Blue butterfly HD photography

Butterflies belong to Lepidoptera, with wide wings and light posture. Butterflies can be divided into four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult butterfly. Due to the reflection of light, the wings of butterflies can show various gorgeous colors, and many people are fascinated by butterflies.

Taiwan Province Province is located at the junction of tropical and temperate zones, so insects have both characteristics. Most butterflies distributed in mountainous areas of Taiwan Province Province belong to Himalayan system, such as Papilio ascendens and Papilio formosana. Butterflies distributed in the flat and low mountains of the whole island mostly belong to the Indian zhina sub-flora, such as Papilio formosana, Papilio leucocephala and Papilio flavipectus. In a word, butterflies in Taiwan Province Province are most closely related to the Himalayas.

Do you know the difference between butterflies and moths?

Butterfly: It moves during the day, closes its wings at rest, and its tentacles are rod-shaped.

Moth: nocturnal, with roof-like wings and filiform, comb-like or feathery antennae at rest.

Beautiful transformation, the process of butterfly growth

Before a butterfly becomes a beautiful butterfly, it must go through a difficult growth process, including egg, larva, pupa and the most admired stage of butterfly formation. These different growth periods also have different patterns and lifestyles, so the growth process of butterflies is very interesting and dramatic.

Egg: In the egg stage, the shell of the egg has a protective effect on the butterfly larvae in this period, so that the larvae can develop and grow with peace of mind under the protection of the egg.

Larvae: The butterfly in larval stage is the main feeding stage, which will undergo several desquamation and gradually form the shape of pupa during its growth.

Pupa: The last stage before butterfly emergence. Butterflies can't move in pupal stage, so they are particularly vulnerable to natural enemies. Fortunately, the pupa is protected by its hard shell, but it will inevitably be infringed by birds, rats or other animals, so it will make full use of protective colors to protect itself in the pupa stage.

After a period of time, the pupa will try to break away from the pupa. When they are completely separated, the butterfly will discharge the liquid called pupa dung from the end of the abdomen, which is the waste accumulated by the butterfly in the pupa stage.

Adults:

The last beautiful butterfly-forming period. During this period, in addition to transforming into a beautiful butterfly, it is necessary to start laying eggs to prepare for reproduction.

Butterflies are "complete perverts"? After four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult, it is called complete metamorphosis, and the absence of one is incomplete metamorphosis.

Terrible natural enemy

Because butterflies are the food of many animals, she will try to avoid the intrusion of natural enemies. Camouflage is one of the methods. Protective colors blend them with the background of life. The green and yellow butterfly looks like a tree, and the Huang Die on the mountain is more like the leaves of artificial flowers. In addition, according to statistics, most attackers target wings, so another defense method is to use fake tentacles and fake compound eyes on wings to make predators think they have met two strange monsters and give up.

Butterflies have several ways to protect their natural enemies, which are described as follows:

pretend

This is the most common way for butterflies to protect themselves. They successfully blend into the background color of the environment in different ways, making it difficult for the enemy to detect.

There are many kinds of butterflies. According to related literature, there are 14000 kinds of butterflies recorded in the world. In order to facilitate people's classification and memory, entomologists divide various butterflies into sixteen families according to their morphological structure, evolutionary development and blood relationship, and each family is divided into several genera.

Of these sixteen families, four are only distributed in South America, so there are only twelve families in China. Guangdong province is located in the subtropical zone, and the mountain elevation in the province is not high. The highest mountain in the province, Shikeng, is only 1.902 meters above sea level. So there are only eleven butterflies in this province, which are not native to this province.

The main taxonomic characteristics of this 1 1 family butterfly are listed here for your reference.

Note: Veins of all families are taken from Zhou Yao's Classification and Identification of Butterflies in China.

Papilionidae

Papilionidae

Undergraduate butterfly is a medium to large beautiful butterfly species. Black, yellow and white are often used as the background color, decorated with red, blue, green and yellow stripes, and some varieties have brilliant metallic luster of blue, green and yellow.

The lower lip whiskers of most adults (except Papilio) degenerated; The end of the antenna gradually thickens. There is a big thorn inside the tibiofibular joint of the forefoot and a symmetrical claw 1 pair at the end.

The front and rear wings are approximately triangular; The middle chamber of the wings is closed. The anterior wing R vein has 5 branches, R4 and R5 are the same stalk; M 1 and r pulses are not in the same stalk; Most species have transverse veins at the base (cu-a), and vein A has two veins (2A and 3A). Hook-shaped transverse shoulder vein (H) exists in the shoulder of the posterior wing; The outer edge is corrugated; The inner edge contracted, and the side was obviously exposed to the abdomen at rest, with only 1 vein A (2a); Most species of M3 veins extend as caudate protrusions, and some species have more than two caudate protrusions or no caudate protrusions.

Butterfly family

Butterfly family

Undergraduate butterfly is a small to medium-sized butterfly species. Often white and yellow, decorated with black, red and yellow stripes, most kinds of wings are pink.

There is a middle pad (sucker) between the two claws at the end of the forelimb of the adult Papilio, so it can stay on the surface of smooth vertical objects such as upright glass.

The front and rear wings are similar to sui circles; The middle chamber of the wings is closed. There are 3 ~ 5 branches of R vein in the forelegs. R2 and R3 in the forelegs of most species often merge, and R4 and R5 in some species also merge. M 1 is the same as r pulse; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The posterior wing has transverse shoulder vein (H); The outer edge of the wing is blunt and round; At rest, the abdomen is not visible on the side, and the inner edge of the hind wing is developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).

Papilionidae

Papilionidae

Undergraduate butterfly is a medium to large beautiful butterfly species. Often dominated by black and white, decorated with red, white, black, blue and other colors, and some varieties have brilliant purple-blue metallic luster.

The end of the antenna of the adult butterfly gradually thickens, but it is not obvious; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. Male forefoot is hock joint, female has 4 ~ 5 hock joints, and all claws are degenerated; There are often many white spots on the chest side; The male has a retractable long-haired pinch at the end of the abdomen.

The front and rear wings are approximately triangular; The middle chamber of the wings is closed. The anterior wing R vein is 5-branched, and R3 to R5 are the same stalk; M 1 and r pulses share a short stalk; The anterior wing A vein is bifurcated at the base (3A merges into 2A). The hind wing is triangular, and there is a short transverse shoulder vein (H) on the shoulder. There are two pulses a (2A and 3a); Some species of male butterflies have fragrant scales or prominent fragrant scales.

Amathusiidae

Amathusiidae

Most undergraduate butterflies belong to medium and large butterfly species. Often taupe, tan as the main color, decorated with black and white stripes.

The antenna of the butterfly is short, and the terminal part gradually thickens, but it is not obvious; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. Male tarsal joint, female with 4 ~ 5 tarsal joints, all claws degenerated.

The two wings are large and the worm is small; The front wing is approximately triangular; The middle cavity is closed, and the back angle protrudes outward; The anterior wing has 4-5 branches of R vein, R2-R5 share a long stalk; M 1 and r pulses are not in the same stalk; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The hind wings are nearly round; The middle chamber is open; The shoulder region has a transverse shoulder vein (h); The buttock area at the inner edge is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A), and there are often many annular markings on the opposite sides of the wings near the sub-outer edge.

Butterfly family

Butterfly family

Most undergraduate butterflies belong to small and medium-sized butterflies. Often taupe, dark brown as the main tone, and decorated with black and white stripes.

The antenna end of butterfly adults gradually thickens, but it is not obvious; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. The male has only one hock joint, the female has 4 ~ 5 hocks, and all the claws are degenerated.

The front wing is a circular triangle; The middle chamber is closed; The base of Sc vein in the anterior wing is often enlarged, and the base of some kinds of Cu vein and A vein is also enlarged. The R vein has 5 branches, and R3 to R5 share a stalk; M 1 and r pulses are not in the same stalk; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The hind wings are nearly round; The middle chamber is closed; There is a well-developed transverse shoulder vein (H) in the shoulder. The buttock area at the inner edge is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A), and there are often many eye-shaped annular markings on the opposite sides of the two wings near the sub-outer edge.

Nymphalidae

Nymphalidae

There are many kinds of butterflies in undergraduate course, which belong to small and medium-sized butterflies, and a few are large ones. Rich colors and different shapes.

The lower lip of Nymphalidae adults must be particularly thick; The antenna end is obviously thickened; Some kinds of diaphragm are particularly thick and developed; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. Male tarsal joint, female with 4 ~ 5 tarsal joints, all claws degenerated.

The wing shape of the butterfly is rich and varied, and there are great differences among genera. The front wings are mostly triangular; The intermediate chamber is opened or closed; R pulse has 5 branches, R2 to R5 are common stalks; M 1 and r pulses are not in the same stalk; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The hind wings are nearly round or triangular; Some species have serrated edges; The intermediate chamber is opened or closed; There is a well-developed transverse shoulder vein (H) in the shoulder; The gluteal region of the inner margin is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).

Papilionidae

Acraeidae

The undergraduate course is divided from Nymphalidae, and the adults are similar to the species of Papilionidae, so it is also called Nymphalidae. Adults are small and medium-sized butterflies. Brown or red with black and white stripes.

The antenna end of the adult butterfly gradually thickens, but it is not obvious; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. The male has only one hock, while the female has five hocks. The claws are all degenerated, and the middle and rear paws are asymmetrical. After mating, the female has a triangular buttock cover at the end of her abdomen.

The front wing of the adult is narrow and oval, which is obviously longer than the rear wing. The middle chamber is closed; R pulse has 5 branches, R2 to R5 are common stalks; M 1 and r pulses are not in the same stalk; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The hind wings are nearly ovoid; The middle chamber is closed; The shoulder region has a transverse shoulder vein (h); M 1 and Rs share a short handle; There are two veins (2A and 3A) on the inside of buttocks.

Corallinae

Libya Section

There are only ten kinds of butterflies in the world. It is a small and medium-sized butterfly species and the earliest butterfly species found on the earth so far.

The lower lip of an adult of the coracoid family must be particularly long, reaching more than twice the length of the head; Male forefoot degenerates without contraction, with hocks at the end and completely degenerated claws; The front legs of females are normal.

The front wing is triangular; The end of ventricle was sealed by weak transverse vein; The R pulse has five branches, R3 to R5 are co-stems, M 1 is not co-stems with the R pulse, and the M2 pulse is obviously prominent, exceeding the apex angle; The bottom of pulse a is bifurcated (3A merges into 2A). The tail is polygonal; The end of ventricle was sealed by weak transverse vein; The shoulder region has a transverse shoulder vein (h); The gluteal region of the inner margin is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).

Cucurbitaceae

Riodinico

Undergraduate butterfly is a small butterfly. Mainly in red, brown and black, decorated with white stripes, the colors and stripes before and after the wings are similar.

There are many white rings on the antenna of Hemiptera adults; Male forefoot degenerates without contraction, with hocks at the end and completely degenerated claws; Women's front legs are normal.

The front wings of undergraduate butterflies are mostly triangular; The middle chamber is closed; The R vein has 5 branches, and R3 to R5 share a stalk; M 1 is the same as r pulse; The bottom of pulse a is bifurcated (3A merges into 2A). The hind wings are nearly ovoid; The middle chamber is closed; There is a well-developed transverse shoulder vein (H) in the shoulder. The gluteal region of the inner margin is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).

lycaenidae

lycaenidae

Undergraduate butterfly is a small butterfly. The front of the wings is mainly gray, brown and black. Some kinds of wings have brilliant metallic luster of purple, blue and green. The colors and stripes on the front and back of the wings are completely different, and the colors on the back are rich and varied.

The antenna of adult Papilio has many white rings; The forefoot has degenerated, but it can still be used for walking. Male forefoot is mostly hock and claw-shaped, and rarely segmented. Women have two to five hocks on their forefeet.

The front wings of undergraduate butterflies are mostly triangular; The intermediate chamber is closed or open; The branches of R vein are 3-4, and R4-R5 are co-infarcted; M 1 is the same as r pulse; There is no bifurcation at the bottom of pulse a (with or without 3A merging into 2A). The hind wings are nearly ovoid; The intermediate chamber is closed or open; There is no transverse shoulder vein in the shoulder area; The buttock area at the inner edge is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).

Butterfly family

Butterfly family

There are many kinds of butterflies in the undergraduate course. Adult belongs to Fluttershy species, which is one of the most special forms and living habits.

The end of the antenna of Papilionidae is a pointed hook; The forelegs of both male and female adults are normal.

The front wing of the adult is in the shape of a long and narrow Yangtze River Delta. The intermediate chamber is opened or closed; R pulse has five branches, all of which extend directly from the middle cavity in parallel; There are two pulses (2A and 3A) in pulse A .. The rear wing is mostly triangular; The intermediate chamber is opened or closed; 2 to 3 M-type veins; The shoulder region has a transverse shoulder vein (h); The gluteal region of the inner margin is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).

About 600 species, about 32 species from Taiwan Province province.

This kind of branch is the most ornamental and medium-sized.

Bright colors, mostly with tail-shaped protrusions.

About 3500 species, about 73 species in Taiwan Province province.

Its appearance is different.

The staple food is animal carcasses, tree sap, animal excrement and so on. Very little nectar is sucked away.

About 1000 species, about 33 species are from Taiwan Province province.

Generally medium size, mainly white, yellow or orange,

He looked vulnerable when flying.

About 5,500 species, about 100 species in Taiwan Province Province.

Very small, but beautiful,

Its habits and feeding habits are very complicated.

About 450 species, about 18 species in Taiwan Province province.

There are beautiful spots on the whole body and wings of undergraduate course.

It is a warning color and has a deterrent effect.

About 2500 species, about 4 1 species in Taiwan Province province.

Adults have eye-shaped patterns on their wings and like dark environments.

Suck rotten fruit, tree sap or corpse juice.

About 3000 species, about 56 species are from Taiwan Province province.

This one is the least like a butterfly, short and fat,

Flying fast, the posture of staying is different from that of ordinary butterflies.

It is common in middle and low altitude areas, with about 1 species in Taiwan Province Province.

Larvae takes bamboo as the host, and there is little difference between male and female butterflies.

It is huge, flying slowly and not easily confused with other butterflies.

It is easy to see in mountainous areas, and there are about 1 species in Taiwan Province Province.

Larvae take Runnan and Pu Shu as hosts,

Also known as Tiangou butterfly, male and female butterflies are similar and difficult to distinguish.