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1. Solar etching method

2. August 19, 1839

3. The second node of the lens group to the focal plane

< p>5. Small viewing angle, short depth of field, large viewing angle, long depth of field

6.?

7, 2:1

8. Push and pull to change the focus, and rotate to focus.

9. It can express figuration, express movement, and express movement. Understand it

10, existing light photography methods, artificial light modification methods, and artificial light reproduction methods

11, camera position, optical axis, focal length

12 , the changeable sceneries and angles, the changeable space and levels, form a changeable picture composition and aesthetic effect

13, on the one hand, it also produces the formal characteristics of sports expression. Movement makes the TV picture a dynamic composition, and TV photography becomes a dynamic plastic art

14, three parts: starting frame, movement, and falling frame

15, the level of influence performance, leading to a decrease in clarity

16, large aperture + shortening the shooting distance as much as possible + long focal length lens

Short answer questions:

1. In photography The light position can be varied, but in summary there are seven main types: front light, front side light, side light, back side light, backlight, top light and foot light.

(1) Frontal light: The light comes from the front of the subject. Depending on the angle, it is called flat light, smooth light and high-level smooth light. Subjects illuminated by frontal light make people feel bright, but the three-dimensional effect is poor and there is no change in light and dark. When shooting with frontal light, the exposure latitude is larger. In light portraits, front light is often used as fill light.

(2) Front side light: refers to the front side light at 45 degrees. This is the most commonly used light position. The scenery illuminated by the front side light is full of vitality and three-dimensionality. In lighting portraits, the front side light is often used as the main light, usually on the other side of the person's face. If the face is facing left, use the right side light, and if the face is facing the right, use the left side light.

(3) Side light: also known as 90-degree side light. The subject under side light has a yin and yang effect. It is a dramatic main light position in portrait photography. It can highlight light and dark. A strong contrast.

(4) Rear side light: Also known as "side backlight", the light comes from the side and rear of the subject, which can create contour lines on one side of the subject, separating the subject from the background, thus strengthening the picture. A sense of three-dimensionality and space.

(5) Backlight: Also known as "backlight", the light comes from directly behind the subject. Backlight can make the subject produce vivid outlines and separate the subject from the background, thus giving the picture a three-dimensional feel. , sense of space. A very important aspect of backlight composition is to create a dark background in the picture, otherwise the contours will not be eye-catching.

(6) Top light: The light comes from directly above the subject. For example, the sun at noon, top light will produce unattractive thick shadows on the person's face. Portraits are usually avoided.

(7) Footlight: The light comes from below the subject, a lighting direction often used to uglify the character. There is no footlight light position in natural light.

2. Lens system, host, viewfinder, power supply, microphone, communication system

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3. The panoramic picture refers to the scene that shows the whole body of an adult when shooting people, or the whole picture of a scene. The panoramic picture shows the whole picture of a certain scene and can show a certain environment and atmosphere. Behaviors are clearly reflected in the panorama, and the relationship between the characters and the environment is more efficiently reflected.

Mid-shot pictures refer to showing the part above the knees of adults when shooting people, or only showing the scene when shooting a scene. A partial picture. The mid-shot is a scene with a strong narrative. Important character relationships, actions, behaviors, and plots are generally explained in the mid-shot. Therefore, in a movie or TV series, the mid-shot is the most important scene. A common form of scene shots that occupies a larger proportion in the entire film.

Close-ups refer to shots of heads above the shoulders of adults or shots of subtle parts of objects. Close-ups are in When photographing objects, it is used to express small parts of things, which means emphasizing and highlighting. When photographing people, the environmental space has been weakened to almost nothing, and the characters' expressions are further intensified. The spatial range represented by the close-up scene is smaller than that of the close-up scene. , a certain part of the subject is fully reflected.

4. When the lens focuses on a certain point of the subject, the object at this point can be clearly imaged on the TV screen. . Scenery within a certain range before and after this point can also be recorded more clearly. Beyond this range it becomes unclear. This means that there is a certain limit to the clear range of the scene captured by the lens. The depth range of the photographed object recorded "relatively clearly" by the lens is the depth of field. When the lens is pointed at the subject, the clear range in front of the subject is called foreground depth, and the clear range behind it is called back depth of field. The foreground depth and the back depth of field combined, that is, the depth of the entire TV picture from the nearest clear point to the farthest clear point, is called panoramic depth.

In some pictures, the front of the subject is clear but the back is blurry; in some pictures, the back of the subject is clear but the front is blurry; in other pictures, only the subject is clear but the front and back are blurry. , these phenomena are caused by the depth of field characteristics of the lens. It can be said that the principle of depth of field plays an extremely important role in photography.

Correctly understanding and using depth of field will help you take satisfying pictures. There are three main factors that determine depth of field:

1. Aperture When the focal length of the lens is the same and the shooting distance is the same, the smaller the aperture, the larger the range of depth of field; the larger the aperture, the smaller the range of depth of field. This is because the smaller the aperture, the thinner the light beam entering the lens, the more obvious the paraxial effect, and the smaller the angle at which the light converges. This is done before and after imaging. The concentrated light will leave a smaller spot on the imaging surface, making the original unclear scenes closer and farther from the lens have acceptable clarity.

2. Focal length When the aperture coefficient and shooting distance are the same, the shorter the focal length of the lens, the greater the depth of field range; the longer the focal length of the lens, the smaller the depth of field range. This is because a lens with a short focal length has a much narrower focus zone (depth of focus) for light coming from objects at different distances in front and back than a lens with a long focal length, so more light spots will enter acceptable sharpness. area.

3. Object distance When the focal length and aperture coefficient of the lens are equal, the farther the object distance is, the greater the depth of field range; the closer the object distance is, the smaller the depth of field range is. This is because the scenery far away from the lens requires only a few adjustments to achieve clear focus, and the front and rear scenery are tightly focused. This will bring more light spots into the acceptable sharpness area, so the depth of field will increase. On the contrary, when focusing on a scene close to the lens, the distance between the front and rear focal points is enlarged, that is, the depth of focus range is expanded, thus reducing the light spots entering the acceptable sharpness area and reducing the depth of field.

For this reason, the foreground depth of the lens is always smaller than the back depth of field