. He cured his father's gangrene by sucking pus and helped him go home. As soon as I entered the house, I saw my mother dying in bed and needed the real frankincense from Fuchun Mountain in Zhejiang. After taking it, my mother really recovered, and the people all said it was his "sincerity" and "filial piety".

Bao Xiang Xian Shang Shu Fang was built in the second year of tomorrow (1622). Room 3, Column 4, Tianzhu. On the back of the square, there are four big letters "Official Union and Taiwan Fight" on the pound. Bao Xiangxian is a good representative of Shangfang Shujing, and Bao Xiangxian has made meritorious deeds in guarding Yunnan and Shandong. According to the records of Shexian County, Bao Xiangxian entered the Jinshi in the eighth year of Jiajing (1529), and was given the imperial history at the beginning, and later served as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. He once went to Yunnan border defense to stabilize the border, and the local people also built a shrine for him to show their gratitude. Because of his outspoken character and contempt for powerful people, Bao Xiangxian was repeatedly slandered by treacherous court officials, and his political career was ups and downs. However, he always holds the idea of "officials don't choose positions", is honest and self-sustaining, and is loyal to the country as always, regardless of personal reputation and gains and losses. After his death, he was posthumously appointed Minister of Industry.

The structural layout of Tang Yue Paifang Group adopts strict symmetry of the central axis, giving people a sense of stability, emphasizing on the visual focus and carefully carving. Permanent farmland is reserved on both sides of the archway group, and there are no structures around it. Overlooking the Paifang Group, the seven archways seem to "rise from the ground" in farmland, which is particularly prominent. Paifang Formation is located at the entrance of Tang Yue Village. The surrounding farmland, trees, ponds, rivers and artificial environment (such as ancient bridges) constitute a complete external environment of the village, which embodies the principle of adapting to local conditions and harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the site selection and construction of ancient villages.

Tang Yue memorial archway group is full of loyalty, filial piety, chastity and righteousness, which is the expression of ancient Huizhou people's ethics and patriarchal ideology. As a witness of history, Tang Yue Paifang Group not only embodies the wisdom of ancient working people, but also is a treasure of Huizhou stone architecture. Each arch is carefully designed and built.

Every archway in Tang Yue archway group has the function of moral education. They appear in the form of family or personal historical records, conveying Confucian concepts of loyalty, filial piety, chastity and love to the world.

Dunben Hall is the ancestral temple of the Bao family, formerly known as the "public shrine" and commonly known as the "male shrine". During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1522 ~ 1567), when Bao Xiangxian, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War, retired and returned to his hometown, he built a ancestral hall for Qingyun, the eighth ancestor. Qingyun taboo line 4 thousand, the word Ze Shu, old and wise, people wear, stand as the ancestor of the door. By the early years of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, the branch hall had been destroyed and peeled off. In the 24th century, Bao Zhidao and Zilaifang, general managers of salt affairs in Lianghuai, donated private funds for reconstruction and expansion. The ancestral hall faces south, with three rooms and five halls, covering an area of more than 750 square meters. The entrance to the temple is a towering five-peak tower with two wings, with drums and stones at the entrance, and a beautifully carved brick wall outside, which was completed in the sixth year of Jiaqing (A.D. 180 1). The ancestral temple building is magnificent, showing the elegant demeanour of the Bao family, and it is a model of the architectural art of Huizhou ancestral temple in Qing Dynasty. The most typical is the Huizhou architectural feature of its "fat beam and thin column courtyard", with thin columns and thick beams, which is called "winter melon beam". There are 17 square inscriptions in the ancestral hall, such as Yitian Guitiao Monument and Jiaqing Emperor Imperial Monument. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty wrote a couplet for the ancestral hall of Bao: "A big talk to the west, filial piety is the first hometown in the south of the Yangtze River."

Qingyitang, commonly known as the female shrine, was built in the early years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. It was built by Bao, the 24th ancestor of the Bao family, a big salt merchant in the village, to commemorate the Bao women who also made sacrifices and contributions to the glory of Huizhou merchants. The giant plaque with three Chinese characters "Qingyitang" hung high in the center of the wall of Xiangtang, inscribed by calligrapher Bao, and the other horizontal plaque "Chastity and Heroism" was inscribed by Zeng Guofan, a famous person in Qing Dynasty. Tang's name is Qingyi, which means "innocence, chastity and virtue". This is an ode to women.

There is a touching story behind every archway in Tang Yue Paifang Group, which reminds Huizhou people from generation to generation not to forget the glory of their ancestors, and urges and inspires every Huizhou person to inherit the spirit of their ancestors.

Tang Yue Paifang Group does not challenge the unique authority with one Paifang, but sings with seven Paifang, and records the regional cultural characteristics of an era with stone groups.

Filial piety (2) Shexian (2) memorial archway (1)