Relevant information of Madame Curie.

Chinese name: Marie Curie mbth: Marie Curie alias: Madame Curie Nationality: French Nationality: Poland Birthplace: Warsaw, Poland Date of birth:1867165438+1October 7 (year of Ding Mao) Date of death: 1934 7.

Madame Curie's maiden name is Marie Sklodowska (Polish) and she was born in a teacher's family in Warsaw, Poland on June 7th.

The world's understanding of Madame Curie was influenced by the Biography of Madame Curie published by her second daughter 1937. This book beautifies Madame Curie's life and deals with all the twists and turns she encountered in her life.

Susan quinn, an American biographer, spent seven years publishing a new book, Marie Curie: A Life, and collected unpublished biographical data of Marie Curie, including family members and friends of Curie, describing her hard, bitter and struggling life in more detail and depth.

Marie Curie is an immortal name in the history of world science. This great female scientist, with her diligence and talent, has made outstanding contributions in the fields of physics and chemistry, so she became the only famous scientist who won the Nobel Prize twice in two different disciplines.

Walk into the University of Paris

Marie Curie is the youngest and cleverest of her five children. Her father is a middle school math and science teacher with limited income, and her mother is also a middle school teacher. Mary's childhood was unhappy. Her mother has a serious infectious disease and is taken care of by her sister. Later, my mother and elder sister died when she was less than 10 years old. Her life is full of difficulties. Such a living environment not only cultivated her ability to live independently, but also tempered her very strong character since she was a child.

Mary has been studying very hard since she was a child. She has a strong interest in learning and special hobbies. She never misses any learning opportunities easily, and shows tenacious enterprising spirit everywhere. Since primary school, she has been the first in every subject. 15 years old, graduated from high school with a gold medal. Her father studied physics at St. Petersburg University earlier, and his thirst for scientific knowledge and strong enterprising spirit also deeply nurtured little Mary. She likes all kinds of instruments in her father's laboratory since she was a child. When she grew up, she read many books on natural science, which filled her with fantasies. She is eager to explore the scientific world. But her family at that time did not allow her to go to college. /kloc-started to be a tutor for a long time at the age of 0/9, and at the same time taught himself various courses to prepare for future study. In this way, until the age of 24, she finally came to study at the Faculty of Science of Paris University. With a strong thirst for knowledge, she listened carefully to every class. Hard study has made her worse and worse, but her academic performance has always been among the best, which not only envies her classmates, but also surprises her professors. Two years after entering school, she confidently took the Bachelor of Physics examination and won the first place among 32 candidates. The next year, she won a bachelor's degree in mathematics with the second place.

At the beginning of 1894, Mary accepted the magnetic research project of various steels proposed by the French National Association for the Promotion of Industry. In the process of completing this scientific research project, she met pierre curie, a teacher of Physical Chemistry School, who is an accomplished young scientist. The agreement to use science for the benefit of mankind is willing to combine them. After Mary got married, people addressed her as Madame Curie. 1896, Madame Curie finished the post examination for college graduates with the first place. In the second year, she completed the research on the magnetism of various steels. However, she is not satisfied with her achievements, and she is determined to take the PhD exam and determine her own research direction. Stand at a new starting line.

radium (Ra)

1896, French physicist becquerel published a work report, which introduced in detail the uranium element he discovered through many experiments. Uranium and its compounds have a special ability, which can automatically and continuously emit an invisible ray, which is different from ordinary light and can make photographic negatives become sensitive through black paper. It is also different from Roentgen rays found in the absence of high vacuum. Uranium and its compounds constantly emit rays and radiate energy outward. This aroused the great interest of Madame Curie. Where does this energy come from? What is the nature of this unusual ray? Madame Curie was determined to uncover its secret. From 65438 to 0897, Madame Curie chose her own research topic-the study of radioactive substances. This research project has brought her into a new scientific world. She worked hard to open up a virgin land, and finally completed the discovery of radioactive element radium, one of the most important discoveries in the history of modern science, which laid the foundation of modern radiochemistry and made great contributions to mankind.

In the experimental research, Madame Curie designed a measuring instrument, which can not only measure whether a substance has radiation, but also measure the intensity of radiation. After repeated experiments, she found that the intensity of uranium rays is directly proportional to the uranium content in the material, but has nothing to do with the existing state of uranium and external conditions.

Madame Curie made a comprehensive investigation of known chemical elements and all compounds, and made an important discovery: an element called thorium can automatically emit invisible rays, which shows that the phenomenon that an element can emit rays is not only the characteristics of uranium, but also the same characteristics of some elements. She called this phenomenon radioactivity, and called elements with this property radioactive elements. The radiation they emit from Marie Curie's grave is called "radiation". According to the experimental results, she also predicted that minerals containing uranium and thorium must be radioactive; Minerals that do not contain uranium and thorium must not be radioactive. The instrument inspection completely verified her prediction. She excluded those minerals that did not contain radioactive elements, concentrated on those that were radioactive, and accurately measured the radioactive intensity of elements. In the experiment, she found that the radioactive intensity of a pitchblende is much higher than expected, which shows that the mineral in the experiment contains a new unknown radioactive element, and the content of this element must be very small, because this mineral has already been accurately analyzed by many chemists. She resolutely published her findings in the experimental report and tried to prove it through experiments. At this critical moment, her husband, pierre curie, also realized the importance of his wife's discovery, and stopped studying crystals to study this new element with her. After several months' efforts, they separated a substance mixed with bismuth from the ore, which was far more radioactive than uranium, and was later listed as polonium No.84 in the periodic table of elements. A few months later, they discovered another new element and named it radium. However, the Curies did not immediately get the joy of success. When they got a little compound of new elements, they found that the initial estimate was too optimistic. In fact, the content of radium in ore is less than one millionth. Because this mixture is extremely radioactive, substances containing trace radium salts are hundreds of times more radioactive than uranium.

The road to science has never been smooth. For centuries, the discovery of polonium and radium and the characteristics of these new radioactive elements have shaken some basic theories and concepts. Scientists have always believed that atoms of various elements are the smallest unit of matter, and atoms are inseparable and unchangeable. According to the traditional view, the radiation emitted by radioactive elements such as polonium and radium cannot be explained. Therefore, both physicists and chemists are interested in Madame Curie's research work, but they all have doubts in their hearts. Chemists in particular are more rigorous. In order to finally confirm this scientific discovery and further study the properties of radium, the Curies must separate more and purer radium salts from asphalt ore.

All the unknown worlds are mysterious. At the beginning of the study of separating new elements, they didn't know any chemical properties of the new elements. The only clue to find a new element is that it is highly radioactive. Based on this, they created a new chemical analysis method. But they have no money, no real laboratory, only some simple instruments they bought or designed themselves. In order to work efficiently, they conducted research separately. The characteristics of radium are determined by Mr. Curie's experiments; Madame Curie continued to refine pure radium salt.

At the end of 1902, Madame Curie extracted one tenth of extremely pure radium chloride and accurately determined its atomic weight. Since then, the existence of radium has been confirmed. Radium is a natural radioactive substance, which is extremely difficult to obtain. Its shape is shiny white crystal like fine salt. Radium has a slight blue fluorescence, and this beautiful light blue fluorescence is integrated into a woman's beautiful life and unyielding belief. In spectral analysis, it is different from the spectral line of any known element. Radium is not the first radioactive element discovered by human beings, but it is the most radioactive element. Using its powerful radioactivity, we can further discover many new properties of radiation. Therefore, many elements can be further applied to practice. Medical research has found that laser rays have great effects on different cells and tissues, which is different from that of Marie Curie. Once irradiated by radium, those rapidly multiplying cells will be destroyed quickly. This discovery makes radium a powerful means to treat cancer. Cancer is made up of cells that reproduce very quickly, and the damage caused by laser rays is far greater than that caused by surrounding healthy tissues. This new treatment method was quickly developed all over the world. In France and France, radium therapy is called Curie therapy. The discovery of radium has fundamentally changed the basic principles of physics, which is of great significance for promoting the development of scientific theory and its application in practice.

Edit the sequence of events in this paragraph.

1867165438+1October 7th was born in the family of a middle school teacher in Shashi, Wang Guohua. Father Uradislav Skolodowska is a middle school math teacher, and mother Brogny Slova Boguska Skolodowska is the principal of a boarding school for girls. The baby's name is Mabya Sklodowska. Maria, who traveled for the fifth time, has three sisters and one brother, namely Sophie, Broger Shirava, Helena and her brother Joseph.

1868 one-year-old father Skoro Dovski was appointed as the deputy inspector of Novolipki public middle school. My mother was weak and suffered from lung disease, so she had to resign as the headmaster of a girls' school. The whole family moved out of the house on Frida Road where they had lived for eight years.

1873 my six-year-old father was demoted and his salary was reduced by the Russian authorities. In order to subsidize their families, boarding students are admitted to study at home. There were only two or three people at first, and then it increased to ten people. Maria went to a private boarding school, and the principal was Ms. Lucy Kolska.

1878 1 1 year-old My mother died of lung disease for a long time on May 9th.

1883 16 years old, 12 graduated from public middle school in June and won the gold medal.

1884 17 years old worked as a private school teacher, participated in the "mobile university" where Polish patriotic youth met in secret regularly, attended lectures, did scientific experiments and served as a literacy worker.

189 1 year old, 24 years old, 1 month to study in Paris.

1893 at the age of 26, she got a bachelor's degree in physics with the first place.

27 years old, 1894, got a loan of 600 rubles from "Alexander Scholarship"; In the same year, I met pierre curie and got a bachelor's degree in mathematics.

1895 married pierre curie on July 26th at the age of 28.

1897 30 years old 9 12 September, the eldest daughter Irene was born.

The radioactivity of thorium was discovered at the age of 1898/3 1 year: German chemist Schmidt (1865- 1949) also independently discovered it at the end of last year or the beginning of this year. July: The Curies proposed to the Academy of Sciences that there was a new radioactive substance in pitchblende, claiming that a new radioactive element No.84 was found, which was 400 times stronger than uranium and similar to bismuth. Madame Curie suggested that polonium should be named after her native Poland. Since then, the Curies have worked closely together to establish the earliest radiochemistry working method.

1902 35 years old in April, extracting radium 0.1g; In the same year, my father died.

1903, aged 36, 12, 10, won the nobel prize in physics with pierre and becquerel for his research work on radioactivity.

1905 The second daughter Eve was born at the age of 38.

1906 pierre curie, 39, died in a traffic accident. As described in Madame Curie's biography.

19 1 1 44 years old, he won the nobel prize in chemistry for discovering polonium and radium.

1914-1918 47-51year-old formed a mobile radiotherapy medical team and went to the front.

1916 passed the driving test at the age of 49. Started working with his daughter Elaine.

At the age of 19 18 and 5 1 year, radioactive elements, their principles and applications were reported to the Radioactive Materials Committee of the Ministry of Military Supplies. To investigate radioactive material resources in northern Italy. Irina Curie served as the designated assistant. Continue to train X-ray technicians for the army, including providing training courses for American military doctors who participated in the war.

192 1 54 years old, according to wartime notes, written "radiology and war", published in Paris. March 8th: Meeting with Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University. Cai arrived in Paris on her way to study abroad and invited Madame Curie to give a lecture in Peking University. Answer: "I can't go this time, I will do it in the summer vacation", but I didn't make it. In May, my two daughters and I went to America.

At the age of 65, 1932, he submitted a paper "The relationship between three kinds of rays of radioactive objects and atomic structure" to the International Institute of Electrology. Attend the inauguration ceremony of Warsaw Radium Research Institute.

1933 66-year-old Aurio Curie and his wife discovered "producing radioactivity".

1934 the 67-year-old book "radioactivity" (two volumes) has been written and will be published next year. Blood cancer died of overexposure to radiation at the age of 67. On July 6th, he was buried in Curie's tomb in Paris.

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Einstein s speech in memory of Marie Curie;

"When a noble figure like Madame Curie ends her life, we should not just be satisfied with reviewing the contribution that her work has made to mankind. The significance of first-class figures to the times and historical process, in terms of their moral quality, may be greater than pure intellectual achievements. Even the latter depends on the degree of personality, which may exceed what is usually thought.

"I am fortunate to have a lofty and sincere friendship with Madame Curie for 20 years. I admire her great personality more and more. Her strength, the purity of her will, the strictness of her self-discipline, her objectivity and her fair judgment-all these are rarely concentrated on one person. She always realizes that she is a public servant of society. She is very modest and never complacent. Because of the harshness and unfairness of society, her mood is always depressed. This makes her have that kind of serious appearance, and it is easy for people who are not close to her to misunderstand-this is a rare seriousness that no artistic temperament can escape. Once she realized that a certain road was right, she persisted uncompromisingly and stubbornly.

"The greatest scientific achievement in her life-proving the existence of radioactive elements and separating them-depends not only on bold intuition, but also on the enthusiasm and tenacity of working under unimaginable extreme difficulties. Such difficulties are rare in the history of experimental science.

Note: Mourning for Marie Curie is selected from Collected Works of Einstein, Volume 1 (Commercial Press, 1976). Translated by Xu and Fan Dainian. Albert Einstein (1879— 1955), an American physicist, is famous for his theory of relativity.

This is Einstein's123 speech at Madame Curie's memorial service held at the Rorich Museum in new york. Instead of repeating Madame Curie's great achievements in science, he praised the great influence of Madame Curie's great personality.

After graduating from high school, she worked as a tutor in the city and the countryside for seven years. After accumulating a little tuition, she came to Paris to study related books. At that time, there were few female students in universities. This beautiful exotic woman with high forehead, blue eyes and slender figure quickly became the center of discussion. In order to see her more or get together to say a few words, male students often crowded in the corridor outside the classroom. Her girlfriend even tried to drive away these admirers with an umbrella handle, but she dismissed the excitement. She arrives first every day and sits in the front row, giving those who look for it a heartless back of the head. She is always wrapped in a layer of frosty armor, which makes those "groupies" afraid to approach. She used to live at her sister's house. In order to be quiet, she rented a small attic, ate only one meal a day and studied hard day and night. It was too cold to sleep at night, so I pulled a chair on my body to get a little warmth. This kind of enterprising spirit, which is indifferent, is difficult for ordinary men to do. Song Yu said that a beautiful woman looked at him on the wall for three years without being tempted. Fan Zhongyan studied in a ruined temple before entering Jinshi. He cooked a bowl of porridge in the morning, cooled it and divided it into four portions, which is the daily ration. On the other side of the world in France, a Polish woman is so calm, so persistent, so able to endure the biting cold. At the tender age of 25, she is indifferent to the tide of suitors. As long as she releases her hand a little and turns her head back, she will fall back into the soft embrace and the bubble of praise. But she is ambitious, ambitious. She knows that only by discovering the flower of creation can there be eternal beauty.

Edit this character story, simple life.

1895 When Madame Curie and pierre curie got married, there were only two chairs in the new house, one for each person. Pierre curie felt that there were too few chairs, so he suggested adding more chairs to prevent the guests from having nowhere to sit. But Madame Curie said, "It's good to have a chair, but the guests won't leave once they sit down. In order to have more time to do research, forget it. "

Since 19 13, Madame Curie's annual salary has increased to 40,000 francs, but she is still "stingy". Every time she comes back from abroad, she always brings back some party menus, because these menus are very thick and good pieces of paper, which are easy to write on the back. No wonder some people say that Madame Curie was "like a poor woman in a hurry" until her death.

Once, an American journalist went to visit Madame Curie. He went to the door of a fisherman's house in the village and asked a woman sitting barefoot on the slate at the door about Madame Curie's residence. The woman looked up and the reporter was surprised: it turned out that she was Madame Curie.

Teach your daughter well

Eugene Curie Sophie-Claire Curie Jacques Curie pierre curie Marie Curie Frederic Joliot-Curie Irena Joliot-Curie Eve Curie henry richardson Labouisse Michelle Langevin Elena Langevin-Aurio Pierre Aurio Yves Langevin

The genealogy above is Madame Curie's genealogy.

Madame Curie has two daughters. Grasping the age advantage of intellectual development is an important "trick" for Madame Curie to develop children's intelligence. As early as when her daughter was less than one year old, Madame Curie instructed her children to carry out intellectual gymnastics training for children, guided them to get in touch with strangers extensively, went to the zoo to see animals, and let them learn to swim and enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature. When the children are older, she teaches them to do an artistic intellectual gymnastics, sing children's songs and tell fairy tales. When they are older, let them have intellectual training, teach them to read, play the piano, make handicrafts and so on, and teach them to ride bicycles and horses. After Madame Curie and her husband won the Nobel Prize, two generations cultivated by Madame Curie also won the Nobel Prize: the eldest daughter Elena was a nuclear physicist, and her husband Aurio won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering artificial radioactive substances. The second daughter Eve is a musician and biographer. Her husband won the 1956 Nobel Peace Prize as the Director-General of UNICEF.

be absorbed in

A few decades ago, there was a little girl named Mary in Poland. She was very absorbed in her studies. No amount of noise around can distract her.

Once, Mary was doing her homework, and her sister and classmates sang, danced and played games in front of her. Mary was absorbed in reading as if she didn't see it.

My sister and classmates want to test her. They quietly set up some stools behind Mary, and whenever Mary moved, the stools would fall down. One minute passed, and Mary finished reading a book, and the stool was still standing there.

Since then, my sister and classmates have never made fun of her, and like Mary, they concentrate on reading and study hard.

She is Madame Curie.

Edit this paragraph to get an honorary bonus.

1898 June Prize of Paris Academy of Sciences.

Paris academy of sciences 1900 Joune prize.

1902 June Prize of Paris Academy of Sciences.

1903 nobel prize in physics (shared with henry beck rael and pierre curie).

1904 Ausili Award (presented by the Paris newspaper syndicate and won by Eduardo Branly).

1907 Aker Tognan Award of the Royal Society of Science.

19 1 1 nobel prize in chemistry.

192 1 Ellen Richards research award.

1924 Marquis Jean-Deyi Award 1923, bronze medal, National Industry Promotion Association.

193 1 Cameron Award, awarded by the University of Edinburgh.

medal

1903 Berthelot medal (shared with pierre curie).

1903 Paris medal of honor (shared with pierre curie).

1903 Order of David of the Royal Society of London (with pierre curie).

1904 Mathieu medal of Italian scientific society (with pierre curie).

1908 Cherman daikin medal, lear industrial association.

1909 Elliot Christen gold award, Franklin institute.

Albert Medal 19 10, Royal Art Association of London.

19 19 the great cross of Alfonce XII.

192 1 Benjamin Franklin medal, American philosophical society, Ferrara Delfia.

192 1 John Scott medal, American philosophical society, Ferra Delfia.

192 1 National Academy of Social Sciences Gold Award, new york.

192 1 William Gibbs Medal, American Chemical Society, Chicago.

1922 gold medal of American Radiological Society.

1924 first prize of Romanian government, with certificate and gold medal.

1929 Medal of new york Women's Clubs Federation.

193 1 American academy of radiology medal.

title of honour

1904 Honorary member of the Moscow Association of Friends of Imperial Anthropology and Ethnography.

1904 honorary member of the royal society of science.

1904 Foreign member of London Chemical Society.

1904 Correspondence member of Batawi Philosophy Society.

1904 Honorary member of Mexican Physical Society.

1904 honorary academician of Mexican academy of sciences.

1904 honorary member of Warsaw business promotion Committee.

1906 correspondent member of the Argentine scientific society.

1907 Foreign member of Dutch Science Society.

1907 honorary doctor of law, University of Edinburgh.

1908 academician of communication, Imperial College St. Petersburg.

1908 Honorary member of Bronsvik Natural Science Society.

1909 Honorary Doctor of Medicine, University of Geneva.

1909 communication researcher, bologna academy of sciences.

1909 academician of Czech academy of science, literature and art for foreign cooperation.

1909 honorary staff of Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.

1909 is currently an academician of Krakow Academy of Sciences.

19 10 is currently an academician of the Chilean academy of sciences.

19 10 Member of American Philosophical Society.

19 10 foreign academician of the royal academy of sciences of Swedish academy.

19 10 Member of American Chemical Society.

19 10 Honorary member of the London Physical Society.

19 1 1 Honorary member of the London Psychic Research Society.

19 1 1 external vehicle communication member of Portuguese Academy of Sciences.

19 1 1 Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Manchester.

19 12 honorary member of Belgian chemical society.

19 12 cooperative member of St. Petersburg imperial experimental medical research institute.

19 12 Full member of Warsaw Science Society.

19 12 honorary staff of philosophy department of rumburg university.

19 12 Member of Warsaw Photography Society.

19 12 honorary doctor of rumburg technical school.

19 12 honorary member of Werner scientific society.

19 13 Special Research Fellow, Royal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam (Department of Mathematics and Department of Physics)

19 13 honorary doctor of Birmingham university.

19 13 honorary member of Edinburgh Federation of Science and Arts.

1965438+2004 Honorary member of Physical Medicine Society of Moscow University.

1965438+Honorary member of Cambridge Philosophical Society in 2004.

1965438+Honorary member of London Institute of Health Research in 2004.

19 14 Communication researcher, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.

19 18 honorary member of the royal Spanish society of medical electricity and medical radiology.

19 19 honorary chairman of the royal Spanish society of medical electricity and medical radiology.

19 19 honorary president of Madrid radium research institute.

19 19 honorary professor of Warsaw university.

19 19 Member of Polish Chemical Society.

1920 general academician of the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Literature.

192 1 year Honorary Doctor of Science, Yale University.

192 1 year Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Chicago.

192 1 year Honorary Doctor of Science, Northwest University.

192 1 year Honorary Doctor of Science, Smith College.

192 1 year Honorary Doctor of Science from Wellesley College.

192 1 honorary doctor of Pennsylvania women's medical college.

192 1 year Honorary Doctor of Science from Columbia University

192 1 Honorary Doctor of Science and Law, University of Pittsburgh.

192 1 year Honorary Doctor of Law, University of Pennsylvania.

192 1 honorary member of buffalo natural science society.

192 1 honorary member of new york mineralogy club.

192 1 Honorary member of American Radiological Society.

192 1 Honorary member of the New England Federation of Chemistry Teachers.

192 1 honorary member of American Museum of Natural History.

192 1 honorary member of New Jersey Chemical Society.

192 1 honorary member of industrial chemistry society.

192 1 year, academician of Ania bachelor's college in Christie.

192 1 honorary academician of Knox college of arts and sciences.

192 1 honorary member of American radium society.

Honorary member of Norwegian Medical Radiology Society 192 1 year.

1922 Honorary member of the French Federation of new york.

1922 Academician of Free Cooperation of Paris Academy of Medical Sciences.

1922 honorary member of Belgian Russian science group.

1923 honorary member of Romanian medical mineral spring and climatology society.

1923 Honorary Doctor of Law, University of Edinburgh.

1923 honorary member of Czechoslovakia Mathematicians and Physics Federation in Prague.

1924 honorary citizen of Warsaw.

The name of 1924 is engraved side by side with Baxter on a building in New York City Hall.

1924 honorary doctor of polish chemical society in Warsaw.

1924 Honorary Doctor of Medicine, Krakow University.

1924 Honorary Doctor of Philosophy, Krakow University.

1924 Add Honorary Citizen.

1924 honorary member of Athens Psychic Research Association.

1925 Honorary member of Polish lublin Medical Association.

1926 Marlowe is an ordinary member of Pope Thiberg.

1926 honorary member of the chemical society of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

1926 Academician of Communication, Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

1926 Honorary member of Brazilian Feminist Development Federation.

1926 honorary member of the pharmaceutical and chemical society of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

1926 Honorary Doctor, Department of Chemistry, Warsaw Institute of Technology.

1927 honorary academician of Moscow academy of sciences.

1927 honorary member of bohemian society of literature and science.

1927 honorary academician of the Soviet academy of sciences.

1927 Honorary member of American Interstate Medical Graduate Association.

1927 honorary member of new Zealand research institute.

1929 honorary member of Poznan Association of Friends of Science, Poland.

1929 honorary doctor of law, University of Glasgow.

1929 Glasgow Citizen Honorary Citizen.

1929 Honorary Doctor of Science, University of St. Lawrence.

1929 honorary academician of new york academy of medical sciences.

1929 honorary member of polish medical and dental union.

1930 Honorary member of French Association of Inventors and Scholars.

1930 honorary chairman of the French association of inventors and scholars.

Honorary member of Geneva World Peace Federation 193 1.

193 1 year honorary staff of American Institute of Radiology.

193 1 year, foreign exchange researcher at Madrid Institute of Pure Physics and Natural Sciences.

1932 Academician of the Royal German Academy of Natural Sciences.

1932 honorary member of Warsaw medical association.

1932 honorary member of Czech chemical society.

1933 Honorary member of British Radiological Society and Roentgen Society in London.

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About radioactivity

Research on radioactive materials

The wisdom of modern people

In memory of pierre curie