Types of Yueyang Tower

The Story of Yueyang Tower is an essay written by Fan Zhongyan, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, on September 15th, six years (1046 65438+ 10/7) at the request of Teng Zijing, a good friend of Baling County, to rebuild Yueyang Tower.

By writing about the scenery of Yueyang Tower and the different feelings brought by rainy days and sunny days, the article reveals the benevolent heart of the ancients who "don't like things, don't grieve for themselves", and also expresses his patriotic feelings of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".

Full-text narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion are integrated, and the combination of static and dynamic, contrast between light and dark, concise words and harmonious syllables make it an innovation of miscellaneous notes to compare scenes with couplets.

Extended data

Literary genres include:

1 and fu

A style in ancient China, which emphasized literary talent and rhythm, was both poetic and poetic. It is characterized by "spreading articles, writing things and writing ambitions", focusing on writing scenery and expressing emotions through scenery.

It first appeared in hundred schools of thought's essays and was called "short fu"; Qu Yuan's "Sao Style" is a transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao Fu". The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty, which is called "Ci Fu". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose". In the Tang dynasty, it changed from parallel style to regular style, which was called "law fu"; In Song Dynasty, Fu appeared in the form of prose, which was called "Wen Fu".

Famous Fu include: Fu of Epang Palace by Du Mu, Fu of Autumn Sound by Ouyang Xiu, Fu of Thousand Chibi by Su Shi, etc.

2. Parallel prose

Originated from the Han and Wei Dynasties, it was formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and prevailed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It appears alternately with four characters and six characters, and is called "Liu Siwen" in the world. Parallel prose often affects the expression of content by accommodating sentence patterns and piling up words. After Han and Liu advocated the ancient prose movement, parallel prose gradually declined. The most famous is The Book with Zhu written by Wu Liangjun in the Southern Dynasties.

3. Original text

The original intention is the ancient argumentative style. This style is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, and it is highly theoretical. Such as Han Yu's Original Extinction and Huang Zongxi's Original King.

4. Debate

"Debate" is to argue about right and wrong, not true and false. This style is characterized by refuting a wrong argument or discriminating some facts. For example, Han Yu's Debate on Taboo and Liu Zongyuan's Debate on Dong Xiong.

Step 5 say

The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles. It was not much different from Lun, so it was later collectively referred to as reasoning analysis. On the preface to the essay, it says: "The speaker explains, explains the meaning, and explains with his own meaning." Such as Shi Shuo, Ma Shuo, Young China Shuo, Snake Catcher Shuo and Huang Sheng Borrowing Books Shuo.

6. at

A writing style. For example, The Six Kingdoms and Guo Qin.

7. Commemoration

Ancient ministers collectively went to court. Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on.

(1), sparse. It means detailed report. For example, Jia Yi's On Accumulation and Sparse Storage.

2. Table. Just stating a point or something. Such as Zhuge Liang's "model".

(3) countermeasures. In ancient exams, the topic was strategy, so that candidates could answer strategies, and the articles that candidates answered were called countermeasures, such as Su Shi's "Teaching War and Defending Strategies".

8. Preface

Foreword is also called "preface" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface", it is an article that explains the intention, arrangement style and author of writing or publishing a book. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues. "Preface" is usually written in front of a book or article, and what is listed at the back of the book is called "postscript" or "postscript".

This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository that explains the writing purpose, style and content. Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. For example, the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to Guide to the South, and the Biography of Lingguan.

9. inscription

In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or describe merits were called "Ming". Inscriptions carved on cards and placed on the right side of the case to protect themselves, such as Liu Yuxi's "My Humble Room", are called "mottos". An epitaph is carved on a stone tablet to describe the life of the deceased and praise the memory. Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou.

10, eulogy

Articles read when offering sacrifices to the dead or gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. There are two genres: verse and prose. The content is to remember the main experiences of the deceased before his death, to praise his main moral character and achievements, to mourn and to inspire the living. Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law".

1 1, miscellaneous description

(1), mountains and rivers, scenery and personnel miscellaneous notes. Descriptions of mountains and rivers, scenery and people, such as "Little Stone Pond" and "Mount Tai".

(2) Precautions. Mainly notes, characterized by short length, about 1000 words; Rich in content, there are historical anecdotes, heritages, literary essays, people's essays, science novels, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes and so on. Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Meng Qian Bi Tan are such styles.

12, Travel Notes

Travel notes are a form of prose describing travel experiences. Travel notes have a wide range of materials, which can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record the peculiar richness of local customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, and also record the major events of a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings.

The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, giving people rich social knowledge and good feelings. Travel notes are argumentative essays, such as Yueyang Tower and You Bao Chan. There are scientific ones, such as the Three Gorges in Li Daoyuan; Some are lyrical, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond.

13, prose

Prose is a flexible literary genre, in which the author writes his true feelings and experiences.

14, fairy tale

A children's literature. Through rich imagination, fantasy and exaggeration to shape characters, reflect life and educate children ideologically. The language of fairy tales is popular, vivid, vivid, bizarre, tortuous and full of interest.

The anthropomorphic description of natural scenery can adapt to children's psychology and interest, stimulate people's imagination, and is conducive to their acceptance and transformation. Fairy tales selected as teaching materials are: Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes and Ye Shengtao's The Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes.

15, folk stories

The literary form formed by the oral creation of the masses has been passed down orally and has been continuously revised and processed by many people. The characteristics of folk stories: strong story and vivid plot; Spoken, simple and lively; Imagination is strange and rich; Often use exaggeration and metaphor, which has a strong artistic appeal.

In content, it comes from the people and mainly reflects the folk life. Some folk stories often have mythical fantasy plots and are full of magical colors. For example: fisherman's story, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, etc.

16, fable

This is a persuasive or ironic story. "Entrust" means "Entrust". Fables usually contain profound truths in simple stories, so that they can be used to describe each other, see the big from the small and compare the present with the ancient. They are used to personification. The language is concise and sharp.

Famous fables in European literature include Aesop's fables in ancient Greece. Fables prevailed in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and there were many fables in Zhuangzi, Han Feizi and other works, such as Zheng Ren buys shoes (Han Feizi), Fighting between snipes and mussels (Warring States Policy) and Carving a Boat for a Sword (Lv Chunqiu).

17, novel

A literary genre that mainly depicts characters and reflects social life through complete stories and environmental descriptions. Character, plot and environment are the three elements of a novel. The plot generally includes four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending, and some also include prologue and ending. Environment includes natural environment and social environment. ?

Novels can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and mini-novels (short stories) according to their length and capacity. According to the performance content, it can be divided into science fiction, case-solving, legend, martial arts, romance, fan, official and so on. According to the system, it can be divided into chapter novels, diary novels, epistolary novels and autobiographical novels. According to language forms, it can be divided into classical Chinese novels and vernacular novels.

The methods of portraying characters in novels include psychological description, action description, language description, appearance description and expression description. At the same time, novel is a way of writing.

Novel, poetry, prose and drama are also called "four major literary genres".

18, Poetry

A literary genre that expresses the author's rich emotions in highly concise language, reflects social life and has a certain rhythm and rhythm.

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