Is it Ji or Qi who rides the dust? Who changed it?

The word "Qi" in Riding the Dust was pronounced as "J" in ancient Chinese, but it was unified in China's Kao Biao in 1985, and the pronunciation of Qi was pronounced as "Q".

Source of works

From "Three Poems Crossing the Qing Palace", it is a set of poems by Du Mu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty.

These three poems satirize the present by borrowing from the past, and select typical events and scenes such as Tang Xuanzong spared no effort to supply litchi to Yang Guifei, being drunk for a long time by believing lies, An Lushan being Tang Xuanzong, and Yang Guifei dancing Hu Xuanwu, which not only skillfully summarizes the history, but also profoundly satirizes the reality and expresses the poet's great indignation at the supreme ruler's extravagance, extravagance and disaster to the country and the people.

original work

Three quatrains crossing Huaqing Palace

one

Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn.

As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.

Secondly,

Xinfeng green trees have yellow dust, and I have ridden Yuyang several times to explore the messenger.

They lied about their military situation, and Tang Gaozong and Yang Guifei still indulged in singing and dancing until the Anshi Rebellion arose and the Central Plains was broken.

third

The whole country is immersed in the tranquility of music, and the Lishan Palace in the moonlight is particularly clear.

An Lushan dragged his fat body and danced "Pure Land Dancing", which caused Yang's laughter to fly over the peaks.

Sentence annotation

(1) Huaqing Palace: "Yuanhe County Records": "Huaqing Palace is on Mount Li, and a hot spring palace was set up in the early eleventh year of Kaiyuan. Tianbao was changed to Huaqing Palace in six years. He also built the hall of eternal life, called Jilingtai, to worship the gods. "

⑵ Embroidered pile: Mount Li has East Embroidered Ridge on the right and West Embroidered Ridge on the left. Tang Xuanzong planted trees and flowers on the ridge of the field, which was lush.

⑶ Thousand gates: describe a magnificent palace with many gates at the top of the mountain. Second place: in turn.

(4) Red dust: This refers to flying dust. Concubine: Yang Guifei. Music history "Biography of Yang Taizhen": As the saying goes, "You can't take concubines with old music words when enjoying famous flowers!" "Biography of Li Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty": "My concubine likes litchi, and she must be born, so she rides it and travels thousands of miles, but her taste has not changed." "Supplement to Tang Shi": "Yang Guifei was born in Shu, loves litchi, and was born in. She is especially superior to Shu, so she flies forward every year. But if it is ripe in summer, it will be defeated, and future generations will not know it. " Press: This poem may be freehand brushwork, intended to satirize Xuanzong's favorite concubine, and it is impossible to verify all the historical facts one by one. In the Tang Dynasty, the litchi in Lingnan could not be transported to Chang 'an, so Su Shi said, "At this time, litchi came from Fuzhou, not Lingnan" (Note on Ji Tang Looking in the Mirror). Litchi ripe season, Xuanzong imperial concubine is not in Lishan. Xuanzong entered Huaqing Palace every winter and October, and returned to Chang 'an the following spring. Chen Yinke, a close friend, also made textual research on the fallacy of Cheng's Archaeological Compilation.

5. Know is: a "know".

[6] Xinfeng: Xinfeng County was established in the Tang Dynasty, located in the northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, not far from Huaqing Palace. Yellow dust: dust raised by galloping horses.

⑺ Yuyang's mission: The whole Tang Dynasty bet on this sentence: "The emperor's mission is to help the forest explore Lushan Mountain and collect the gold from Lushan Mountain, saying that Lushan Mountain has no objection."

Nishang (nícháng): At that time, the court dance "Colorful Feather" was personally adapted by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty according to the "Indian Brahman Dance" written by my envoy Yang Cheng. Qianfeng: refers to many peaks of Mount Li.

⑼ Dancing against the Central Plains: refers to Tang Xuanzong's indulgence in pleasure, which led to the rebellion of Anshi.

⑽ All nations: refers to the whole country.

⑾ relying on heaven: describe the grandeur of Mount Li Palace.

⑿ cloud two sentences: "Old Tang Anshi Lushan Biography": Lushan Mountain is fat and weighs 330 Jin, but it can perform Hu Xuan dance in front of Tang Xuanzong, and its illness is like the wind. The imperial secretary next to him applauded because the dance was too fast and the beat was out of order.

Translation of works

one

Looking back on Chang 'an, Mount Li looks like a pile of magnificent scenery. On the top of the mountain, thousands of doors of Huaqing Palace opened in turn. As soon as I rode, the smoke billowed and the princess smiled. No one knows that the south has sent litchi fresh fruit.

Secondly,

Yellow dust can be seen from time to time in Xinfeng area surrounded by green trees. This is the return of spies to Yuyang. They lied about their military situation, and Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei were still addicted to singing and dancing until the Anshi Rebellion and the Central Plains were broken.

third

The whole country is immersed in a song and dance, and the palaces and castles on Mount Li are particularly distinct in the moonlight. An Lushan dragged her fat body and danced Hu Xuan, which caused Yang Guifei's laughter to fly over the mountain peaks in the wind.

Creation background

These three poems were written by Du Mu when he passed the Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain. Huaqing Palace was built in the 11th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (723), where Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei had fun. Many poets in later generations have written poems about Huaqing Palace, among which Du Mu's Three Poems Crossing Huaqing Palace is one of the representative works.

works appreciation

one

This poem lashed out at the extravagant life of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei through the typical event of sending litchi, and its artistic effect was subtle, exquisite and well-known.

The first sentence describes the scenery of Mount Li where Huaqing Palace is located. The poet writes from the perspective of "looking back" in Chang 'an, just like a film photographer. First, he shows a broad and far-reaching panorama of Mount Li in front of the audience: lush trees, lush flowers and plants, palaces and castles stand among them, just like a beautiful group. "Embroidered Pile" not only refers to the East Embroidered Ridge and the West Embroidered Ridge on both sides of Mount Li, but also describes the beauty of Mount Li.

Then, the scene moved forward, showing the magnificent palace on the top of the mountain. The normally closed palace door suddenly opened slowly. Then there are two close-ups: outside the palace, an emissary is riding a horse, flying fast, raising clouds of red dust behind him; In the palace, the princess smiled. Several shots seem to be unrelated to each other, but they all contain the suspense carefully arranged by the poet: Why did the "Thousand Doors" open? Why did "One Ride" come? Why does "concubine" laugh? The poet deliberately kept silent until the tense and mysterious atmosphere made the reader want to know, and then implicitly and euphemistically revealed the mystery: "No one knew it was litchi." "Litchi" tells the whole story. "Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty": "My concubine loves litchi and wants to be born, so she rode it for thousands of miles, and her taste has not changed. She has arrived in the capital." Knowing this, the suspense in front was released at once, and those shots naturally merged.

Wu Qiao's "Poems Around the Furnace" said: "Poetry has connotations, especially those who tell stories without opinions." The artistic charm of Du Mu's poems lies in its implication and profundity. In the poem, I don't understand Xuanzong's dissolute lust, imperial concubine's love and arrogance. However, the sharp contrast between "Galloping the World of Red Dust" and "Laughing at the Noble Lady" has received much stronger artistic effect than directly expressing her opinions. The word "princess laughs" has a profound meaning. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Youwang smiled for Bo Feizi and lit a bonfire, which led to the country's demise. After reading this, readers can easily think of this well-known story. The word "unknown" is also thought-provoking In fact, "litchi lai" is not unknown, at least "concubine" knows, "riding it" knows, and there is another emperor who doesn't mention it in his poem. This writing is to show that this matter is very important and urgent, and there is no reason for outsiders not to know. This not only exposes the absurdity of the emperor's doing everything he can to please his favorite concubine, but also echoes the unusual atmosphere rendered earlier. The whole poem does not need difficult words, allusions and carvings. Simple and natural, profound and powerful. It is a masterpiece of history in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty.

Secondly,

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, An Lushan served as our envoy in Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong, waiting for an opportunity to rebel. However, Tang Xuanzong liked him very much. The Crown Prince and Prime Minister Yang repeatedly started fighting, and Fang sent assistants to inquire about the truth in the name of sending oranges. An Lushan was generous to Yulin and praised his loyalty when he came back. Xuanzong believed in lies, and since then he has been more unrestrained. "Yellow dust rises from Xinfeng green trees, and several spies return from Yuyang", describing the scene of spies returning to Chang 'an from Yuyang via Xinfeng Flying Horse. The yellow dust rolling behind the spy is a dazzling smoke screen and a symbol of the upcoming rebel war.

From the complicated historical event of "An Shi Rebellion", the poet only used a scene of "fishing for the sun and exploring the return", which was quite ingenious. It not only exposes An Lushan's cunning, but also exposes Xuanzong's confusion, which has the magical effect of "killing two birds with one stone".

If the first two sentences of the poem show the transformation of space, then the last two sentences, "dressing up as a thousand peaks and dancing and decomposing", show the change of time. The contents of the first four sentences were originally independent of each other, but after clever editing by the poet, there was a causal relationship between them, suggesting the internal relationship between the two things. From the whole article, it is very natural that Yu Yang Gui and Nishang Qianfeng are connected by Huaqing Palace. This way of writing not only summarizes a major historical event with extremely frugal pen and ink, but more importantly reveals the cause of the accident. The poet's conception is very ingenious.

Strong irony is expressed implicitly, especially the phrase "a thousand peaks put on makeup and dance in the original", which makes Xuanzong indulge in pleasure and stubbornly say nothing to the extreme. It is obviously an extreme exaggeration and impossible to say that a song can climb "Thousand Peaks", but it is actually "dancing all over the Central Plains", but it is not unreasonable to write like this. Because just singing and dancing can't directly "break the Central Plains", the breaking of the Central Plains is actually caused by the endless indulgence of the rulers. Moreover, it is not enough to describe the prosperity of singing and dancing, nor does it exaggerate the drunkenness of the rulers and the serious consequences of the country's demise. In addition, the sharp contrast between "Thousands of Peaks" and "Xias" and the use of the word "Began" in these two poems show the poet's profound skill in choosing words and making sentences, which effectively sets off the theme. It is the profound ideological content and perfect expression that make it a famous sentence. The whole poem comes to an abrupt end here, which is even more memorable.

third

This is the last of three quatrains and an allegorical poem.

"All nations are drunk when they sing." This statement was made by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He played with Yang Guifei in Lishan all day, ignoring the state affairs, and the whole country was immersed in a song and dance. "Eternal Temple and Moonlight" means that the palaces, pavilions and pavilions on Mount Li are towering into the clouds, which are particularly clear in the moonlight. "Dancing Lushan Mountain in the Clouds" is an ironic remark: When An Lushan met Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei on Mount Li, he dragged his fat body and danced Hu Xuan in the hall, which actually triggered Yang Guifei's hearty laughter. "Laughter under the strong wind", this sentence, laughter floated over the layers of peaks with the wind and echoed in the mountains for a long time.

According to the report, Yang Guifei was overjoyed when she saw An Lushan dancing Hu Xuan, and even accepted An Lushan as her adopted son. Tang Xuanzong was also very happy and attached great importance to An Lushan and appointed him as our special envoy for the three towns. But it was their adopted son who raised the banner of rebellion to them. Since then, the Tang empire has slipped into the abyss of decline.

This poem is subtle and euphemistic, and its style seems to be brisk. In fact, it makes a bitter and merciless mockery of the extravagance and mistakes of the king who perished.

Famous comments

one

Hu Zai's Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua: Dunzhai Wandering: Du Mu's Huaqing Palace says: "Chang 'an looks back and embroiders in piles ..." It is particularly popular. According to Ji Tang, the Ming emperor brought good luck to Mount Li in 10 and returned to the palace in spring, but he never stayed in Mount Li in June. However, litchi ripens only in summer. Although the meaning of this word is beautiful, it has lost its authenticity.

Xie Fangde's Notes on Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty: Ming Taizu Tianbao Room has litchi, a tribute from Fuzhou. When it arrives in Chang 'an, the color will remain the same, and the imperial concubine will be happy. States and counties are famous for galloping, and the army is stiff, looking at each other on the road. "The world of mortals rides a princess and laughs. No one knows it's litchi." It describes walking as fast as flying, and people can't see anything. See also Ming Taizu's lewd heart, poor power, and the lives of others, regardless. If so, why not die?

Gao Yun's Annotation on the Pronunciation of Tang Poems: Guo Yun: Nobody knows, which was written suddenly with irony. Vulgar (under the first sentence). Wonderful (under the last sentence).

Excerpts from Ao Ying's Tang Poems: This poem was full of female pets at that time, but today's desolation lies in its appearance, and Taibai's Beauty of the Prince of Wu agrees.

Xie Zhen's Four-character Poem: Bao Fang's poem "Miscellaneous Feeling" says: "In May, litchi first broke its face and left Xiang Jun in the evening." This work is very ironic. Du Fu's poem "Huaqing Palace" said: "Riding a princess in the world of mortals and laughing, no one knows it is litchi." Two unique things refer to the same thing, simple and profound.

The Return of Zhong Xing and Tan's Tang Poems: Gordon pai' ea chung-hoon: visible and thoughtful.

Zhou Wei's General Comment on the Forest at the Tang Poetry Selection Meeting; Said: it seems to be a note.

Song Ancient Music "Selected 10,000 Comments on Tang Poetry": Written for going to Huaqing Palace to meditate on the past. The last two sentences are about the busyness of the world of mortals and the dedication to the inner pet, which is deeply touched.

Yu Biyun's A Brief Introduction to Poetic Realm: The first two sentences are endowed with this topic. The palace is above Mount Li, and the terrace is lush with flowers and trees, which is also called embroidered ridge, so the first sentence says "pile embroidery". The last two sentences, I recall that year, rolling dust riding west, only to see the imperial concubine greeted with laughter. At first, I didn't expect litchi to be sent to Can Cong all the way, which is one of the beauties.

Secondly,

The second cloud of Zhou's "The Collection of the Three Immortals in the Tang Dynasty" says: "Language harmony is wonderful for generations."

Huang Shucan's comment on Tang poetry: "Dance breaks in the original", which is amazing, absurd and painful!

Brief introduction of the author

Du Mu (803-853) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Mu Zhi, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), is the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. In 828 AD (the second year of Taihe), he was a scholar, and successively served as Jiangxi secretariat, aide, Huainan secretariat and Niu Senru. He served as the censor, then as the foreign minister of Si Xun, and finally as the official of Chinese books. I think I have the talent to help the world. Most of these poems quote Chen's works. A lyric poem about the scenery is so beautiful and vivid. People call it Xiao Du, and Li Shangyin is collectively called Du Xiaoli, which is different from Li Bai and Du Fu. There are 20 volumes of Collected Works of Fan Chuan handed down from ancient times.