Seek a philosophical paper on contingency and inevitability

Necessity: refers to the inevitable trend of the connection and development of things.

Contingency: refers to the uncertain trend in the connection and development of things. Accidental things may or may not happen.

Second, the emergence of contingency.

The occurrence of events is controlled by many factors, and only when all factors are met can events occur. Comply with the principle of multiplication, expressed as:

For example, in the simplest case (2 factors), there are:

Let the factor 1 be certain and the factor 2 be uncertain. Thus, when factor 2 is unavailable (factor 2=0), the event does not occur (event = 0); When factor 2 has (factor 2≠0), an event occurs (event ≠0). For the factor 1, the event is accidental. When the factor 1 is available, the event may or may not occur. The contingency of the event depends on the availability of factor 2 and factor 2. When factor 2 has many times, contingency tends to be inevitable. When the factor 2 is always available, as long as the factor 1 appears, the event will inevitably happen, which is inevitability.

For multi-factor events, the same is true for two-factor events. The more factors, the smaller the probability of an event. Too many factors make it impossible.

For example, seeds will germinate under proper temperature and conditions. This is inevitable. The occurrence of historical events is accidental, and only a few conditions will happen together. Before the time comes, it is futile for individuals to try again.

The existence of accidental phenomena is rooted in insufficient conditions.

Third, the relationship between contingency and inevitability.

From the perspective of contingency, contingency and inevitability do not have the following relationship:

1, inevitability stems from the fundamental contradiction within things (the so-called fundamental contradiction refers to the contradiction that runs through the development process of things and stipulates the basic nature of things), and the occurrence of contingency is mainly caused by the non-fundamental contradiction or external conditions of things.

Because the occurrence of events is the result of the interaction of internal and external factors, and because only internal fundamental contradictions will not occur, it is wrong for internal contradictions to determine inevitability. Similarly, if there are only external contradictions, the incident will not happen, so accidental events cannot be attributed to external contradictions.

Therefore, it is unreasonable to attribute inevitable events to inevitable factors and accidental events to accidental factors, which is the embodiment of circular argument.

Internal contradictions are as important as external contradictions.

2. Necessity plays a leading role in the development of things and determines the direction of development and change of things, while contingency plays a subordinate role in the development of things and can only accelerate or delay the development of things.

Because from the perspective of contingency, compared with inevitability, contingency is only caused by insufficient conditions. The difference between contingency and inevitability lies in the difference of probability, and there is no difference of status. Therefore, inevitability is dominant and contingency is subordinate.

3. Contingency is the manifestation and necessary supplement of inevitability, which is hidden behind and dominated by inevitability.

Since the dominant position is not inevitable, of course, there is no problem of performance and concealment.