Don't know the technical terms of photography? I'll explain eight proper nouns to you in one sentence.

This class begins, and the point comes. Everyone takes pens and notebooks. This time, I try to explain the complicated photography theory to you in the simplest and most straightforward way by using common and commonly used photography proper terms.

There is no distinction between mobile phone photography and camera photography. Because proper nouns are interchangeable. The application scope of some proper terms on mobile phones has certain particularity, which will be explained in the course.

1, theme, theme

First, just like writing an article, no matter what method and skill you use to write an article, no matter what material, novel or prose you write, there is only one purpose, that is, to tell readers what you want to express. In short, this is the central idea of the article.

The central idea of the article is expressed in abstract words, while the central idea of the photo is expressed in vivid pictures.

The theme of photos is to tell people what emotions and things are in the form of images. It is warm, romantic, tragic, beautiful, touching and loaded with X; Or great, weak, sacred ...

For example, in the following photo, I felt deep loneliness at first sight. This is the theme, right?

Bottom line: the theme is the central idea of the photo.

Second, the subject is the highlight of the photo. A photo has many elements. By taking pictures, the elements in reality are rearranged and combined in the picture, highlighting the key elements, making them distinct and different.

Bottom line: the subject is the finishing touch of the picture.

Is the subject of this picture a man or a cat? Obviously, cats bring us happiness.

Although there are people in the photo, it is obvious that people are the foil and cats are the main body. In other words, this photo has a prominent theme appearance, which makes it interesting. Coupled with the distinctive theme, the whole photo impressed us very deeply.

2. Pixel correlation: pixels, resolution and pixels per inch.

First, pixels

When I was a child, I turned on the black-and-white TV and tuned to a channel without programs. I would see small black-and-white squares on the screen, which sounded very loud. These square grids are pixels. We often say that 8 million and120,000 are composed of these 8 million and120,000 cubes.

Bottom line: pixels are a square grid one after another.

In the era of black-and-white TV, each square grid is made up of black, white and gray in different proportions and brightness; In the contemporary era of color, every square in the screen is composed of three colors, RGB, which consists of thousands of colors according to hue, brightness and saturation.

Second, the resolution

Every Fang Gezi is different in size. So there is the concept of resolution.

Resolution, sometimes called resolution. Refers to the accuracy of the screen display.

The more accurate the display, the finer the picture, and the richer the picture information displayed on the screen.

Bottom line: Resolution refers to how many pixels a monitor can display, or the number of pixels on the screen.

Our common smart phone resolution is 1920X 1080, which means that the horizontal line has 1920 pixels, and the vertical line has 1080 pixels, with a total display of1920x10.

Under the same size, the higher the resolution, the more delicate and clear the picture display. 1334X750 is definitely not as clear as 1920X 1080. For the same picture, the resolution on the mobile phone is generally higher than that on the ipad, and that on the ipad is higher than that on the computer.

Now Sony's mobile phone has reached an amazing 4K level, and 8K, 16K will become a common thing in the future.

Third, pixels per inch.

Remember, the size of the picture has nothing to do with the pixels of the picture.

The size of a painting depends only on the form you present it.

For example, if you use a 14 inch display to display photos, the size of the photos is 14 inch. If you print an 8-inch photo, the photo is 8 inches. If you print a photo as a circle around the earth, the size of the photo is the size of a circle around the earth.

Similarly, an 8-megapixel photo is definitely not as clear as an 8-inch screen on a 14-inch display.

Speaking of clarity, here are pixels per inch. Let's move on. ......

The full name of pixels per inch is Pixel per inch, which means the number of pixels per inch. Literally means how many pixels can be displayed per inch. The more pixels displayed per inch, the larger the pixels per inch, the larger the value, and the clearer the photo.

On the display, the highest pixel per inch that the human eye can distinguish at present is 300PPI. Have you found that every time Apple updates, the hardware upgrade range is very small, and even some hardware is not upgraded at all, just right. For example, from 6sp to 8sp, the screen is always 1920X 1080, and the pixel per inch is 40 1ppi. Apple will think that more than 300ppi is enough, and it is difficult for the human eye to distinguish the gap. Hard upgrade is meaningless.

Bottom line: How many pixels are displayed per inch?

3. Composition of light (hue, saturation and brightness)

Photography is the art of using light, and light is made up of colors. Color affects our mood, our mood and psychological feelings. Light is composed of three primary colors.

First of all, hue

When we were young, there was a jingle: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, this is the hue.

Hue is the appearance of color.

In fact, the colors of nature are definitely more than red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue and purple. Generally, light is mixed from three colors into ever-changing colors, which is RGB. With RGB primary colors, you can blend any color you want into nature.

This is our common color ring distribution.

Each adjacent color is called a similar color, and the color on the diagonal is called a complementary color.

Second, saturation.

Saturation is the purity of color. The higher the purity, the higher the saturation. The lower the purity, the lower the saturation.

Photos with high saturation are brighter and look eye-catching, while photos with low saturation are lighter and look calm.

The advice for beginners about saturation is to increase the saturation of photos at first, which is sensitive to color, and then reduce the saturation of photos later, so that you can feel the color and control it freely.

Because the saturation is improved, the changes brought by photos are very great, and the effect is clear at a glance, which will also increase confidence in your own film repair.

In short: saturation is the lightness of color.

Third, lightness.

This is easy to explain, that is, the lightness of color.

Brightness and low lightness and saturation feel different.

Each color has a different lightness. When the purity is 100%, the brightness of yellow is the highest and that of purple is the lowest.

The exposure of photos is usually affected by three factors in the camera: aperture, shutter and sensitivity. These three elements are all factors that affect photo exposure, and there is a trade-off between them, which is called exposure triangle.

4. Hole

The aperture is represented by F. For example, the common apertures of mobile phones are F 1.0, F 1.02, F 1.4 and F 1.6, which means aperture. It should be noted that the aperture of a mobile phone is generally fixed and the camera has a fixed variable aperture. Their aperture structures are also quite different. Because the mobile phone is small, it is not as complicated as the camera aperture.

We compare the aperture to the human eye. The bigger the aperture, the bigger the eyes, the more light enters and the clearer you can see, and vice versa. Reducing the aperture is like narrowing the human eye, and increasing the aperture is like enlarging the human eye. When our eyes encounter strong light, they will naturally narrow their pupils, while when the light is dark, they will enlarge their pupils. The same is true for the adjustment of aperture size, which is adjusted with the light.

In short, the aperture is like the opening and closing of the pupil to adapt to the change of light and achieve perfect exposure.

The strange thing about aperture is that the larger the numerical value, the smaller the aperture, and the smaller the numerical value, the larger the aperture. This is the other way around. Just like F2 & gtF2.8 & gt tetralogy of Fallot.

What does the aperture do?

Affect the amount of light entering. A big aperture is like opening your eyes. There must be a lot of light, and the brighter the photo.

Affect the depth of field, explain the half-day depth of field is meaningless, don't understand the depth of field? For the time being, it is no big deal to understand the scope of reality.

Just like this dish of meat, the bigger the aperture, the more blurred the background, the more prominent the meat, and the better the picture.

Here is a formula: large aperture, small depth of field, small aperture, large depth of field. Don't understand? In another version, the large aperture background blur is strong, and the small aperture background blur is weak.

5. Shutter

Shutters are generally used to distinguish time and are divided into shutters and slow doors.

A shutter is the same as an aperture. The longer the time, the greater the amount of light and the clearer the photos, and vice versa.

The unit of shutter is seconds, and the range of shutter on a mobile phone is generally 1/4000 seconds to 32 seconds. Where 1/250 to 1/500 are called hand-held photo security shutters, that is, hand-held photos will not be burned.

Many times, we use a faster shutter to freeze the moment, and with the help of professional mode or photography accessories, we can realize the slow door effect, such as drawing-like running water and busy tracks.

The high-speed shutter freezes instantly,

The slow shutter records the motion track,

Apple's mobile phone can't manually adjust the shutter time, so it can only use a third-party app. Huawei's mobile phone has a B-door mode, which means I want the shutter to finish when it works.

Bottom line: The shutter is a measure of the length of shooting time.

6. Sensitivity

In short, sensitivity is the degree of sensitivity to light.

The sensitivity is expressed by ISO, and the higher the value, the higher the sensitivity. We usually use high sensitivity and low sensitivity to describe sensitivity. /kloc-below 0/00 is called low sensitivity, and above 200 is called high sensitivity.

Commonly used sensitivity values: ISO50, ISO 100, ISO 200, ISO400, ISO800, ISO 1600, ISO3200, which change twice.

The sense of height is particularly subtle to use.

Generally, we will choose lower sensitivity instead of higher sensitivity. High sensitivity is absolutely forbidden. If the sensitivity is too high, there will be more noise, which will affect the image quality.

If you shoot in manual mode on your mobile phone and don't understand the usage of sensitivity, you can set the sensitivity to automatic from the beginning and adjust the shutter time.

Finally, a formula can be used to express the relationship between the three:

Exposure = aperture x shutter x sensitivity

In the case of constant exposure, if any one of these three elements changes, the other two elements will also change to ensure the exposure value, such as the sensitivity. If the shutter slows down, more light will enter, so a small aperture is needed to reduce the light to keep the exposure value unchanged.

This is what we often call the exposure triangle, and mobile phones and cameras are the same.

7. Color temperature

Color temperature is the color of light in different light environments.

Color temperature lets us know that color has a temperature, and the color temperature gives people the feeling of being either warm or cold. The lukewarm photos have no personality, and generally no one wants to try. As shown in the figure, as shown in the figure

For example, the same scene, on a sunny day. It's blue when the sun doesn't rise in the morning and white at noon. Dusk is red or orange, and these different colors have different color temperature values.

Bottom line: Color temperature is the true color of the shooting environment.

The human eye can see the truest color temperature of the scene,

And the camera is stupid. It is often impossible to correctly restore the color temperature of the shooting scene, resulting in color temperature deviation. So there is a calibration of color temperature.

Color temperature calibration corresponds to the white balance on the camera, and the role of white balance is to accurately restore the color of the scene at that time and become the real situation we see.

However, the use of color temperature sometimes backfires. For example, in sunny days, the camera usually does not need to adjust the color temperature, and automatic white balance can match the color of the shot with the color of the environment at that time. But at this time, if there is a photographer who has just lost love and is in a bad mood, he can set the white balance to a cool tone according to his own mood to reflect the depressed mood when shooting at that time.

So there is no correct color temperature, only failed creation.

8, focal length

The focal length determines the field of vision of our pictures, and also affects the range of our framing. The unit of focal length is millimeter (mm).

Remember two paragraphs:

The smaller the number, the shorter the focal length, the larger the visual field that can be presented, and the more objects displayed in the picture, the smaller the proportion of objects in the picture.

The larger the number, the longer the focal length, the narrower the field of vision that can be presented, and the fewer objects in the picture, the greater the proportion of objects in the picture.

The focal length division on the camera is particularly detailed, generally divided into the following categories:

Super wide angle, generally below 24mm, suitable for shooting landscapes and buildings;

24-28mm, the standard wide angle mainly shoots scenery; 50mm, standard body lens, street shooting, portrait shooting;

24-70,24-100, standard zoom lens; The subject of shooting is murder;

200-300mm telephoto, suitable for shooting birds and moving objects; Above 300mm is super telephoto, suitable for shooting wildlife and ecological themes.

Unlike cameras, mobile phones are not so divided, generally divided into telephoto and wide angle.

The focal length of a mobile phone is generally 24mm to 80mm from wide angle to telephoto. For example, the wide angle of the iphonex is 28mm, the telephoto is 52 mm, and the 50x zoom of Huawei p30PRO has reached a horrible 1443mm, which is a super telephoto in the division of cameras. It seems that few manufacturers can surpass it in recent years.

It turns out that the mobile phone only has a focal length, such as 35mm, which is called fixed focus. Now all high-end mobile phones have wide-angle and telephoto, which can change the focal length, called zoom.