Why is Rousseau a pioneer of romantic literature?

Romantic literature The romantic spirit first appeared in literature. In France, the pioneer of romanticism is Rousseau, who preaches that emotion is supreme and human nature is good. A group of writers responded to his slogan of "returning to nature", expressing their feelings about nature, depicting the charm of nature, and expressing their love, pursuit and attachment to beautiful things, freedom and ideals, and their homeland.

Rousseau's Romantic Characteristics

1 Strong subjective color, preferring to express subjective thoughts and paying attention to expressing personal feelings and experiences. Attach importance to subjectivity, ignore objectivity and self-expression, and ignore objective imitation.

I like to describe and praise nature. (particularly prominent)

The author likes to put the characters he understands in the pure and quiet nature, which sets off the ugliness of the real society and the beauty he understands.

3 Pay attention to medieval folk literature. Rich imagination, sincere feelings, free expression and simple and natural language.

Pay attention to artistic effect: exotic Qingdao sentiment, contrast, exaggeration and extraordinary characters.

Romanticism: It is an artistic innovation movement initiated by18th century in western Europe. A basic method and style of literary and artistic creation, together with realism, are two major ideological trends in the history of literature and art. Romanticism (English Romanticism) originated from the language and literature of some ancient Roman capitals in southern Europe. The different dialects in these areas were originally a mixture of Latin and local dialects, and later developed into Romance. 11~12nd century, a large number of legendary stories and ballads in local languages and literature were written in Roman language. These works mainly describe the magical deeds, chivalry and mystery of medieval knights, and stories with such characteristics are gradually called legends, that is, knight stories or legendary stories. Romantic thought is embodied in literature, art, architecture, music and other artistic fields.

Romanticism, as a creative method and style, emphasizes subjectivity and subjectivity, focuses on the ideal world, puts emotion and imagination in the first place, and often uses passionate language, imagination beyond reality and exaggeration to shape the ideal image. Literary and artistic creation, ancient and modern, at home and abroad, has this feature from the beginning. For example, the poems of Qu Yuan and Li Bai in China and The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en, Goethe and Schiller in Germany, Hugo and George Shah in France, Byron and Shelley in Britain all have distinct romantic features.

As a literary trend of thought, Romanticism rose and prevailed in Europe from the end of18th century to the beginning of19th century. At that time, it was the era of bourgeois revolution, and the bourgeoisie was on the rise, demanding individual liberation and emotional freedom, resisting the rule of feudalism in politics and the bondage of classicism in literature and art. In order to meet this need, the romantic trend of thought came into being.

Romantic literature The romantic spirit first appeared in literature. In France, the pioneer of romanticism is Rousseau, who preaches that emotion is supreme and human nature is good. A group of writers responded to his slogan of "returning to nature", expressing their feelings about nature, depicting the charm of nature, and expressing their love, pursuit and attachment to beautiful things, freedom and ideals, and their homeland. The representative of early French romanticism was chateaubriand. His works cherish the memory of past ideals, preach the power of religion, and show strong negative thoughts and emotions. 1800, Mrs Starr published a book on literature, introducing her views on romanticism. In this book and another on Germany, she raised the issue of romantic nationalism, which laid the theoretical foundation of French romanticism. The successful performances of Hugo's Preface to Cromwell and Ernane marked the victory of romanticism over classicism. Hugo's works are magnificent and full of idealism, showing deep sympathy for the middle and lower classes. They are masterpieces of French and European romantic literature. George sand's novels expressing utopian socialist ideals and revealing that money is omnipotent are also excellent works in French romantic literature. However, strictly speaking, romanticism still originated in Germany and Britain. The earliest manifestation of romanticism was the German charge period. The schlegel brothers became the leaders of German romanticism in the last decades of the18th century. The publication "The Temple of Athena" edited by schlegel Brothers has played an important role in promoting the propaganda and theoretical construction of the romantic movement, and is called Jena Romanticism. They demand the liberation of individuality, advocate the freedom of creation, and advocate breaking the boundaries of various arts. However, their romanticism theory is full of subjective idealism and religious mysticism. Another school of German romanticism is Heidelberg School. The representative figures are Anim, brentano and Brothers Grimm, who attach importance to folk literature and collect folk songs and fairy tales in depth, which has played a positive role in the development of romantic literature. In addition, the works of Hoffman, Holderlin, Heine, Goethe and Schiller also occupy an important position in German romantic literature. The main representatives of English romanticism are Hunan poets Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey. Wordsworth regarded poetry as a "natural expression of strong feelings" in the preface to the second edition of Lyric Ballads, which later became the declaration of English romantic poets. Byron, Shelley, Keats and others are the representatives of English romantic literature in the early19th century. They criticized the feudal church forces, showed a democratic tendency to strive for freedom and progress, and developed and enriched the form and rhythm of romantic poetry in art. Scott, the representative of the novel, is good at combining historical events with bold imagination to create colorful pictures. Russian poet zhukovsky, influenced and promoted by western European romanticism, broke the classical norms in the early19th century and created many beautiful lyric poems and narrative poems, which played an important role in the rise of Russian romanticism. The Decemberists poets Pushkin and lermontov's early romantic creations are full of revolutionary passion, eulogizing the thoughts of anti-autocracy and striving for freedom, and they are outstanding representatives of Russian romantic literature. Romantic literature in Eastern Europe is represented by Polish revolutionary poet A Mizz Kevic and Hungarian revolutionary poet S Petofi, whose works have distinctive patriotism and strong national characteristics. /kloc-After the middle of the 0/9th century, romantic literature in Europe was gradually replaced by realistic literature.

Romantic Art 18 In the 1960s and 1970s, some painters in Rome explored various possible ways beyond the strict academic principles of neoclassical art ... Among them, Henry Fuselli, a Swiss, was the most prominent because his paintings were strange and unusual, and his painting incubus focused on depicting the irrational power of thought. On the basis of Christian mythology, British painter and poet Blake developed his own fine view of the world, and his watercolor painting skills were exquisite. In the later generation of painters, constable and Tanner combined the vividness of watercolor painting techniques with oil painting. Constable described the rural scenery in Britain and explored the complexity of light and color in the atmosphere. Tanner played the natural effect of light and created a dynamic composition, which made the audience seem to swim with the picture. In Germany, the landscape painter Long Greto symbolically described personal spiritual temperament as a part of ordinary natural spirituality. Friedrich is a devout religious person. He used the image of a lonely tree or a towering cross to imply reverence and awe for nature and mind. In France, the main romantic painter who uses historical and literary themes is Delacroix. In addition to experimenting with color and light, he also showed his feelings with energetic brushstrokes. He is fascinated by exotic themes, especially nomadic life in the desert of North Africa. His works describing animal life enthusiastically reflect his similar interests with Jericho, who is very revolutionary in choosing contemporary events as his creative theme.