What are the real photos of space that have not been artificially processed?

I spent a year in the astrophotography pit and took many photos of deep space objects, such as the Andromeda galaxy (M3 1) just taken two months ago:

Orion nebula (M42):

Heart-shaped nebula (IC 1805);

Horsehead nebula (IC 434):

Of course, the photos of these deep space objects are all post-processed. Deep space objects are very dim, so it takes a long time to expose them. Generally, a single sheet is exposed for a few minutes, and then multiple sheets are superimposed into one sheet, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and obtain ideal photos.

I use SLR+Newton's reflective astronomical telescope, with the aperture of 150mm +EQ5 equatorial telescope +MPCC)+ star guide mirror &; Star guide camera. Take the Andromeda galaxy as an example. In order to photograph this galaxy visible to the naked eye, we first use the equatorial telescope goto to the Andromeda galaxy, and then use the equatorial telescope to track it. Under the guidance of the stars, we always aim the astronomical telescope at the Andromeda galaxy, so that the photographed stars will not be pulled. Expose a single sheet for 5 minutes and get the following unprocessed RAW photos:

A total of 12 photos were taken and various calibration frames were taken. Then, overlay these photos together with software to get the following pictures:

Because the superimposed picture is 16 bit, the human eye can't adapt to this linear picture, so it looks almost black. So other software is needed to stretch this linear picture, which is called DDP process. After DDP, the picture will be suitable for human eyes to watch, so many details can be presented. The final processed picture of Andromeda galaxy is as follows:

Because 12 photos exposed for 5 minutes are superimposed, this is equivalent to exposure 1 hour.

The following picture shows the cigar galaxy (M82 on the left) and the Bode galaxy (M8 1 20,000) located at a distance of1. 6 photos exposed for 5 minutes are superimposed, and the cumulative exposure time is 30 minutes:

Delta galaxy (M33) with cumulative exposure of 80 minutes;

Eagle nebula (m16) with cumulative exposure of 20 minutes;

Reef Lake Nebula (M8), with cumulative exposure for 20 minutes;

Rose nebula (NGC 2237) with cumulative exposure of 55 minutes;

Crab nebula with cumulative exposure of 1 hour (M 1);

M78 nebula, cumulative exposure 1 hour;

Pleiades Cluster (M45) cumulative exposure for 30 minutes:

Spiral nebula (NGC 7293) with accumulated exposure for 55 minutes;

Open cluster M52 and bubble nebula (NGC 7635), cumulative exposure 10 minute;

Low Earth orbit three-star system (NGC 3628, M65, M66) with cumulative exposure of 70 minutes;

Windmill galaxy exposed for 80 minutes (M 10 1):

Straw hat galaxy with cumulative exposure 1 hour (M 104):

The spiral galaxy (M5 1) and its companion galaxy M5 1a were exposed for 2 hours.

Christmas comet 46p/wirtanen with cumulative exposure for 20 minutes;

This year's Mid-Autumn Festival full moon:

Io lingmu:

The black dot in the above picture is Io's shadow on Jupiter.

Venus profit and loss:

Final equipment drawings:

Take a new Pleiades photo, one year after the last photo, and the cumulative exposure time of this photo is 2.75 hours:

The Pleiades is easy to see with the naked eye. This open cluster is about 440 light-years away from the earth and is located in the direction of Taurus. Most of the stars in the Pleiades are bright blue stars, which were formed more than 654.38 billion years ago. There are 9 stars visible to the naked eye, actually including 3000.