What camera is used to shoot running and how to shoot it?

how to take photos with a digital camera

and the skills and elements of use

● Three elements of shooting:

The three elements of taking photos: "focus, exposure and composition" are the foundation of shooting. The so-called exposure refers to the intensity of light sensitivity of negative film or CCD photosensitive element; If the light can't be adjusted to the most suitable intensity, the negative and CCD can't record and confirm the image correctly. The intensity of light can be controlled by adjusting the "aperture" and "shutter speed".

1. Focus clearly

"The person in the photo looks foggy! !” Do you often encounter this problem? Generally speaking, this is a problem of focusing. There are several skills to focus well. Please look down:

● Recognize the focus:

Generally, the focus of a digital camera is in the center of the camera. You can see a small frame from the LCD of the camera. When taking a picture, please point the person in the small frame first, press the shutter half-way, hear a beep, and a small green light will light up (depending on the camera type)

● Is the subject in focus:

1. Put the person in the center to focus first.

2. press the shutter halfway to finish focusing first, and don't let go of the hand pressing the shutter at this time, otherwise the focusing will run away.

3. Move the person to the side, and after the composition is finished, press the shutter completely to finish the photo, because the focus has been focused before, so the focus will not run away.

● Pay attention to hand shake:

Stable camera shooting is the only way, but you should always pay attention to the shutter speed. Nowadays, digital cameras will display shutter and aperture data. Generally speaking, the so-called safety shutter is simply not less than 1/3 second. If you find that the shutter value is less than 1/3, please use the tripod to increase the stability.

2. Exposure should be correct

● What is exposure (exposure compensation)?

In traditional photography, the Exposure Value we mentioned is the so-called EV value. You can make the adjustment of+/-,that is, the adjustment of exposing one frame more (brightening) or exposing one frame less (darkening) to make the image more correct during exposure. (Now all digital cameras are equipped with EV button)

Formula: it is dark when it is dark, and it is bright when it is bright

If the subject is dark, the EV value should be reduced (changed to dark)

If the subject is bright, the EV value should be increased (changed to bright)

It's a contradiction, right? Please read the following explanation, and you will understand the efficacy of EV value, and the current digital cameras will. But in some cases, the camera will be deceived by the shooting environment, resulting in misjudgment.

● Pay attention to the environment:

Usually, if the background is too bright, it may be that the protagonist is standing in front of a white wall, wearing white clothes, on a white beach or in the snow, which will make the background brighter than the main body. At this time, the formula will come in handy. On the contrary, if you wear dark clothes or the background is too dark, you should reduce the EV value.

● Flash:

Flash can be used not only at night, but at the right time during the day, it can increase the correct exposure.

3. Composition should be special

When you are familiar with the first two skills, we come to the last and most important skill: composition

There are several steps in general composition, please read it carefully:

● Gold composition:

We often hear some professional photographers talk about gold composition, but we never know what gold composition is. Today, we will briefly introduce what gold composition is.

In fact, the composition of gold is a division with equal proportions, such as 2: 3, 3: 5, 5: 8, etc. It is to cut out lines with equal proportions in a photo, and then arrange the scenery in the photo to present a ratio of 2: 3.

● Jiugongge composition:

It is found that the intersection of four lines in Jiugongge is the most sensitive place for human eyes. These four points are also called "interesting center points" in foreign theory. As long as we master these four points to compose a composition, we can ensure that the picture you take is no longer a photo of life.

When shooting, you can cut out a nine-square grid on the LCD of the camera in an imaginary way, and then arrange the main body and the extended foreground or background at two different points to make a diagonal drawing, that is, complete a nine-square grid composition. Simple.

In fact, the composition of Jiugongge can be used in many places, such as shooting the coastline. You can put the coastline in the upper third or the lower third, which can create different feelings. Remember not to put it in the middle of the picture.

Grasp the "aperture priority" to take creative photos

Aperture priority and shutter priority shooting mode are two semi-automatic exposure control functions that are very suitable for photographers to take photos. However, because the aperture size can affect the shutter speed and directly control the depth of field, aperture priority is more widely used. We can flexibly apply aperture priority in shooting portraits, scenery, architecture, night scenes and other subjects to take photos of different styles and fully experience the fun of photography creation.

what is "aperture priority"?

to clarify what "aperture priority" is, we must first clarify what aperture is. "Aperture" is actually a device used to control light passing through the lens, which is equivalent to the pupil of our human eyes. Apertures F2.8, F8 and F16 are the "coefficients" of the aperture, which are the ratio of the focal length of the lens to the aperture diameter. Aperture is usually expressed as "f+value", and the f values of ordinary DC are 2, 2.8, 3.5, 5.6, 8, 11, 22, etc., and the unit light input between two adjacent aperture values is twice different. It should be noted that the value of the aperture f is just the opposite of the aperture. The larger the aperture, the smaller the value of f and the smaller the depth of field. Conversely, the smaller the aperture, the greater the F value and the greater the depth of field (see Figure 1).

● Schematic diagram of aperture in Figure 1

Aperture priority is an exposure control mode, in which the photographer manually sets the required aperture size, and then the camera automatically selects a shutter speed suitable for exposure according to information such as the brightness of light at the shooting site, CCD sensitivity and manually set aperture, so as to achieve accurate exposure.

the depth of field refers to the range in which the focused subject can be clearly imaged before and after the shot scene. A large depth of field means that the subject and the scenery before and after it are very clear, while a small depth of field means that only the subject is clear and the background is blurred. Depth of field is related to aperture size, lens focal length and shooting distance. The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field, the smaller the aperture and the greater the depth of field; The longer the focal length, the smaller the depth of field, the shorter the focal length and the greater the depth of field; The closer the distance, the smaller the depth of field, and the farther the distance, the greater the depth of field.

how to set the "aperture priority" mode

First, turn the function dial of DC to "A" (or Av), and select the aperture priority exposure mode (see Figure 2). Some DCs focus the exposure mode on "A/S/M", and then select "A" mode in the menu of LCD. Then, through the up and down arrow buttons of the four-way control key, select an appropriate aperture value from the optional aperture values displayed on the LCD, and the shutter speed will be automatically selected by the camera after confirmation. For a pure fool camera, the aperture size cannot be set manually.

● figure 2 sets the "aperture priority" mode

large aperture is used to highlight the subject

aperture can control the depth of field, so aperture priority is mainly used in shooting occasions that need to give priority to depth of field, such as portraits, landscapes, macro, etc. Large aperture has the function of highlighting the main body and blurring the background, especially when using medium and long-focus lenses, the advantages of using large aperture are more obvious. When shooting flowers and close-ups of people, the subject is usually required to be "eye-catching". At this time, the maximum aperture of DC can be selected through aperture priority mode, such as F2 and F2.8, combined with long focal length and close-up shooting (see Figure 3).

● Figure 3 The background blur is obvious when shooting with a large aperture

When the light is sufficient, if the shutter speed is not fast enough, it will lead to overexposure. At this time, low sensitivity and filters should be used to solve such problems.

the scenery is more transparent by using a small aperture.

A small aperture can produce a large depth of field, which can make the distant and nearby scenery clear. Therefore, when taking photos, landscapes, buildings and other subjects, you should try to choose the smallest aperture of DC, such as F8 and F11, while professional DC uses apertures such as F16 and F22 to shoot products, still life or landscape subjects, and the details of the picture will be quite clear (Figure 4). Note that when the light in the scene is not very bright, the minimum aperture is used, and the shutter speed selected by DC may be slow. In order to prevent the photo from being blurred manually, a tripod can be used or the ISO value can be increased.

● Figure 4: Shooting the landscape with a small aperture is clear

The depth of field with a small aperture is relatively large, so you can take advantage of this feature when shooting macro. Because the camera is very close to the subject, the focus will be clear and the front and rear parts will be blurred if you are not careful. You can choose a small aperture to shoot the whole subject clearly.

controlling the shutter speed

in the same environment, the aperture and shutter complement each other. The larger the aperture, the more light will enter and the shorter the shutter time will be. On the contrary, the smaller the aperture, the slower the shutter speed, so the shutter can be adjusted through the aperture. For example, when the light is dim, the camera will choose a higher shutter speed by setting a large aperture first, thus ensuring the stability when holding the camera. When shooting sports games, the large aperture can freeze the subject of high-speed movement. When shooting waterfalls, adopting aperture priority and narrowing the aperture can reduce the shutter speed, which can not only ensure the depth of field, but also make waterfalls form a gauze-like effect with a slow shutter. When shooting night scenes, a small aperture can also make the lights appear diffuse starlight effect.

how to set the shutter?

This is a very common sight. I deliberately pressed the shutter when an electric car passed by, and the shutter speed should be about 1/125 s. Because of the fast movement, the figure is blurred, and that's what I want.

when you aim the lens at an object, the camera will automatically measure the light and immediately give the appropriate shutter and aperture value. If you have never noticed this shutter and aperture value before, you should always pay attention from now on.

first of all, I want to tell you some basic knowledge about shutter.

1. You should first find out the shutter speed range of the camera you are using, such as what is the highest shutter speed? As far as I know, many cameras now have the highest shutter speed of 1/2s. Then look at the slowest shutter speed of the camera. As far as I know, most cameras now have long shutters of 3s. Then check whether the camera has a B door, which is the function that allows you to expose for a long time. The exposure time of door B is the time from when you press the shutter to when you release the shutter. For example, you can expose it for dozens of minutes or even hours.

2. Then please check the focal length of your camera lens, which is usually engraved on the front of the lens. If not, please read the instruction manual. For example, Canon's EF28-7mm lens has a focal length of 28-7mm. Ok, here's a very important point. The larger the focal length of the lens, the slower the shutter speed, and the greater the possibility that the photo image will be blurred due to hand shaking during shooting. As a general rule, use the reciprocal of the focal length of your lens as your minimum handheld shutter speed.

For example, if you use a lens with a focal length of 28-7mm, it is best that the shutter speed of your hand is not lower than 1/7s (note that the zoom lens should take the telephoto end value).

At this time, if you must shoot with a shutter speed like 1/8s, there is a great possibility that the final photo will be blurred due to hand shaking.

3. Now, you should already know the safe shutter speed of your camera when shooting with your hand.

for example, if the focal length of the lens is 28-7mm and the highest shutter speed is 1/2s, then the safe shutter speed range for hand-held shooting is about 1/6s-1/2s.

General rules:

1. When taking a hand-held photograph, pay attention to whether the shutter value is within the safe shutter speed range for hand-held photography and try not to overflow. There are two kinds of overflow. The first one is when the light is very bright, such as f8+1/2s in exposure value. At this time, if the aperture is set to f4, the shutter actually needs 1/8s(f8+1/2s = f4+1/8s), which exceeds the maximum shutter speed of the camera by 1/2s. I call this situation overflow. The second is when the light is very weak, for example, exposure value is f2.8+1/6s, and if the aperture is set at f5.6, the shutter speed needs 1/15s (f2.8+1/6s = f5.6+1/15s). Obviously, it also exceeds the safety value of the slowest 1/6s, which is also an overflow.

If you have any questions about the exposure combination in this article, please refer to: How does the camera control the light?

2. Check the flash synchronization speed of the camera. When using a flash, the shutter speed should not be higher than this value.

for example, if the flash synchronization speed of the camera is 1/125s, you must set the shutter speed at 1/125s or slower when shooting with the flash.

3. For dynamic subjects, if you want to get clear photos, you should pay attention to increasing the shutter speed. Generally, it should be at least 1/125s (slight movement), and the shutter value should be increased accordingly if it moves faster than the film or photosensitive element. For example, it is estimated that a bicycle driving from left to right in front needs a shutter speed of 1/5s or 1/1 s. You can try this more or search related articles on the internet, so I won't expand it.

4. Sometimes we deliberately use slow speed to blur some objects, such as using shutter speed of 1/3s or 1/15s to blur raindrops into a rain silk effect. Or use the slow speed of 1s to 3s (using a tripod) to blur the lights on the road into light paths, or use the camera's B door to shoot lightning. Wait a minute. Personally, I don't think all these special skills are the most important, because you won't involve these aspects most of the time. Unless you specialize in shooting things like lightning.

I want to make it as simple as possible, but the number of words in the article still exceeds the standard. If you want to know more about the shutter, you can leave a message and ask questions. Personally, I think it should be enough under normal circumstances.

About rules:

Rules can make it easier for us to get a beautiful photo. So please follow the rules as much as possible at the beginning, but in the end, the rules are meant to be broken. Please try to break every rule you can think of, integrate it, forget it, and you can reach a higher level of photography without winning.

how to set the ISO sensitivity?

The night belongs to me

This photo was taken by hand using Kodak negative with ISO4 degree and the maximum aperture f1.4 of standard lens, and the shutter speed was estimated to be around 1/3s. When the light is dim, it is very important to have a lens with a large aperture, because it allows you to shoot with your hand most of the time.

how to set the shutter, aperture and ISO sensitivity is an extremely important issue. Here I will tell