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When the corners of the mouth are pulled outward, a smile is formed, which often leads to dimples on the cheeks, commonly known as "dimples". With the increase of age, the skin here relaxes and forms cheek lines.

(9) The orbicularis oris muscle is annular and splits around the mouth. The inner circumference is a red lip part. When contracting, the lips are lightly closed or tightly closed, and when the outer circumference contracts, the lips are raised.

(10) The descending muscle of trapezius muscle is triangular, located outside the lower lip, covering the trapezius muscle of labia minora and adhering to the skin of the corners of the mouth. When you contract, pull this angle down.

(1 1) The quadratus labialis muscle is a kind of deep muscle, which starts from the lower edge of the mandible and ends at the corners of the mouth and the skin of the lower lip. When contracting, pull the lower lip downward and outward.

(12) Buccal muscle begins outside the alveolar space of mandibular lateral incisors and ends at the forehead skin. When contracting, you can lift the forehead skin and make the upper lip protrude forward.

(13) Buccal muscle is located between maxilla and mandible and clings to buccal mucosa of oral cavity. When contracting, make the oral cavity and buccal mucosa close to the teeth to help suck and chew.

2. Masticatory muscles

Masticatory muscles are attached to the bone surface near the maxillary edge and mandibular angle, which produces chewing movement and helps to speak.

(1) The temporal muscle starts from the temporal fossa, passes through the deep surface of zygomatic arch, and ends at the coronal process of mandibular branch. When contracting, lift your jaw and close your mouth to help you chew.

(2) The masseter muscle, also called masseter muscle, starts from the lower edge of zygomatic arch and ends outside the mandibular branch. When contracting, the mandible can be lifted, so that the mandible can be tightly fastened and pressed against the teeth, so that the upper and lower teeth can be strongly occluded.

No matter how complicated facial muscle growth is, the wrinkles it forms are perpendicular to the muscle lines. If the forehead muscle line is vertical, then the wrinkles it produces are horizontal. Most facial expression muscles grow from the eyes and corners of the mouth. Therefore, between the corners of the mouth, the corners of the eyes and the eyebrows, the appearance changes subtly due to the contraction of facial expression muscles, reflecting various expressions. Except for the orbicularis oris muscle, facial muscles are equally matched.

Facial and facial features ratio

Makeup is mainly a skill based on the objective conditions of the face, so the makeup artist must know the names and related knowledge of various parts of the face in order to achieve the desired effect.

First, facial structure analysis.

When makeup artists make up, they must accurately grasp the names of facial features and understand the local names and proportional relationships of the five senses, which is necessary for future study.

1. Facial appearance (Figure 1-4)

(1) Frontal brow to hairline.

(2) The brow ridge grows on the protruding part of the eyebrow.

(3) Eyebrows are located in a bunch of short arc hairs on the orbital margin.

(4) the part between the eyebrows.

(5) Eyelids surround the skin tissue around the eyes, with eyelashes at the edge, commonly known as "eyelids". Eyelids are divided into upper eyelids and lower eyelids.

(6) The corner of the eye is also called the corner of the eye. The canthus is divided into inner canthus and outer canthus.

(7) Orbit formed by the outer edge of eyelid.

(8) The nose of the bridge of the nose is called the root of the nose at the top and the tip of the nose at the bottom.

(9) The parts on both sides of the alar tip.

(10) The concave parts on both sides of the alar of nasolabial groove.

(1 1) nasal cavity.

(12) Cheeks are located on both sides of the face, from the eyes to the chin.

cheek

(13) The muscle tissue around the lips is commonly called "lips".

(14) Jaw is the bone and muscle tissue of upper and lower parts of oral cavity, the upper part is called mandible, and the lower part is called mandible.

(15) The chin is located below the lips and the lowest part of the face, commonly known as the chin.

2. Proportion of five senses

Since ancient times, oval face and symmetrical facial features have been recognized as the most ideal "beauty" standard. The length and width of the oval face are determined by the proportional structure of the five senses. The proportion of facial features is generally based on "three courts and five eyes", which is an incisive summary of face shape and has important reference value for facial makeup.

The so-called "three points" refers to the length of the face, that is, it is divided into three equal parts from the hairline of the forehead to the chin, so it is called "three points". "Going to court" is the distance from the hairline of the forehead to the brow, that is, the forehead and length; "Atrium" is the distance from the forehead to the bottom of the nose, which is the length of the nose; "Downward protrusion" refers to the distance between the nasal root and the mental root (Figure 1-5), each of which accounts for 1/3 of the surface length. The so-called "five eyes" refers to the width of the face. Divide the width of the face into five equal parts according to the length of the eyes. The distance between the inner corner of the eye should be the length of one eye, and the distance between the outer corner of the eye and the ear holes on both sides should be the width of one eye (Figure 1-5). Facts have proved that the proportion of "three courts and five eyes" is completely suitable for the proportion of China's five senses.

The types and characteristics of head and face are different.

When studying the universality of head and face structure, we should also study its particularity in individuals. What is analyzed here is only the race, age and gender differences of the head and face, as well as the face differences caused by the influence of bones and muscles.

(1) Ethnic differences Human races are mainly divided into yellow, white and black. In the competition, there are various nationalities. They are different from each other and form certain characteristics. Before making up, we should first understand the basic physical characteristics of the head and face (size, width, etc.). Because one of the purposes of makeup is to adjust the physical characteristics of the head and face and enhance the three-dimensional sense. Due to different races, skulls can be roughly divided into two categories: long skull type and round skull type (Figure 1-6). Both whites and blacks belong to the long skull type. The face of the long skull race is convex and three-dimensional; The yellow race belongs to the round head type, and the face of the round head race is round and flat.

In makeup modeling, we can give full play to the advantages of different skull types to make up for the disadvantages. The main characteristics of the three races are as follows: white people have long heads, small cheekbones, straight noses, bow-hook shapes, thin lips, close eyebrows, soft hair and golden hair; Yellow people have slightly convex jaws, high and horizontal cheekbones, flat nose, large eyebrow spacing, moderate lip thickness, hard and straight hair, and black and bright hair color. Black people tend to have rectangular heads, flat noses, prominent jaws, wide lips, spiral curly hair and black hair (both men and women have no long hair) (Figure 1-7).

(2) The difference between men and women (Figure 1-8) Male has a square head, a large fluctuation of skeletal muscles and a backward forehead; A woman's head is round, her chin is slightly pointed, her bones and muscles are slightly undulating, and her forehead is flat; Old people's teeth fall off, gums sag, lips contract and chin protrudes; Because the mandible is not fully developed, the chin is adducted and the skull is larger.

(3) Difference of five senses (Figure 1-9) Difference of five senses is more important for individual characteristics. The size and growth trend of eyes, eyebrows, ears, lips and nose vary greatly. This is what we usually see: hanging eyes and squinting; Hook nose, flat nose; Ye Mei, a word eyebrow, etc. Another example is that the angles of maxillary and mandibular protrusion are different, which makes maxillary and mandibular protrusion. The different tangents of the lower teeth cause direct occlusion, open occlusion and cross occlusion, which affect the shape of the mouth.