Who was the last shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate? What is his end?

Tokugawa Keiki (September 29, the eighth year of Tenpo (October 28, 1837) - November 22, the second year of Taisho (1913)) the 15th of the Edo Shogunate (Tokugawa Shogunate) The acting general is also the last general.

Shogunal career

Born in the Mito family, one of the three Tokugawa families, his father is Tokugawa Saiaki, and his mother, Tomimiya Yoshiko, is Saicho's main wife. The seventh among many brothers. When he was 11 years old, he was adopted by the general Tokugawa Ieyei into the family of Hitotsubashi, one of the three imperial ministers, as his adopted son until he became a general. Facing its decline, Qingxi originally hoped to use French assistance to Westernize after taking over (obtaining a French loan of US$6 million to recruit French officers, purchase weapons and ships, and form a Japanese-French company to develop industry and commerce). Reform the shogunate. Unexpectedly, in July 1866, the new French Foreign Minister Marguis de Moustiers took charge of the government and no longer supported the diplomatic line of French Minister Rothschild to unite the shogunate. Instead, he adopted the same front as the British and tended to form a deliberation government that would dissolve the shogunate. Hiton lost foreign aid, and at the end of 1866, Emperor Komei, who had always supported the integration of public and military forces and opposed the overthrow of the shogunate, died suddenly (so it was rumored that it was the work of the shogunate faction), which further destroyed Kexi's dream of maintaining the legitimacy of the shogunate's regime.

As a result, in June 1867, Sakamoto Ryoma and Goto Shojiro of the Tosa Domain formulated the "Eight Strategies in the Boat", advocating that the shogunate return the great power and form a daimyo public council government led by the emperor, which achieved great success. Satsuma Domain, Tosa Domain and An Yun Domain signed an agreement to support. In September 1867, the Satsuma Domain and the Choshu Domain reached an agreement to send troops, and later joined the Yunshu Domain to form the Overthrow Alliance; in October, representatives of the three feudal lords gathered in Kyoto, obtained the emperor's secret edict to suppress the war, and decided to send troops. In order to avoid a civil war in Japan, Qingxi took the initiative to hold a ceremony to return the great power to the emperor in Nijo Castle. The emperor promulgated the "Order for the Restoration of Imperial Government" and abolished the shogunate. Qingxi hopes to use this as a trick to eventually retain its strength under the new political system in order to regain its dominance. However, the Overthrow Alliance did not trust the actions of the shogunate and was determined to launch a coup in the name of "restoration of imperial rule" and establish a new government led by the emperor.

Faced with the harsh demands of the imperial court and the overthrowing faction, Qingxi was forced to fight, leading 15,000 shogunate troops to attack Kyoto from Osaka, and fought a decisive battle against 5,000 government troops, and finally the shogunate army However, they were defeated in Toba and Fushimi, and Qingxi had to flee back to Edo.

In the end, Keiki agreed to surrender under the lobbying of the navy's Katsu Kaishu. In May 1868, Tokugawa Keki handed over Edo and renamed it Shizuoka, receiving 700,000 koku of land. It ended under the 265-year rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Retired to life

After retiring as a shogun, Tokugawa Yoshiki's interest in political activities significantly decreased. Even some of his old retainers served in the new government. To avoid suspicion, he tried his best to avoid suspicion. Avoiding suspicion and not meeting each other. Instead, he is keen on engaging in interesting life such as photography, hunting, and folk song research. He enjoys a certain place in the history of photography in Japan. The governor of the Tokugawa clan was succeeded by his adopted son Tokugawa Iatetsu, Kamenosuke of the Tian Yasu clan. In 1897 (Meiji 30), he returned to Tokyo from Shizuoka to live. The next year, he went to the Imperial Palace (formerly Edo Castle) to visit Emperor Meiji. Previously, he had been influenced by the popular King-respecting doctrine of the Mito Domain since he was a child and believed that he was a rebellious minister and traitor, so he had never met the Emperor. In 1902 (the 35th year of Meiji), he was canonized as a duke. Died of pneumonia in 1913 at the age of seventy-six.