Why isn't David of Michelangelo circumcised?

There are probably many historical reasons.

David is Jewish. According to Jewish law, boys must be circumcised on the eighth day after birth. David in history was definitely circumcised. Moreover, from the current medical point of view, it has been proved that the proportion of men who have done this kind of "circumcision" operation is far lower than that of men who have not done this kind of operation. It is said that some western countries also have this kind of operation now, that is, after asking parents for permission, they will operate on their children soon. Medicine has also proved that the number of platelets here is the largest on the eighth day of the child's birth, and circumcision is the easiest to recover at this time.

But Michelangelo was Italian and lived in the Renaissance. We all know that during the Renaissance, Europe was controlled by the Roman Catholic Church. The archdiocese is a branch of Christianity.

In the 4th century AD, Christianity was designated as the state religion of Rome, and all areas from Asia Minor to Eastern Europe under the control of the Roman Empire were Christian parishes. In Christian doctrine, according to Jewish law, men don't need to be circumcised, mainly because the apostle Paul said that circumcision can't prove whether people really obey God, nor can it be used to prove whether a person is a "real Jew", so in a sense, it "abolished" the superficial meaning of circumcision and pursued the spiritual meaning of circumcision. After Christianity was introduced into Europe, it is also unnecessary to emphasize that men must be circumcised.

Around 10 century, the church forces in different parts of Christianity were not unified. In order to prevent people from misinterpreting the Bible and creating heresy, the church "accepted" the local archbishop's right to interpret the Bible. Therefore, for centuries, most Christians have no chance to read the Bible, and they know little about it. They all learned the contents of the Bible through the explanations of bishops. Michelangelo should be such a Christian, so he may not be very clear about the problem of "circumcision".

It is not excluded that Michelangelo has seen works of art in ancient Greece, so his works of art also emphasize the correct anatomical structure and artistic beauty of the human body. It is normal for his works to pay attention to the beauty of the human body on the basis of realism.

At that time, the works of art were still in the workshop system, and the artist's understanding of the human body depended on the sketch of the model. If the male model is not circumcised, it is easy to understand that the male model in Michelangelo's paintings and sculptures is not circumcised.

Add:

Since someone suggested that David's penis looks very small, here is a professional explanation:

When we look at this sculpture, it should not be difficult to find that David looks "small" from this angle, and the reason for this phenomenon is that David looks big above his shoulders, especially his head. Because this sculpture is very big. Michelangelo predicted that people had to look up at such a large statue when it was placed in public. According to the law of perspective, the head of the statue will appear very small if it is shaped in normal proportion. So when Michelangelo carved, he deliberately enlarged his head to match the audience's acceptance of perspective.

Therefore, when we look at the lower part of the human body from this head-up angle, the reason is that the head looks big, which is caused by visual contrast. I didn't expect modern photography technology to make up for the lack of observation angle, so the effect he deliberately pursued at that time now seems abrupt.