Material composition writing guidance

Material composition is nothing new, it can effectively prevent students from guessing questions and betting. Therefore, there is a material composition in the senior high school entrance examination, or a combination of material composition and topic composition. They * * * show the same rule: First, material composition covers all testable styles, such as narrative, expository, argumentative, practical and so on. Second, the material composition covers all propositional forms such as proposition, semi-proposition and free proposition. Third, the material composition covers rewriting, continuation, expansion, modification and other writing forms. Fourth, the composition of the material covers the combination types of large and small compositions.

It can be seen that it is very important to review the material composition well in the Chinese review of the senior high school entrance examination. The following is my humble opinion on how to guide the writing of material composition.

It is impossible to cultivate students' Chinese literacy with material composition. Composition training covers a wide range, including writing quality, language expression quality, ideological and moral character, and insight into social life quality. Therefore, the writing guidance of material composition is an extremely detailed and complicated system engineering. Reasonable design and scientific training can cultivate students' excellent quality; On the contrary, only bad quality can be hatched.

Material composition guidance should not only ensure students' interest and impulse in writing, but also cultivate the pertinence and identity of thinking, the logic of writing and the rigor of language. This is the real quality education.

First, guide students to grasp the emotional intention and the "signified" intention of raw materials, and on this basis, extend the "signified" association that can be incorporated into the overall track. This is the basis of material composition writing guidance.

There is a material that says: the greening workers cut off the branches and leaves on the sidewalk, and then left two rows of neat and beautiful holly. From then on, students advocate individuality, and it is easy to write a composition as an education against strangling individuality. But the author's emotional intention for this material is not here. Not to mention the emotional intention of the author of the material, that is, if the rows of holly in real life are different in height and width, there is no aesthetic feeling at all In view of students' understanding, teachers can ask other students to analyze and comment on the viewpoint of "killing individuality" and remind students to pay attention to the emotional intention of the materials.

Trying to figure out the author's intention to the material and analyzing the intrinsic enlightenment factors of the material belong to the category of "referred" of the material. In guiding this kind of composition, the author first asks the students to put forward their own writing angles according to the materials, and then arranges them on the blackboard one by one, and then asks the students to compare the materials in turn to analyze and evaluate whose angles conform to the road to Rome implied or implied by the materials. For example, when a Nobel Prize winner answers what stage has the greatest influence on his career success, the answer is: kindergarten. Based on this, some students have come to the conclusion that "diligence" and "cultivation of creative ability" cannot be clearly cultivated by children or kindergartens (because there are no words for teachers to carry out creative activities in this original material), so the author invites everyone to discuss whether the written materials disclose such information, and finally it is purely a comment to unify this view.

The most common defect of students' views on refining materials is specious, playing the edge ball. At this time, teachers should guide students to refine their views, and the scope and points of application should be as similar as the tendency of raw materials and enlightenment factors. With such guidance, students delve into it and cross-examine each other, and the "truth" becomes clearer and clearer, and their enthusiasm and desire for expression become stronger and stronger.

Second, guide students to understand the overall requirements of raw materials, raise questions within the permitted scope, use topics, do the opposite, and put forward creative opinions.

There is a piece of material that Wang Anshi saw two poems somewhere, "The moon is crying in the sky, and the yellow dog is lying in the flowers", thinking that the other party's typo was caused, so he changed it to "The moon is shining in the sky, and the yellow dog is lying in the shade"; In fact, "Yue Ming" is a local bird and "Yellow Dog" is a small caterpillar. The material said: "Wang Anshi did not investigate, and the result was the author's original intention." The emotional intention of the material itself is to criticize Wang Anshi, but if the writing requirement says, "Is Wang Anshi wrong in correcting the poem or is the original poem flawed?" Please talk about your opinion. "At this time, it is completely possible to criticize the obscure words of the original poem against the original intention of raw materials.

Many essay questions often have a tail, which implies or indicates that exercise questions can be discussed openly and express different opinions. At this point, students can break through the corresponding framework of materials to update their writing.

Thirdly, the success of the conception of the material composition does not depend on the topic the author picks up, but on whether the introduction of the composition is properly analyzed, measured in speech and closely connected, which naturally leads to opinions.

No matter what kind of material, there must be one or two paragraphs to make the finishing point. If justified, the renovation of writing style can give people a refreshing feeling; If the introduction is vague and lacks logical reasoning, even if the viewpoint closely related to the emotional intention of the raw materials is put forward, it will make people feel far-fetched and make an article irrelevant.

Students often encounter two kinds of problems when completing the writing of material composition, either copying the raw materials at the beginning of the article, or casually mentioning a few words about raw materials, and some even don't mention a word. If there are these three diseases (as long as there is one of them), then any intention of sports is just a castle in the air.

Material composition is intended to let students refine their ideas in raw materials. No introduction, no description of raw materials, no analysis, the opinions of the exercises are born, which makes people confused. Therefore, the author focuses on the beginning of each exercise, which requires students to combine narrative, analysis and evaluation in the concise introduction. The description of raw materials should be concise, focusing on refining ideas for practitioners. Analysis of materials is the key, and it must go deep underground to pave the way for refining ideas. Refined thinking is the soul of the full text. It should be natural on the basis of analysis, and the language should be concise and clear.

The author once gave students a 600-word interview with Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist. The central meaning is that Yuan Longping's name is worth tens of millions because of his great achievements in scientific research, but he does not seek fame or profit, but only knows to devote himself to agricultural research. Some exercises begin with two sentences: "Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist, devoted himself to scientific research and achieved worldwide results, so one needs to have ideals to achieve results." It should be said that practice is to talk about feelings from the height of determination and to deduce the enlightenment factors provided by raw materials. However, there was a lack of analysis at the beginning, and no point of view was drawn from the narrative and analysis of Yuan Longping's determination. The article has become a tree without roots, and the discussion has an unreasonable feeling.

In view of this phenomenon, the author often praises some articles with well-founded arguments in the introduction, and also takes out inappropriate words in the introduction for students to evaluate and analyze each other and find out mistakes in order to improve. It should be said that learning from failure is often more targeted.

The introduction of the article has passed, and the conception of material composition has become no longer difficult. For example, when Wang Anshi changed his poems, his original tendency was to criticize Wang Anshi. However, if the writer faithfully illustrated the original materials in the introduction and then put forward his own views, he would analyze the people and things in the materials with a turn of the pen, criticize the poet in turn, and write a refurbished article with different views, which was seamless and made the critics nod and say yes. Who doesn't applaud such a composition?

Based on this, the author thinks that students should follow the enlightenment factors given by the materials when refining their opinions in the material composition, and analyze the truth in the introduction part, so that both forward writing and reverse writing can achieve the same effect.

Fourth, [simulation questions]

1. Read the following materials and write a comment of about 600 words from your own point of view.

Zheng Banqiao is an old man and likes it very much. Before he died, he called his son to bed and said that he would eat the steamed bread made by his son himself. My son dared not disobey his orders and reluctantly agreed, but he refused to do it. Zheng Banqiao ordered him to consult the chef. After the son discussed it, it took a lot of effort to make steamed bread. Zheng, who was full of joy, died. His son knelt by the bed and found a note on the coffee table, which read: "Sweating, self-reliance, doing your own thing, relying on heaven, people and ancestors are not heroes!"

Note: You should stick to the material to express your experience and talk about your feelings in connection with the reality.

[Thinking] To write the post-reading feeling, we should pay attention to reading and read out the connotation of the material. Understand the main idea and meaning of the article. Second, write your own feelings from the materials. The content of this material is very clear. Zheng Banqiao's comments at the end of the article can be regarded as the center of the material. When writing, we should talk about feelings around "doing our own thing". At the same time, we should pay attention to being specific and vivid in connection with our own reality. Pen and ink should be concentrated, and never write wherever you want, so that the full text has no center and is chaotic. After reading an article, you can feel six or seven hundred words, and you can talk about it through one or two feelings.

2. Read the following materials and write as required.

The girl with big eyes in the photo is named Su Mingjuan. 199 1 year, photojournalist Jie Hailong went deep into Dabie Mountain to interview and took a famous photo "I want to study" for Su Mingjuan, the "big eye" among many poor students. Since then, the bright "big eyes" of this 8-year-old girl have been linked with her desire for learning and Project Hope, which has become a symbol of Project Hope in China. In the following 1 1 years, Su Mingjuan completed his primary school, junior high school and senior high school with the support of Project Hope, and was admitted to Anhui University in 2002. Su Mingjuan, a college student, is determined to finish her studies through her own efforts. So she wrote to the China Youth Foundation and sincerely requested to withdraw from the donation plan of the China Youth Foundation, hoping to spend the money on more poor students in need.

Tip: Helping others is a virtue, and refusing help in time is an effective way to urge yourself to make progress. Which is more conducive to our survival and development, accepting help in time or refusing to help?

A, carefully observe the pictures, combine the contents of the materials, give full play to the imagination, and describe Su Mingjuan's psychology of wanting to help and continue learning in the first person with the topic "I want to learn". About 150 words.

B, according to the content of the material, write an article on your own topic. No less than 600 words.

[Thinking] Question A is relatively simple, that is, writing a fragment of psychological description, paying attention to two points, one is to use the first person, and the other is to write carefully and write a strong desire to learn "I". The idea of question B is already in the tip of the material, and the last sentence of the material is the key point. When writing, you can choose one of the viewpoints at will. The key is to grasp the key to the problem. No matter how to choose, we should highlight the question of "which is more conducive to our survival and development". In addition, the material is just an example. Don't just cling to the material. We should talk about it, put it down and end it. Try to talk in depth and make sense.

3. Read the following materials and write as required.

It is a person who plays this space. There must be 300 people in this art troupe. In the south, the King of Yue was invited to blow a shovel, and (Yu Yue) said that he would feed hundreds of people. Xuanwang died, Wang Li was arrested and fled.

The fable above is "just fill the vacancy". Later, the metaphor is that there is no real talent and learning, but it is mixed with experts. In fact, this fable gives us more than that. Think about it, why did Mr. Dong Guo number it? There are so many people, why can he make up the number without being found? ……

A. Write an argumentative essay on your own topic from the perspective of your own choice. No less than 600 words.

B, expand the fable into a 600-word narrative.

C, use your imagination, continue to write "fill in the blanks", the topic is self-made, not less than 600 words. Write something new.

Please choose one of the above three questions.

[Thinking Tips] 1 Don't stick to the traditional point of view when writing the topic. It has been pointed out in the material prompt that different angles will have different inspirations. In the fable, boasters such as Wang Xuan, Rebecca, and Chu Shi from the south of China form six kinds of character relationships. That is, Xuan Wang and Wang Jin were with Chu Shi and other braggadocio in the south; South China Chu Shi and other players; Xuan Wang and Wang Jin. People in any field can be the object or starting point of discussion, and with reference to similar situations in real life, they can draw various conclusions and draw various beneficial inspirations. Question 2 is the expansion of writing. When writing, we should pay attention to using a variety of descriptive methods to shape the main characters in The South, such as Chu Shi, Xuan Wang and Kun Wang. At the same time, we should pay attention to designing one or two small plots with the help of imagination to make the story more tortuous. There should also be argumentative sentences that reveal the theme to highlight the theme. Question 3 is a continuation. From this point of view, it is actually a new story. Therefore, we should work hard on the idea, break the original story, boldly connect with reality and innovate writing. But it should be noted that no matter how you write it, you can't make it up.

4. Read the following materials and write as required.

At the Spring Festival party in 2003, the sketch "Pedicure" and the song "Let Love Live in My Home" attracted the attention of the audience. In this regard, the creators of the two works talked about their feelings.

Huang Hong: In my life, for me, it is two women who really wash my feet. When I was a child, my mother washed my feet. Now my wife washes my feet. At the end of the sketch, I added a line: "In the future, our children may wash your feet." In fact, this simple line runs through the family style of China people and even the folk customs of the nation. Looking back now, how many people in our generation have done this filial piety to their parents? Maybe washing feet is not a big move, but it has an impact on people's lives.

Mai Weiting: I wrote Let Love Live in My Home, and my husband composed it. For many years, the husband and wife have always wanted to come up with a work that reflects the warmth and happiness of the family. We are willing to pass this work on to everyone, so that everyone can feel love and mutual understanding in the family. I hope this song can be the driving force for everyone to love.

Requirements: After reading the above two materials, please write an article of not less than 600 words from your own point of view, your own topic and your own style.

[Thinking] The main idea of this topic is obvious. The first material is about "filial piety" and the second material is about "love", both of which are deeply understood in our lives, and are often taken in the senior high school entrance examination. The requirements of material writing are similar to those of topic composition, so it is not difficult to write. The point is to write your true feelings and avoid making them up.

Read the following materials and write an article with a title that is not limited to style.

It was at an exhibition of artists' works held by the Red Cross, and I participated in the exhibition as a special guest. During this period, two lovely little girls came to me and asked me for my autograph devoutly. "I have no fountain pen. May I use a pencil? " Actually, I know they won't refuse. I just want to show a famous writer's humility and ordinary demeanor to ordinary readers. "Of course." The little girl readily agreed, and it could be seen that they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also makes me feel gratified. A girl handed me her exquisite notebook. I took out my pencil, smartly wrote a few words of encouragement and signed my name. The girl frowned after reading my name. She looked at me carefully and asked, "aren't you Robert?" Chapos? " "No," I told her proudly, "I'm Booth? Jin Shun, Alice? Author of Adams, winner of two Pulitzer Prizes. " The girl turned her head to another girl, shrugged her shoulders and said, "Mary, lend me your eraser."

The sudden stop of thinking-guided materials may cause you to think as follows: people should not overestimate themselves, but should be self-aware; There will always be people who are more important than you, and the quality of humility is the most important; Vanity and conceit are terrible, but what is even more terrible is not realizing the consequences of vanity and conceit ... These ideas capture the essence and theme of the material. You may also have the following ideas: erasing your signature in person shows that you don't respect others, and borrowing an eraser in person shows that your child is the most sincere and dares to tell the truth; If the signature is wrong, it means that you should observe it carefully and not rashly; Erasing the signature shows that the girl is vain and pushy ... these ideas deviate from the material to some extent. Grasping the main points of the material is the key to writing.

6. Look at the following materials and write an article. The style is not limited, and the topic is self-made.

On an island, an old fisherman and his wife lived. One autumn, a flock of swans came to the island. They flew in from the far north to go to the south for the winter. The old woman was very happy to see the swan, so she took out the feed for the chickens and the fish and shrimp she caught to entertain them. When winter came, these geese didn't continue to fly south. When the lake froze, the old couple opened the door of their hut to keep them warm and give them food. This fear continued until spring came and the lake thawed. Year after year, every winter, the old couple dedicated their love in this way. One year, they got old and left the island, and the swan disappeared. However, instead of flying to the south, they starved to death when the lake froze the next year.

Ideas guide everyone in this world to praise selfless love, but when giving love to others, we need to always pay attention to its degree. In the face of other people's difficulties and misfortunes, we don't have to be eager to offer love, but should encourage them to bravely accept difficult challenges, help them build up confidence and regard difficulties as opportunities for growth. If we understand this, our writing will have profound significance. When writing, you can quote materials-ask questions-discuss-and summarize the meaning of the topic. The quotation should be concise, targeted and tendentious, so as to serve the following discussion. The viewpoint should be correct and clear, and it should be triggered according to the given material. When discussing, we should not only stick to the given materials, but also be limited to them. The meaning of the question can be summarized in a concise sentence, reaffirming the point of view, echoing from beginning to end, and playing the role of making the finishing point.