What is an exclusive?

Exclusive news refers to news with high news value released by news media.

So far, there is no accepted statement about exclusive news. To sum up, there are the following representative statements:

News released by news organizations. (A news dictionary edited by Gan Xifen)

(2) News reported by only one media or first reported by one media. (Practical Dictionary of China News)

(3) The exclusive news is "nobody has me" news, but not any "nobody has me" news can become an exclusive news, but it must have great influence and attract readers' wide attention. (Lu, "Writing a Book about Things People Ignore")

(4) Exclusive news is not only the exclusive news first published or broadcast by a news media, but also has special news value and certain authority. (Dictionary of Propaganda and Public Opinion, edited by Liu Jianming)

News can be divided into many different categories according to different standards, so exclusive news can also be divided into many categories.

(1) genre. Exclusive news includes exclusive news, newsletters, features, interviews and photo reports.

(2) From the field covered by exclusive news. Exclusive news includes exclusive political news, exclusive social news and exclusive economic news.

(3) Whether the exclusive news report is an event or a non-event. Exclusive news includes event exclusive news and non-event exclusive news.

Relativity of exclusive news

With the progress of the times and the development of science and technology, it is very difficult for news media to grab an absolute exclusive news. Now many exclusive news have a certain degree of relativity, mainly in the following three aspects:

1. Relativity of time. Most exclusive stories are aimed at a certain period of time. Due to the progress of communication technology and the fierce competition of news media, this "certain time" has become shorter and shorter. What is published by one media is often published by another media, so Ma Benteng often takes the lead. Some news media release exclusive news only a few hours or even minutes ahead of others. This is why some people say that exclusive news is getting shorter and shorter, and it can also be said that exclusive news is more relative in time. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, Xinhua News Agency won the first prize and successfully sent the news that China shooter Xu Haifeng won the first Olympic gold medal to the whole world. But 20 minutes later, the Associated Press also sent a message.

2. Space relativity. Many exclusive stories are in a certain space. There are two main situations. One is that a news released by a certain media is exclusive in a small scope, but not in a large scope. For example, Xinhua News Agency's coverage of many international events is often exclusive news in China, but it is not exclusive news internationally because other countries' media have also reported it at the same time or before.

There is also the opposite situation, that is, in a large regional scope, it can be regarded as exclusive news, but not in a small regional scope. For example, a national media reported a few months ago that a village with many ancient houses in Ming and Qing Dynasties was discovered in Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province. This can be called exclusive news in the whole country, but it is not news to local people. There are also scenic spots like Zhangjiajie and Jiuzhaigou, which have been reported by local media many times.

3. Relativity in the media. A lot of exclusive news is relative to a certain media. For example, in the print media, if only one company takes the lead in publishing a news, even if the electronic media broadcasts the news at the same time or earlier, the news is still exclusive. Because of the different nature of print media and electronic media, their communication effects are also different, and they have media relativity, which is relative to the media within the scope of print media. Of course, the message published later has more information than the previous message, so as not to be just a simple copy of the previous information. This kind of relativity is also very common. Take the assassination of President Reagan as an example. Five minutes after the assassination of President Reagan, ABC Radio took the lead in reporting. A minute later, united press international also sent a message. Of course, ABC Radio can grab the exclusive news, but united press international can also be regarded as the exclusive news of the president's assassination in news agencies.

Exclusive news and in-depth coverage

Many exclusive stories are in-depth reports and many in-depth reports are exclusive stories.

After discovering some clues in the published news reports, the reporters conduct in-depth investigation and research, gain a lot of new information and inspiration again, and refine and explore new topics on this basis, so that the in-depth reports written in this way can still be called exclusive news. Of course, those in-depth reports that are written directly instead of getting clues from existing reports are exclusive news.

For the news report itself, it also needs to develop in depth. In order to send news at the first time, it is difficult for reporters to know all aspects of the incident, so news generally only includes who (who), where (where) and what happened (what happened), while people are very concerned about why (why) and how (how) are often not involved or very shallow. After the audience knows a news, they will ask for further understanding of the background, inside story, influence and significance of the news. Therefore, journalists follow the creed of "leaving no doubt to readers" and let the news develop in depth.