Introduction of 1,000 inverted porcelain jars with glazed beams in the hall of Shaanxi Provincial Museum of History

Many tourists are not familiar with the Millennium magic pot, the treasure of the town hall of Shaanxi History Museum. When people visit museums, they tend to ignore these collections. The long history is not enough to explain its value. More importantly, its exquisite shape and appearance are amazing, and it is indeed a national treasure artifact. Let's introduce it in detail below.

Shaanxi History Museum has collected such a national treasure porcelain pot. Unique and exquisite shape, with phoenix as handle and lion's mouth as spout. The peony, the king of flowers, is wrapped around the pot body, and the design is wonderful. The pot body is round, and the pot cover, the pot beam and the pot body are connected into a whole. It is called "magic pot" because it "pours the liquid backwards, and it doesn't leak when it is turned over".

What kind of internal structure and magic does this magical "magic pot" have? What kind of past life did this porcelain pot with ancient "light of wisdom" have? The reporter takes you into the Shaanxi History Museum and unveils the mystery of the "treasure of the town hall"-the blue glazed porcelain pot.

Green glaze hanging beam pouring porcelain jar

Title: National Treasure

Household registration time: 1968

Date of birth: 1000 years ago

Land: Bin County (now Binzhou City)

Current address: Shaanxi History Museum

Tel: (02985253806)

The collection of 17 17950 pieces (groups) in Shaanxi History Museum shuttles between rare treasures, as if it had passed through those dazzling times in history. Walking into the third exhibition hall of Shaanxi History Museum, a porcelain pot with exquisite workmanship and jade quality attracted many tourists to stop and enjoy it.

This porcelain pot is 18.3 cm in height and 14.3 cm in diameter, and it is an outstanding treasure in Yaozhou kiln porcelain. Porcelain pot has a phoenix-shaped beam, a nursing lioness is piled up at the junction of pot cover and pot body, and branch peony is carved on the spherical ampulla, which is called "Three Kings" pot. Unique shape, kettle cover and kettle body are connected into a whole, and the water injection hole is in the center of the bottom of the appliance. When in use, the pot should be turned upside down and liquid should be injected from the plum blossom hole at the bottom, so it is also called "magic pot" by the world.

This porcelain pot is one of the treasures of Shaanxi History Museum. 1996, the green glazed inverted beam porcelain pot was designated as a first-class cultural relic by the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Group. 20 13, the first-class cultural relics are prohibited from leaving the country; In 20 15, its replica was presented to Indian prime minister modi as a national gift.

1, the national treasure "magic pot" is awesome.

Close to the glass of the showcase, you will find that this olive green glazed porcelain pot is novel and unique in shape, with complicated and gorgeous patterns. The pot is round and shaped like an inverted persimmon. The lifting beam is a phoenix, with its head slightly tilted back, as if to spread its wings and fly. The spout is a lioness lying on her side with her mouth open, and a young lion snuggles up to the lioness and sucks milk, which is vivid and lifelike. The pot body is decorated with embossed peony flowers with lotus petals under it, and the lines are free and easy.

According to Zhuo vibration west, a famous Yaozhou kiln porcelain expert, this carved celadon pot is a treasure in Yaozhou kiln. Yaozhou Kiln began in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty and declined in Ming Dynasty. It is famous at home and abroad for its exquisite carved celadon. The carving technique is to carve the outline of the pattern vertically with a cutter, then carve it obliquely next to the pattern with a cutter, remove the sediment to make the pattern slightly convex, and then glaze and fire it. The finished product has clear patterns, distinct layers, crystal clear glaze color and strong three-dimensional sense.

So, how was such a beautiful and strange porcelain pot discovered? When was this pot and why was it recognized as a national treasure?

1968, a farmer accidentally dug up a porcelain pot in Chengguan Town, Bin County (now Binzhou City). He didn't think much, and left it at home. 1982, when his relative Gao returned home to visit relatives, he came across this strange pot, guessing that it should be a cultural relic, so he took it to consult a cultural relic expert.

Cultural relics experts were very excited when they saw this unique and beautifully decorated ancient porcelain pot, and thought it should be a rare Yaozhou kiln cultural relic. After many twists and turns, the farmer donated this porcelain pot to the then Shaanxi Provincial Museum.

Once this pot came out, it attracted the attention of cultural relics experts. Ancient ceramics experts found that the surface of the pot was moist and shiny, and the pot body was round, but it couldn't be opened with a lid and I didn't know where to fill it. Extremely exquisite, the whole body is carved with patterns, and the shape is vivid and quite three-dimensional. Faced with such a puzzling pot-shaped object, experts call it a "magic pot".

With further identification, experts believe that judging from the perspective of ceramic technology, the "magic pot" has a solid matrix, delicate texture, light blue glaze and full and luxurious overall shape, which should be a rare treasure in Yaozhou kiln porcelain of the Five Dynasties. Because Yaozhou Kiln started firing celadon in the Tang Dynasty, influenced by Nanyue Kiln in the Five Dynasties, celadon was mainly fired, and the quality of celadon was obviously improved compared with that in the Tang Dynasty. The Five Dynasties is the mature period of Yaozhou kiln celadon.

He Da _, director of the Cultural Relics Protection Department of Shaanxi History Museum, introduced that porcelain pots decorated upside down with blue glaze such as phoenix and peony show people's longing for a better life, thus reflecting an era of cultural prosperity and people's stable life.

1996 this "magic pot" has been designated as a "national treasure" cultural relic and is now collected in Shaanxi History Museum.

2, the magical "magic" is intriguing.

The "magic pot" perfectly combines novel and unique shapes, sharp and clear patterns and green glaze, just like a masterpiece. However, compared with its unparalleled artistic value, the "magic pot" is more attractive for its unique design.

Experts marvel at its exquisite appearance and are eager to know more about this exquisite vessel. It looks like a pot. Experts found that the lid and body of the pot were designed and manufactured as a whole and could not be opened at all. Only the bottom of the pot has a five-petal plum blossom hole, which is the only passage that can enter the pot except the spout. So they tried to fill the pot with water from the plum blossom hole at the bottom. Unexpectedly, after the pot body is turned over, water will not leak from the plum blossom hole at the bottom of the pot. When the pot body is slightly tilted, water can normally flow out slowly from the spout. The actual test shows that the pot can hold 9 10 ml of water.

In order to understand the mysterious "magic pot", experts used modern scientific and technological means to make an X-ray "perspective" on the "magic pot". By looking at the cross section of the "magic pot", we can see that there are two conduits in the pot, and we can judge that the pot is actually a reflux pot. Reflux pot is a kind of pot that can inject liquid from the bottom of the pot and pour it out from the spout normally. It is made according to the principle of equal liquid level in the communicator in physics: there is only one liquid in the communicator, and when the liquid does not flow, the liquid levels on both sides of the container are always horizontal. As a result, the mystery of the "magic pot" has no lid that can be lifted, but there is a mysterious plum blossom hole at the bottom of the pot.

The idea of pouring the porcelain pot upside down with green glaze is very clever and surprising. The whimsy in appearance and structure embodies the unique personality of ancient craftsmen. "I am full of poetry and complacency"-the reflux tank is the best annotation of this poem. At present, there are several names for this kind of pot, such as pouring pot and pouring pot.

According to historical records, with the passage of time, the production level of reflux pot is getting higher and higher, and later it can be made into the style of multi-liner, which can pour different liquids from one pot. At the same time, it also implies a philosophy of "extremes meet": the end point of the inverted pot is positive, and the end point of the inverted pot is positive. No matter how extreme things are, you can't do anything beyond the limit.

After visiting the pouring pot, many foreigners said with admiration, "Your ancestors knew about sealing and hygiene more than 1000 years ago, which is really amazing."

3. Exquisite skills are amazing

This blue glazed inverted beam porcelain pot shows the superb level of porcelain-making technology in Yaozhou Kiln of the Five Dynasties. Its decorative patterns are complicated and gorgeous, and its manufacturing technology is exquisite, which embodies the painstaking efforts and wisdom of skilled craftsmen.

According to He Da _, the green glazed beam potting pot is the most representative product of Yaozhou Kiln. In the past, watering pots were all made by hand, while the green glaze watering pot integrated all Yaozhou kiln processes such as carving, engraving, stacking and pasting, and then it was manufactured, blank-made and fired, with low yield. Therefore, this artifact is a very important cultural relic in the history of China ceramics.

However, as early as more than a thousand years ago, how did the ancients make watering pots?

According to historical records, watering pots was the most famous in the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, its craft developed more perfectly. According to the porcelain catalogue of the Yuan Dynasty, the production process of watering pot is rather strange, and the firing needs to go through three processes, each of which is more complicated. After these three processes are completed, they are connected in turn to form a well-structured reflux tank.

According to experts' research, the original pouring pot was also made upside down in the production process. When making, you need to pull out the pot shape with clay, then put the prepared conduit into the pot body, seal the molded pot mouth and put it into the furnace for firing.

Even this kind of kiln for firing ceramics, ceramic craftsmen at that time also mastered advanced technology. According to archaeological analysis, in the Tang Dynasty, the firing temperature of Yaozhou kiln reached 13 10℃. The achievement of such high temperature is mainly attributed to the horseshoe kiln with completely closed top. The advantage of this kiln is that the fire rises from the fire pit and reaches the top of the kiln. Because the top of the kiln is closed, the fire can only move down the kiln bed. In this way, the products in the kiln can burn evenly during the movement of the flame from the bottom of the kiln to the top of the kiln. Finally, the fire is discharged from the bottom flue.

In 2006, the firing technology of Yaozhou Kiln was approved by the State Council and included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

The cultural connotation and superb skills of watering pots have added a lot of color to Chinese civilization. In modern society, this kind of watering pot is still being made in Chenlu Ancient Town of Tongchuan City, and its interesting usage is fascinating.

More importantly, the blue glaze lifts the beam and pours the porcelain pot, which has set up a bridge for foreign cultural exchanges in the new era. At the opening ceremony of the 20 16 Silk Expo and the 20th Western Conference, Chinese and foreign guests watered the flowers of friendship with inverted flowerpots, which became a symbol of civilization and friendship on the new Silk Road.