What did Mongolia's Western Expedition bring to the world?

The vast Mongolian empire included the two most advanced cultural centers in the world at that time. One is the Islamic cultural center of ancient Iranian civilization in Central Asia, and the other is the Han cultural center in the Yellow River Basin of the Central Plains.

Vast imperial territory

The Mongols made three voyages to the West and firmly controlled the control of the trade routes between the East and the West. At the same time, Islamic civilization, even Christian civilization and Han civilization began to have relatively close exchanges.

In the Yuan Dynasty, you can see many "strange" faces.

The influence of the Mongols' Western Expedition on the course of world history can be explained from the aspects of transportation, commerce, science and technology, religion and so on.

Traffic aspect

/kloc-In the 3rd century, it took the Mongols more than half a century to get through the Tieligan (meaning "car" in Mongolian) and Liu Mu (meaning "horse" in Mongolian) post roads leading to the Central Plains.

After Wokuotai acceded to the throne, the post office system was formally established. While widening the "Tieligan Station Road" and "Mulian Station Road", it also opened up the "Nalian Station Road (meaning' Jing' in Mongolian)". The transportation lines from the capital, Hara Horin, to the Central Plains, the Golden Account Khanate and the Chagatai Khanate have begun to take shape.

After Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, "Tieligan Post Road" and "Liu Mu Post Road", as "Lu Wu Sijia (National Road)", became the main traffic arteries leading to Lingbei Province in the Yuan Dynasty.

In the Yuan Dynasty market, you can see businessmen from different countries and regions.

/kloc-In the first half of the 3rd century, the main roads connecting the Central Plains and the Western Regions were as follows:

From the Central Plains to the north, through Hala and Helin in Mobei, then to Jinshan (Altai Mountain), turn south to Bie-Lost Bali (northeast of Urumqi), and follow the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain (now a mountain) to Ali Muli (now a Huocheng). From this, it can reach Europe in the northwest and Persia in the southwest via Tarasi (Talaz, the capital of Jiangbul).

When Chahetai near Tianshan Mountain was on the Western Expedition, "the stone road was cut, 48 bridges were published, and the bridges could be merged", and it was difficult for people and animals to walk. "Thousands of stone valleys were piled up in deep streams, and the rocks beside the streams were lying on the road, and wheels and hooves were prohibited from passing through ancient and modern times", which became "noisy traffic". In the past, the way of Tianshan Mountain, "a thousand miles across things, apes and tigers dare not cross", has become "forty-eight bridges across geese, winning the wonders."

Tianshan mountains

The establishment of the Mongolian Empire directly promoted the communication between Europeans and the Asian continent. In the Imperial Capital, Hara and Lincheng, as well as Kan Ballouk and Shangdu, they all became international metropolises in the Middle Ages.

Missionaries, envoys, craftsmen, engineers, astronomers, mathematicians, businessmen and administrative officials from all over the world gathered here. They come from Persia, Iraq, Azov, Li Kang, Syria, Morocco, North Korea, India, Poland, Hungary, Britain, France, Italy, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan and other countries.

Guillaume de Rubruquis, a famous French missionary, Odolik, a Roman envoy, and ibn battuta, a Moroccan traveler, all reached the remote hinterland of Mongolian grassland along the post road opened by Mongols, and were escorted and received by Mongolian officials at all levels.

French missionary Rubruk

Objectively speaking, it must be unfair for Mongols to go to the Western Ocean three times. The three wars brought extremely heavy disasters to Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe at that time, and the social order was greatly destroyed.

Xu Liewu's army besieged Baghdad.

However, judging from the historical process, the Western Expedition reshuffled the political entities in these areas at that time.