Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - How to respect the customs and habits of Dai people?

How to respect the customs and habits of Dai people?

National festivals

The main festivals of the Dai people are the Dai calendar New Year-Water-splashing Festival, Closing Festival and Opening Festival.

the Water Sprinkling Festival

The "Water-splashing Festival" is a traditional festival for the Dai people to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. The time is in the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar. The main activities during the festival are ancestor worship, building sand, splashing water, throwing sandbags, dragon boat racing, setting off sparks and singing and dancing carnival. The annual Water-Splashing Festival is held in June of Dai calendar, which is the biggest festival. In Dai language, it is called "Sanggan Bimai". At that time, the Buddha will be worshipped and a banquet will be held to entertain monks, relatives and friends to splash water on each other. Now, water splashing is the main content of the Dai New Year Festival, which is deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups.

Closing festival

"Closing the door" is called "entering the depression" in Dai language, which means that the Buddha enters the temple. Yunnan Dai traditional religious festival, lasting for 3 months, begins on September 15 (mid-July of the lunar calendar) of the Dai calendar every year.

According to legend, every year in the Dai calendar in September, the Buddha went to the Western Heaven to lecture with his mother, and then returned to the world three months later. Once, just as the Buddha was going to the west to talk about his menstrual period, thousands of Buddhists went to the countryside to preach, trampling on the crops of the people and delaying their production. People complained bitterly and were very dissatisfied with Buddhists. When the Buddha learned about this, he felt uneasy. From then on, whenever the Buddha went to the Western Heaven to give a lecture, all Buddhists were called together and it was stipulated that they were not allowed to go anywhere during these three months, and they could only repent to atone for their sins. Therefore, people call it "closing day".

Open door festival

"Opening Day", also known as "Chuva", is a traditional festival of Dai, Bulang, De 'ang and some Wa people who believe in Hinayana Buddhism. Popular in Yunnan, it originated from the habit of rainy season life of ancient Buddhism, similar to the restoration of Buddhism in the Central Plains. The time is December 15th of the Dai calendar (around mid-September of the lunar calendar).

The opening day symbolizes the end of the rainy season in the past three months, and it also means that the marriage taboo between men and women has been lifted since the closing day. From now on, young men and women can start free love and hold weddings. On this day, young men and women dressed in costumes went to the Buddhist temple to worship Buddha, offering food, flowers, wax strips and coins. After the sacrifice, a grand cultural rally was held to celebrate the end of fasting since the closing day. The main contents include setting off sparks and rising, lighting lanterns, singing and dancing. Young people will also jump lanterns in the shape of birds, animals, fish and insects around the village. At this time, when the rice harvest is finished, it is also a festival to celebrate the harvest.

National taboo

It is forbidden for outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade unkempt; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside. You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; The tripod on the fireplace can't move, and the fire can't be pushed; Don't whistle and cut your nails at home; Don't use clothes as pillows, and don't sit on pillows; When hanging clothes, the coat should be hung at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be hung at a low place; Take off your shoes when entering the Buddhist temple, and avoid touching the head, Buddha statue, spear, banner and other Buddhist sacred objects of the young monk. Don't talk loudly at will.

Etiquette and eating habits

Religious diet custom

Dai people generally believe in Buddhism spread from the south to the upper seat, and many festivals are related to Buddhist activities. Songkran Festival is the biggest festival held by Dai people every June. At that time, Buddhists will be worshipped, and monks, relatives and friends will be entertained to splash water on each other. During the Songkran Festival, besides wine and vegetables, there are many Dai snacks.

If there is a kind of Ciba, it is a round cake made of glutinous rice and sugar stuffing, and it is wrapped with banana leaves coated with wax oil. It can be baked with fire or fried with honey. Shredding is to stir rice flour with water into granules, steam it, mash it into balls, roll it into thin and big round cakes, cool it and stack it. When eating it, blanch it in a bowl and sprinkle with various seasonings. Water-splashing Ciba is made of glutinous rice flour, steamed with brown sugar, wrapped with a layer of fried bean flour, and then wrapped with banana leaves as a reward.

There is also a crispy rice made of fried glutinous rice paste. The more important festivals are the Harvest Festival (July 15 in Dai calendar) and the Opening Festival (June 65438+ February 15 in Dai calendar), both of which are Buddhist festivals spread to the south. Dai people in Xinping, Yuanjiang, Jinggu and Jinping celebrate the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Its content and activities are basically the same as those of the local Han nationality. Typical foods are dog meat soup pot, dried pork, salted eggs and dried eel.

Festive diet custom

Every Dai family in Xishuangbanna should help build a house. Congratulations on the completion of the new house. First of all, the young man went upstairs, carrying a cow's head and singing a song of blessing. Mature men carry boxes, and married women carry bedding. The girls took the food in turn, then set up a tripod on the fireplace, put it on the table, bought wine and prepared dishes, and sang songs to congratulate the new house. The villagers also want to give some auspicious gifts to their owners.

"Catch yellow chicken" is a way for young men and women in Xishuangbanna to seek love by eating rumors, that is, girls take braised chicken to the market to sell. If the buyer is a girl's lover, the girl will take the initiative to take out a stool and let him sit next to him. Through conversation, if the two sides love each other, they will hold the chicken and carry the stool to pour out their feelings in the Woods; If the buyer is not the girl's lover, the girl will double the asking price; Another example is "drink some wine". A man and a woman are engaged, and the man goes to the woman's house to treat them. When the guests dispersed, the man set the table for dinner accompanied by three male companions and three female companions of the woman. "Eat some wine" means eating three dishes: the first one is spicy; The second way is to put more salt; The third course should have sweets. It means passion, depth and sweetness.

On the wedding day, the wedding will be held in both parties' homes, mostly in the woman's home first. At the wedding reception, the table should be covered with green banana leaves, and the dishes include blood flourishing (white flourishing) symbolizing good luck, rice cakes and various dishes. Before the banquet, the bride and groom should make a tie ceremony, that is, the wedding uses a white line to bypass the shoulders of both sides, and two white lines are tied to the wrists of the bride and groom respectively, symbolizing purity. Then, the old man pinched the glutinous rice into a triangle, dipped it in salt, and placed it on the top of a tripod on the fireplace, letting it fall off naturally after burning, symbolizing that love is as strong as iron. The bride in Daping Township of Yuanjiang should sit on the bench with the groom after entering the door, eat glutinous rice mixed with four eggs and drink two glasses of wine; When the bride of the Dai family on the Yuanjiang River enters the door, the man gives each farewell four pieces of meat, four ribs, four meatballs and four pieces of crispy meat, and then has dinner.

Sacrificial diet custom

Dai people also worship the village gods. Dai people call it "going to Raman" or "Piman", which is a kind of protector. They worship twice a year. Before sowing, they pray for a bumper harvest, and after the autumn harvest, they are grateful. They collectively killed a cow or a pig. Every family prepares tributes and sends them to the room dedicated to social gods. After reading the sacrificial words, everyone ate together. New members of the club should provide chicken, wine and bacon strips to the god of society.

In Menghai and other places, the custom of slaughtering cattle and eating fish hides still exists. In the western version of a tribal god, some sacrifices must be black cows and white pigs. The Dai people in Yuanjiang and New Equality generally worship dragon trees and dragons. When the Dai people in Yuanjiang sacrifice the dragon tree in the third month of the lunar calendar every year, the whole village will slaughter the red bull. Before slaughter, it will be covered with white ash and covered with red and green cloth. In the same month, in order to protect the safety of livestock, pigs will be sacrificed to Heaven and Earth.

Among the Dai people, especially in some remote areas, there are still some taboos in cooking, such as: burning firewood from the roots first; Don't cross the fire pit; You can't just move a tripod or something on the fireplace.

Typical food

Dai-style hot and cold pickles have typical dishes and snacks. Such as: coconut casserole chicken, fried sesame crisp, beef skin, sour meat, grilled fish, pickled cow's head and so on.

Go beyond it.

Label: Dai people's customs and habits. Editor: Hunan folk photography

Home Previous 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page Next Page Last Page Current Position: Page 3 of 7.

Direct input: page

Large, medium and small fonts traditional contribution collection recommendation report comments closed back to the top.

The previous one: China folk customs are too young. Next: the customs and habits of the Miao people

Recommended works

Chen Wu Shicheng

Author: Ge

My journey to collect wind in the Arctic.

Author: Qiuyun and Xiaoyu

partner

Author: lzr 123

Jinhua

Author: Taste the fragrance.

Correlation column

Headquarters information activity announcement

Consulting folk literature in the station

Route suggestion help

CFPA and China Social Culture

The association won the title of "National Advanced"

Folk custom of "Blue Cup" in Shangqiu

Records of Executive Director Qiu Liangsheng

The latest article

The customs and habits of Gaoshan ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups, Korean ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups, Zhuang ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups, Tibetan ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups and Wa ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups.

Picture theme

Gaoshan ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups, Korean ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups, Zhuang ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups and Tibetan ethnic group of 56 ethnic groups. ..