Wen Yuan photography collection

Zhou Wenju, date of birth and death: unknown, Southern Tang, jurong city, Jiangsu.

Zhou Wenju's appointment took place during the period of Li Jing, the middle ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Li Yu, the late ruler (943 ~ 975), who was waiting for an imperial edict from Hanlin. He painted figures, crowns and chariots, especially women. He mostly takes the life of court nobles as the theme, and his painting style is close to that of Zhou Fang. But he painted clothes patterns as trembling pens, creating a unique "war pen" description; Painting mountain spring stone, its brushwork is also thin and hard, different from Zhou Fang; The painted ladies don't need vermilion powder, but carve gold and jade as ornaments. He is also good at painting Buddha statues. He tried to draw the image of cishi in the palace, and painted the original Indian male image as a China woman with "plump muscles and beautiful bones" and "bright eyes and good eyes". He once painted "The Monk's Pen Test", in which a monk waved his pen in the air, watching a group of scholars talk and groan as if he heard something. He is also good at describing children's lives, such as Baby Play and Palace Map.

Zhou Wenju studied under Cao in the Northern Qi Dynasty and Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty, but he was able to form his own family without falling into the habits of Cao and Wu. His painting of ladies inherited the tradition of Zhou Fang in the Tang Dynasty, and gained its "boudoir realm" in facial modeling, but it also had some unique features: the delicate "war pen" (trembling lines) was used to express clothing lines, which was different from Zhou Fang's "smooth" painting method (painting ladies without war pen); It is different from Zhou Fang's "Qiu Yan" in color design, but "no Zhu Fu powder, golden jade carving, with decoration as the work".

He is good at observing and understanding all kinds of characters in real life and grasping their thoughts, feelings and personality characteristics. Therefore, the characters he created are different and reach the artistic realm of both form and spirit. The Picture of Playing Chess with Double Screen in the Palace Museum (Song Transcript) depicts Jong Li sitting and watching his brother play Weiqi, which shows a way of thinking and is very vivid. Clothing lines, as a "war pen" and nameless style, should be the painting method of literary moments. His Picture in the Palace (a copy of the Song Dynasty) describes the leisure life of court women, including those who play the piano and pipa, those who dress up beautifully, those who play with children and those who play with dogs. Or calm and serene, or unhappy, or panicked, or pious. , all reflect the different psychological states of women in different activities. In his Maid-in-waiting Picture, a maid-in-waiting put a Yu Di between her belts, stood sideways, and looked at her fingers, showing that she had just finished playing, and her feelings were frozen and thoughtful. In the Yuan Dynasty, Dong Tang also saw one of his paintings, which a monk tried to write. A monk waved his arm and looked at some scholars talking and tutting, as if he heard their voices. These vivid and wonderful pens have left a deep impression on people.

His religious paintings are a system with Wu Daozi and Zhou Fang. Although they are based on Indian Buddhist classics, they are based on real-life figures and created according to China people's aesthetic ideals. The picturesque Maitreya Buddha and Bodhisattva boldly changed the original Indian male image of the Bodhisattva into a healthy and beautiful China woman with "plump muscles and beautiful eyes", which is purely an art of China national style. This style has a great influence on religious paintings in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Zhou Wenju once wrote Baby Play, which created many innocent, lively and lovely children's images. His description of children's life is quite vivid, and it is the first time to describe children's themes in the Song Dynasty. Su Hanchen, Song Li and other painters' children's dramas and Salesman's Map were all created on the basis of Zhou Wenju.

Handed down works include Ming Taizu Chess Map, Heavy Screen Chess Map, Palace Map, Glass Hall Map, Five Kings Drinking Map and so on. Among them, the silk scroll "Double Screen Chess Map" is colored, with a length of 40.3 cm and a width of 70.5 cm. After the scroll, there are inscriptions by Shen Du and Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty, which are now in the Palace Museum. Describe the scene of Li Jing, a master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, playing chess with his brothers in front of the screen. Because the screen is painted on the background screen, it is called "double screen". The picture is anonymous, and it was fake in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, but the figures, costumes and daily necessities are all in the Five Dynasties, which can at least reflect the face of Zhou Wenju's paintings.

Appreciation of works:

The Silk Edition of Zhou Wenju's Chess Manual of Chongping Club, with a color of 40.3×70.5 cm, was inscribed by Shen Du and Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty and is now in the Palace Museum.

Zhou Wen's weightlifting screen is part of the chess map.

Zhou Wenju, a painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, painted a picture of Li Jing, a master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, playing chess with his younger brothers King Jin Jingsui, King Qi Jingda and King Jiang Jingting. Because there is a screen in the background of this picture, people call this chess picture "heavy screen chess picture"

There are five figures in this picture, with attendants standing by and four other dignitaries sitting on the chess table. Their looks and behaviors are different, some are eager to make a decision, some are indecisive, and some are silent, which truly reflects the different faces of chess watchers and players. Sitting in the middle of the picture watching chess, Li Jing is taller than others. He wears a hat and holds a tray box in his hand. He looked straight ahead, sat quietly watching chess, with a thoughtful look on his face. Sitting on both sides playing chess are Li Jingda, King of Qi, and Li, King of Jiang. The second brother on the right, Jing Da, looks at each other with a smile and is urging with his fingers. I can't make up my mind about my brother Jing Kun sitting there. Next to the master is Li Jingsui, the king of Jin, holding his brother's shoulder affectionately and staring at the chessboard.

Behind the four men stood a large rectangular screen, occupying the main body of the picture. I drew a poetic picture of My Sleeping by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, on the screen, depicting an old man lying in bed, a woman standing behind, three maids holding mattresses, and a three-fold screen behind the bed with mountains and rivers painted on it. This "playing chess" picture is also painted with a screen, hence the name "playing chess with heavy screen". In addition to screens, there are many exquisite utensils and furniture in the room, such as bowls, go, boxes and baskets, couch tables, tea sets and so on. It provides important video data for future generations to study the shapes of various utensils in the Five Dynasties and the activities of the early royal family in China.

The figure painting in "Heavy Screen Chess Manual" is completed, with fine and tortuous lines and slight ups and downs, which is the so-called "pen of war" in history. It is Zhou Wenju's typical painting style to show the texture of cloth with a trembling pen. Zhou Wenju's figure painting is more slender, simple in color and elegant in style, mainly based on Zhou Fang's techniques. Although the color of this painting is mostly mineral pigments, it has not been dyed layer by layer, nor has it been repainted, but it has been lightly dyed after being crossed. The patterns on the edges of several cases were stained with slightly darker azurite and azurite; Li Jing's gown is smudged with cinnabar, which is very simple and light, but the maid's belt uses heavier cinnabar to contrast with the light gown. The clothes of the other three are spotless.

This picture has no author's seal. Appraised by Mr. Xu Bangda, this is a copy of Song people. In addition to the fake inscriptions of Shen Du and Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty, there is an authentic Mo Wen close to people's hearts. Kekan Engraving in Yuan Dynasty, Approval of Tang Village in Anyi Prefecture in Qing Dynasty, Collection of Anyi Prefecture in Qing Dynasty and Collection of Qianlong Yubao 16 pieces. Among them, the seals of Jin Zhai Zhen, Song Huizong Shuanglong Xiao Zhuan, Xuanhe, Zhenghe and other Song and Yuan Dynasties were all forged.

Yuan Wen diagram

Yuan Wen tu local

Yuan Wen tu local

Wen Yuan is the representative work of Zhou Wenju, a painter of the Five Dynasties. "Wen Yuan" is a place where scholars gather, and "The Map of Wen Yuan" shows the scene where scholars conceive and create poems. According to textual research, this picture depicts the story of Wang Changling, a famous poet in the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, who was appointed as the county magistrate of Jiangning (the capital of southern Tang Dynasty) and met with his poetry friends in Liuli Hall next to the county government.

The Picture of Wen Yuan depicts in detail the vivid images of four poets' creative thinking and diction. The man on the far right leans on the stone platform, with the pen on his chin in his right hand and paper and silk in his left hand, looking up as if looking for an idea. There is a teenager on the stone platform opposite, bending down to study ink. In the middle of the picture, another player, leaning against a crooked old pine tree, put his hands into his sleeves, wore a long-sleeved hat and a round neck and white robe, staring at his eyes, completely lost in thought. A big stone stood on the lower stone platform on the left. Two people sat together and presented a roll of articles for reading. One of them, an elderly man on the right, suddenly turned around and looked up as if he saw something. Another scribe sitting with him, wearing round wings and holding a paper roll in one hand, talked about the contents of the paper roll.

This painting is a character, and the painter controls the character to make it fully expressed in a specific situation. If the author racked his brains and the one leaning against the pine tree was absorbed in meditation, the two people who read the paper had another awakening in meditation. In short, the characters in the picture have different postures and achieve harmony and unity in the scattered changes.

In addition, the painter's background layout is just right, such as pine trees, stone mats, stone cases and so on. , cleverly interspersed. Pine trees are winding and drooping, lush and graceful. The exquisite stone cases and stone seats with different shapes have become an integral part of the whole picture, which together form an elegant and beautiful environment suitable for literati to create poems.

The characters in this painting have vivid modality, smooth and lively faces, simple and smooth brushwork, and the "war description with a pen" conveyed by the lines of the characters' clothing is fine and powerful, tortuous and smooth, round and important; Beards and sideburns are finely sketched, but they are rendered in light ink, showing natural and unrestrained, and the threads of hair and clothes are smooth, showing the texture of silk. The whole painting is elegant in color and elegant in style.

The Map of Wen Yuan was once regarded as the work of Han Lian in the Tang Dynasty, based on the fact that it was painted with the titles of Han Yun Wen Yuan Tu and One Man under the World by Song Huizong and Evonne. However, according to the research of modern people, this painting method is similar in style to Liu Li Tang Tu and another volume (Song edition) of Zhou Wenju. The most obvious thing is that the lines of the clothes are trembling and tortuous, which is very similar to the "war pen description" created by Zhou Wenju in the Five Dynasties. Therefore, this picture is the second half of the Painting of the Coloured Glass Hall by Zhou Wenju in the Five Dynasties.

This picture can be found in the first edition of Baodi in Shiqu and Bian Lan by Ming Xuan and Zhan Jingfeng. Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, may have been recorded in Various Records, and later Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty was recorded in Xuanhe Ruilan Collection.

Gong zhongtu

Local part of intrauterine image

Local part of intrauterine image

Local part of intrauterine image

Local part of intrauterine image

This painting is a long scroll depicting the life of women in the palace. There are four clips and more than 80 people are drawn. Some dress up in front of the mirror, some sit around, some amuse children, and some watch fish and listen to music. One group depicts a man drawing a portrait (that is, "writing a god"), in which the female Ji is sitting with her back to the viewer, with a maid and a child beside her. The women in the painting have different identities, such as a bare-shouldered hand washer, surrounded by several people to serve. The characters in the painting are all lazy and melancholy except children, especially those who are older and have more prominent positions. A palace maid's life without freedom is like a canary in a cage, luxurious but boring. "History of Painting" said that Zhou Wenju was good at painting ladies, and when she was a lady, she didn't have to tremble with her pen, so she "passed it in a delicate way". Zhou Fang's paintings of ladies, such as "Painting of Ladies with a Fan", mostly show the luxury and emptiness of women's life in the court, and Zhou Wenju's paintings are indeed similar in artistic conception. However, this volume, except for a few light colors, is all sketches, perhaps an unfinished manuscript. The line drawing is skillful and full of structure, the characters look subtle, the image is full of muscles, and the bun is high, like tang style. After this volume, there is a postscript (1 140) written by Lian Yue layman Zhang Ji Shaoxing for ten years: "There are women and children in Zhou Wenju's palace, and there are eighty of them. A person writes about God. " The whole volume is divided into three parts, which are collected in Cleveland Museum of Art, Fogg Museum of Harvard University and Metropolitan Museum of Art..

Heletu

Pictures of raccoon slave babies

Glass hall map

Figure part of Liulitang

Ng meng hui qi tu Juan

The plan of eighteen bachelors

Su Li means nothing.

Xizi Huansha Map Page

Drink tea and draw a round fan.

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