Translation and appreciation of four ancient poems and the last two poems in lesson 15 of the first volume of Chinese in grade seven

The last two of the four ancient poems in the first volume of the seventh grade Chinese Lesson 15 are a spring outing in Qiantang River and a Qiu Si in the courtyard.

The original text of Spring Tour in Qiantang River

From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.

Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.

Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.

I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.

To annotate ...

Selected from Bai Changqing Collection. Qiantang Lake is the West Lake of Hangzhou.

1, Gushan Temple: Built in the early years of Emperor Chen Wendi in the Southern Dynasties (560 ~ 566), it was named Chengfu and renamed Guanghua in the Song Dynasty. Isolated Mountain: It is between the inner lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, so it is called an isolated mountain because it is not connected with other mountains. There is an isolated mountain pavilion overlooking the West Lake.

2. Jia Ting: Also called Jia Gongting. A scenic spot in the West Lake was built by Jia Quan in the Tang Dynasty. In the Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (785 ~ 804 AD), Jia Quan became the secretariat of Hangzhou and built a pavilion in Qiantang Cave. This pavilion was called "Jia Pavilion" or "Jia Gong Pavilion" and lasted until the end of the Tang Dynasty.

3. Initial leveling of the water surface: In spring, the lake began to rise, and the water surface just leveled the lake shore. Chu: Adverb, just now. Low cloud foot: refers to the low cloud, as if connected with the lake. Point out the starting point and way of spring outing, and focus on depicting the scenery of the lake. Cloud foot: cloud gas close to the ground, which is more common when it rains or stops raining.

4. Early Spring Warbler: An oriole comes in early spring. Warbler: oriole, the song is euphemistic and beautiful.

5. Try to warm the tree: try to fly to the sunny branches.

Xinyan: A swallow just flew back from the south.

7. Here. Swallows nest with mud in their mouths. Look up and see what you can see in spring, singing and dancing, full of vitality. Focus on birds.

8. Warm trees: sunny trees.

9, disorderly flowers: flowers are blooming. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling. Shallow grass: Spring grass that just grows out of the ground and is not too high. Talent: Just right. No: yes, yes. Looking down on the spring outing, the flowers are tender and the grass is tender, and the spring is full. Focus on flowers and plants.

10, lack of travel: I will never get tired of traveling.

1 1, Yin: the same as "Yin", which means tree shade.

12. Baisha dike: it is now Bai Causeway, also known as sand dike and broken bridge dike. Located on the east bank of the West Lake, it existed before the Tang Dynasty. Bai Causeway was built by Bai Juyi when he was the secretariat of Hangzhou, and it is another place outside Qiantang Gate. People go from north to west, from south to east, around the lake, and the poem ends with Bai Causeway, the Qingyang in the east of the lake, expressing deep affection with "favorite".

13, cloud foot: cloud gas close to the ground is more common when it begins to rain or stops raining.

14, no (mò): dive.

15, Hudong: Taking Gushan as a reference.

16, insufficient: insufficient.

The whole poem takes the word "line" as a clue, starting from Gushan Temple and ending in Baisha Land. Focusing on the word "spring", this paper writes the joy that the beautiful scenery in early spring brings to tourists. Especially in the middle four sentences, people are in the scenery, and people are in the scenery, writing the feeling of natural beauty. It is unconventional and innovative to say that "shallow grass can live without horseshoes" instead of green grass. From the structural point of view, from describing the scenery around Gushan Temple to describing the scenery around Baisha Land, there is no trace of transformation, and the connection is very natural.

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Strolling by the west lake. Gushan Temple extends from the north to the west of Jiagongting. At high tide, the lake is just flush with the levee, and the white clouds overlap with the waves on the lake. A few early orioles scrambled to fly to the sunny tree. I don't know whose new swallow is nesting with spring mud in its mouth. Some colorful spring flowers (wild flowers) gradually fascinated people's eyes, and the shallow spring grass just covered the horseshoe. I like walking in the east of the West Lake and enjoying the beautiful scenery. If I don't appreciate it enough, I will go to see the charming broken bridge in Green Liu Xia.

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A Spring Tour in Qiantang vividly depicts the beautiful scenery the poet saw when he strolled the West Lake in early spring. This is a hymn to the beautiful spring and the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. The first poem is always about the lake, and the first sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the "uneven view of the building" around it. These two place names are used together. It also gives readers a sense of movement, indicating that the poet is walking and watching. On the front of the latter sentence, the lake is as bright as water: at the beginning of spring, the water surface is flush with the embankment, and the white clouds in the air are connected with the rippling waves on the lake, which is a typical water state of Jiangnan Spring Lake. Zhuan Xu writes about birds and warblers sing and dance, which shows the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring, and the oriole sends the good news of spring back to the earth with its euphemistic and smooth voice. Swallows wear flowers and paste water, build nests with mud, inspire people to start working in spring, and write the vitality of early spring. The word "several places" summarizes Ying Ge's call to the other and the poet's modality of seeking sound from left to right. The doubt about the word "whose family" shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes readers have rich associations. Writing with a neckband overlooks the flowers and plants you see. Because it is early spring, it is not the season of flowers, so what we can see is not rich and colorful. But a cluster in the east and a cluster in the west, which is described by a word "chaos". Spring grass does not grow luxuriantly, only it is not as long as horseshoe, so it is described by a word "shallow". The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this association are also the feelings and judgments of the poet's observation and appreciation, which makes the objective natural scenery become the scenery in the eyes with the poet's subjective feelings and infect readers. These two couplets describe the scenery of the West Lake in detail, and express Yingying Yan's new arrival with "early", "new", "struggle" and "pecking". Using "chaos", "shallowness", "gradual desire" and "talent" to describe the thriving trend of flowers and plants accurately and vividly reveals the early spring weather that the poet felt while walking, giving people a fresh feeling. The previous generation poet Xie Lingyun's phrase "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willow in the garden turns into songbirds" ("Pond Upstairs") is wonderful in ancient and modern times, precisely because he wrote the joy of love at first sight when the four seasons change. The above two couplets of Qiantang Spring Tour are quite similar in artistic conception, but the white poems are more widely spread. William wrote about the poet's favorite sandbar in the east of the lake. Qiantang Lake, which runs through Bai Causeway, is located in the east of the lake and can win the whole lake. I saw that under the shade of Populus cathayana, the flat and slender white sand embankment was lying in the blue waves, and the people riding on the embankment were knitting and enjoying the beauty of spring. In the meantime, the poet enjoyed the lakes and mountains and was relaxed and happy. "Lack of line" shows that the natural scenery is beautiful, the poet is still lingering, and the concentrated and full feelings give readers endless aftertaste.

In the history of China, many famous people have been studying history in Hangzhou, a paradise. But the most famous are Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo, two great writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties. They not only left their achievements in Hangzhou, but also circulated many poems describing the beauty of Hangzhou and its West Lake, so some people called them "romantic satrap". Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour in Qiantang" is a well-known one. This poem not only depicts the charming spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of everything bathed in spring scenery, but also tells the whole story of the poet himself intoxicated with this beautiful scenery, which makes people deeply moved by the author's attitude towards spring and spring while enjoying the intoxicating scenery of the West Lake.

"Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West, and the water level is low." The first sentence of the poem is the place, and the second sentence is the vision. The lonely mountain is located between the back lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, with overlapping peaks and emerald green hills, and there is a lonely mountain temple on it, which is beautiful to climb and see. Jia Ting, also known as Jia Gongting, was published in Tang Yulin for six years. During the Zhenyuan period, when Jia Quan was appointed as a historian in Hangzhou, he built a pavilion in the West Lake. The clothes rack is called Jiagongting, which will not be abandoned after 50 or 60 years. Zhenyuan is the national title of Tang Dezong, from 780 to 805. When Bai Juyi wrote this poem, his pavilion was still there and it was also a scenic spot in the West Lake. At first, Bai Juyi came to the north of Gushan Temple and the west of Jiagongting. Looking around, I saw spring water rippling, clouds hanging low, lakes and mountains. Chuping expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in spring. Due to the continuous spring rain, today's lake looks much higher than in winter, and seems to be at the same level as the line of sight. This feeling that the water surface is flush with the line of sight is only possible for people facing the vast water surface, and it is also a feeling that can be written by people who have a deep understanding and love for the West Lake. At this moment, the calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake. When the poet was silently watching the virgin charm of the West Lake, the crisp birdsong came from his ear, which broke his meditation, so he withdrew his sight from the intersection of water and clouds and found himself in a beautiful world full of spring.

"A few early warblers compete for warm trees, and young swallows peck at spring mud. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. " These four sentences are the core of Bai Juyi's poem, which is the most striking sentence, and also the finishing touch of Bai's poems describing spring scenery, especially the spring scenery of the West Lake. A few places, that is, a few places, or even many places. Using "early" to describe orioles shows Bai Juyi's sincere love for these little life full of vitality: orioles in the trees are busy grabbing the "warm tree" that first sees the sun in the morning, for fear that they will not catch up soon. The word "struggle" makes people feel that spring is rare and precious. I don't know who the swallow under the eaves belongs to, but at this time, it is also busy making a nest out of mud, and using a word "peck" to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallow seems to bring life to the swallow. These two sentences deliberately describe the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, thus making the whole poem full of vitality and vitality in spring. Huang oriole is recognized as a spring singer. Listening to their euphemistic voices makes people feel the charm of spring. Swallows are migratory birds. They returned to their hometown with spring, busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a new life. Watching them fly around building nests makes people feel the beauty of life even more. After anthropomorphic description of the birds in the sky, Bai Juyi turned his eyes to the vegetation under his feet. "Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes." This is also an emotional and energetic description of the scenery, which fully shows Bai Juyi's careful observation of the object of description and accurate grasp of its characteristics. As far as flowers are concerned, they are chaotic and even confuse the eyes of flower watchers. In other people's poems, this kind of writing is rare, and this unique feeling is just Bai Juyi's personal experience when enjoying the scenery of the West Lake. Colorful flowers are blooming all over Shan Ye. Against the backdrop of lakes and mountains, Bai Juyi has no idea where to look and how to tell the difference between them. The phrase "flowers are getting more and more charming" means to stop and look closely, while "shallow grass can't have horseshoes" is already an outing on horseback. It is a pleasant thing to travel freely with two or three friends by the West Lake, where the grass grows and the flowers bloom. The horse seems to be aware of the relaxed and carefree interest of its owner on its back. Slowly, the poet inadvertently caught a glimpse of the scene of horseshoe ups and downs on the grass, which was particularly interesting. He couldn't help writing it into his own poem. Unexpectedly, it was a random stroke, but it added a lot of lively interest and elegant leisure to the whole poem. Belinsky, a famous aesthete, once said, "In any case, beauty comes from the depths of the soul. Because natural scenery cannot be absolutely beautiful, this beauty is hidden in the soul of those who create or observe them. " Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang just illustrates this aesthetic of truth. The whole poem describes Bai Juyi's love and admiration for the West Lake. Because no matter how beautiful the scenery of the West Lake is, there will be some unsatisfactory places, but in Bai Juyi's eyes, it is undoubtedly the most beautiful scenery in the world, because he is not only good at observing, but also good at discovering and experiencing. Nowadays, we often feel that it is better to visit the scenery than to listen to it, or to listen to friends' introductions, or in film and television scenery films. When we hear and see beautiful scenery, we can't help but feel infinite yearning. However, once we get there, we often feel that it is far from what we imagined. This is because we can't look at the natural landscape with the eyes of discovery and appreciation, but we should travel with preconceived, excessive and even some critical eyes. Imagine how many wonderful spring scenery the West Lake has shown people through the ages. How many people have witnessed the spring scenery of Xizi Lake? But in the end, I can only recite a few works by several great poets. Isn't it only when the great writer Su Like Dongpo comes that the West Lake will proudly show her amazing beauty? Birds in the West Lake will not "warm trees" and "peck at spring mud" until they meet the great poet Bai Juyi. In fact, no matter when and where, the West Lake is the most beautiful. Do we also know the famous saying: "To compare the West Lake to the West Lake, it is always appropriate to wear heavy makeup."

Bai Juyi has such a rare aesthete's appreciation eye that he can find its moving place among countless tourists in the West Lake and truly enjoy this paradise on earth given by nature. Bai Juyi didn't see many "early warblers" and "new swallows", only "several places" and only "whose home". If so, we may feel sorry that we didn't smell the sound of warblers everywhere and that every family smelled of swallows. We wish we had come ten and a half days late. However, Bai Juyi doesn't think so. There are few advantages. It is because of scarcity that "early warbler" and "new swallow" feel the joy of spring. If the poet doesn't have a young heart and a heart that loves life and spring, I'm afraid he won't be moved and intoxicated by these spring herald newspapers, but will happily write this touching poem. It is precisely because of this that he can smell the flowers and plants, see the beautiful scenery of the fragrant grass, be fascinated by the wild flowers dotted everywhere, and sigh for the grass that has not crossed the horseshoe. When you think about it, the grass without horseshoes is actually the most common. There is no need to rush to Xizi Lake to see this lawn in spring, but it can be found in our street green space. However, I am afraid that there is a striking sign between us and the lawn: "Please don't trample on the lawn". Therefore, the closeness between everything and nature has become a serious warning in an instant. Nowadays, people in cities are indifferent to natural landscapes rather than artificial ones.

However, Bai Juyi is lucky. Because he has a pair of eyes to discover beauty and spring, he can't help but even linger on the beautiful scenery of the West Lake: "I love the lack of lake in the east and the white sand embankment under the shade of Populus davidiana." Baisha dike, that is, Bai Causeway, is also called sand dike or broken bridge dike. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and Bai Causeway runs through it. On the east side of the lake, it commands the victory of the whole lake. When Bai Juyi was a historian in Hangzhou, he did build dikes to store water and irrigate people's fields. However, his levee is north of Qiantangmen, but later generations mistook Bai Causeway for a levee built for nothing.

This poem is like a short and pithy travelogue, starting from Gushan and Jiating and ending in Hudong and Bai Causeway. Along the way, in the paradise-like beauty, I sang and danced to my heart's content, intoxicated by the flowers and birds. Finally, I walked back step by step along the white sand embankment and under the Liu Yin, and reluctantly left. My ears are still echoing the hymn of spring played by everything, and I can't help but shed a beautiful poem "Qiantang Spring Tour" full of natural integration.

In fact, Bai Juyi's keen observation and experience of spring or beautiful things expressed in this poem is very common among many ancient poets. Only in this way can they, like Bai Juyi, find it with joy when they first arrive in spring, be moved by it, stimulate their desire to create, write touching poems and leave rich aesthetic enjoyment for future generations. Like Bai Juyi, he won't feel sorry because there are only a few orioles singing in the tree and only a few swallows nesting under the eaves. On the contrary, he will feel that the pace of spring is getting closer and closer, and he will feel very happy, thus writing such a touching poem as "Several early birds fight for the warmth of the tree, and whose new swallow pecks at the new mud". There are many examples

The original text of Tianjingsha Qiu Si

Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses.

When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

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Crows returning home at dusk perched on the branches of old vines.

The flowing water under the bridge reflects several families with kitchen smoke.

On the desolate ancient road, facing the bleak autumn wind, a wanderer riding a thin horse slowly moved forward.

The sun has set,

Wandering wanderers are still far away.

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The first two sentences, "Old vines faint crows, small bridges flowing water", give people a cold and hazy atmosphere, and show a fresh and quiet realm. The withered vines here give people a bleak feeling, faint, pointing out that it is dusk; Small bridges and flowing water make people feel relaxed and happy. 12 calligraphy and painting create a quiet pastoral scenery in late autumn. The ancient road became thinner with the west wind, and the poet described a bleak and desolate artistic conception of autumn wind, adding another layer of desolation to the quiet rural map. The setting sun adds a bit of bleak light to this bleak picture and deepens the sad atmosphere. The poet skillfully connects ten plain and objective scenes in series, and naturally puts the poet's infinite worries in the picture through words such as withered, old, light, ancient, western and thin. In the last sentence, heartbroken people are the crowning touch in the horizon. At this time, a wandering wanderer appeared on the picture of the country in late autumn. On the desolate ancient road at sunset, he walked with a thin horse in the biting autumn wind, heartbroken, but he didn't know where his home was, revealing the poet's sad feelings and expressing the theme appropriately. This poem takes a sentimental attitude. Similar to this song is Du Fu's poem "Where petals flow like tears, lonely birds sing their grief".

This poem by Ma Zhiyuan, in just 28 words, has profound meaning, exquisite structure, ups and downs, cadence and sonorous rhyme, and penetrates the soul. Its radiant artistic charm has fascinated many literati and poets in ancient and modern times. The implication of the song is that it not only "gained the wonderful scenery of the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty (The Legend of the World)", but also has the elegant nature of the Song lyrics. It has always been regarded as a masterpiece describing nature, and it can be called "the father of Qiu Si" (Rhyme of the Central Plains). Wang Guowei even praised his Qiu Si as the best poem. It depicts a wandering wanderer's lonely and helpless situation at dusk in late autumn and his sad mood of missing his hometown. You see: at sunset, crows return to their nests, by the bridge, farmers go home; On the desolate ancient road, in the autumn wind, our hero is tired and thin, walking alone, where to spend the night and where to go tomorrow? It is still unknown. Why not make him sad and homesick! The whole song does not contain an "autumn", but it describes the bleak and desolate scene of late autumn; I don't need a "thought", but I write my homesickness and worries incisively and vividly. As the saying goes: "Without saying a word, you are happy." At the beginning of the poem, "The old vine is a faint crow" and "On the branches of the old vine, several crows are standing by the nest", which shows readers a bleak and cold scene of late autumn, tightly gripping the readers' heartstrings. "Rattan", "tree" and "crow" are common scenery in rural areas, nothing special. But once they are combined with "withered", "old" and "faint", a bleak and cold atmosphere immediately rises between the lines and hangs over the readers' hearts. Coupled with the smooth conversion and the coordination of phonology, the poet turns his pen and the reader's eyes follow him to the distance. A group of pictures full of peaceful and quiet life were displayed in front of us, and our high tension was relieved and we took a long breath. This is not only a poetic description of the distant scenery, but also shows the wandering poets' yearning for a leisurely and quiet pastoral life. In the use of flat tones, the combination of "flat-flat-flat-flat-flat" is adopted, which makes the tone cheerful and gentle because of the change of flat tones. As a result, "small bridge flowing water" has become an eternal quatrain describing poetic pastoral life. "The ancient road and the west wind are thin horses." As soon as the poet's pen closes, it pulls us back from the beautiful longing and yearning to the helpless reality: the ancient road is bleak, the west wind is dying, and the thin horse is endless. Whether you like it or not, people are in the Jianghu and can't help themselves. The journey around the world has to continue. As soon as the voice changed, the breath changed from soothing to short, showing the poet's angry mood, and our mood became tense involuntarily. "Sunset" and "Pingping" Our hearts are once again picked up by the poet: Tonight, when the sun sets and the twilight is shrouded, where will the tired poet stay? Where are you going tomorrow? "Heartbroken people are at the end of the world." At this time, the poet's sadness was beyond words. It was a deep sadness that made him frown and returned to his heart, so the poet sighed and ended. "Sad traveler, wandering in a distant foreign land." Is it sad? Is it loneliness? Is it sadness? Is it helpless? Still helpless? It seems that there are both. This is not only the poet's emotion and sigh about his life experience, but also a powerful questioning and ruthless exposure of the dark reality at that time. At first glance, the whole poem is purely sketched and carefully pondered, but it is full of metaphors. What is rare is that the words are refined and accurate, the structure is exquisite and ingenious, and the meaning is profound and extensive.

This poem contains feelings in the scenery and vividly shows the sorrow of a long-term exile in a foreign land. The syntax of this poem is very unique. The first three lines are all composed of noun phrases, listing nine kinds of scenery, which are concise and meaningful. The word "heartbreak" is very poetic. It expresses that a wandering wanderer misses his hometown in autumn and is tired of wandering. This poem expresses feelings for things, and vividly depicts sad feelings through vivid images of many natural scenery and strong colors in late autumn.