Characteristics of the development of ancient art

There are many categories of art, including literature and art, music art, and fine arts. Fine arts also include painting, sculpture, architecture, craft design, calligraphy, seal cutting, photography and other arts; art is also divided into Eastern and Western arts. , so my friend asked too broadly. Each item is divided into East and West. How to answer my friend?

Characteristics of Chinese Architecture

1. Ancient Chinese architecture uses wood and bricks as the main building materials, and wooden frame structure as the main structural method.

This structural method is constructed of main components such as columns, beams, and purlins. The nodes between each component are matched with mortise and tenon joints to form a flexible frame. In ancient China, there are three different structural methods of wooden frame: lifting beams, passing through buckets, and dry wells. In the beam-raising style, beams are placed on columns, and beams are raised on the beams, so it is called "beam-raising style". This structural method is often used in large buildings such as palaces, temples, and monasteries. The Chuandou style is made by connecting rows of pillars with beams to form a row of frames, and then connecting them with beams and purlins, so it is called Chuandou style. Mostly used in residential buildings and smaller buildings. The well-dry style is made of cross-stacked timber and is so named because the space it encloses resembles a well. This structure is relatively primitive and simple, and is now rarely used except in a few forest areas. The wooden frame structure has many advantages. First of all, there is a clear division of labor between the load-bearing and the envelope structure. The weight of the roof is borne by the wooden frame. The outer wall plays the role of blocking sunlight, heat insulation and cold protection, and the inner wall plays the role of dividing the indoor space. Since the walls are not load-bearing, this structure gives the building great flexibility. Secondly, it is conducive to earthquake prevention and earthquake resistance. The wooden frame structure is very similar to today's frame structure. Due to the characteristics of wood, the brackets and mortise and tenon joints used in the frame structure have some room for expansion. Therefore, the damage caused by earthquakes to this structure can be reduced within a certain limit. "The house does not collapse when the wall falls" vividly expresses the characteristics of this structure.

2. The plane layout of Chinese architecture has a simple organizational rule

That is, a single building is composed of "rooms", and then a single building is used to form a courtyard, and then the The courtyard is a unit, forming various forms of groups. As far as individual buildings are concerned, the rectangular plan is the most common. In addition, there are geometric planes such as circles, squares, and crosses. On the whole, most of the important buildings adopt a balanced and symmetrical approach, with the courtyard as a unit and designed along the vertical and horizontal axes. With the help of the organic combination and contrast of the building groups, the main building looks particularly magnificent. Residential buildings and landscape gardens adopt the flexible layout method of "according to the weather and the right location".

3. Ancient Chinese architecture has beautiful shapes

Especially the roof shape is the most prominent, mainly in the form of veranda, resting mountain, hanging mountain, hard mountain, piled peak, rolling shed and other forms.

Whether it is the verandah or the top of the mountain, they all have large roofs, which look stable and coordinated. The clever combination of straight lines and curves in the roof forms upward slightly upward cornices, which not only expands the lighting surface and facilitates drainage of rainwater, but also adds to the flying and brisk beauty of the building.

4. The decorations of ancient Chinese buildings are rich and colorful

Including paintings and carvings. Painting has many functions such as decoration, sign, protection and symbol. Paint pigments contain copper, which not only protects against moisture, weathering and erosion, but also repels insects and ants. There are restrictions on the use of colors. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, red and yellow were designated as the most noble colors. Color paintings mostly appear on the beams and brackets on the inner and outer eaves, as well as indoor ceilings, caissons and column heads. The composition is closely combined with the shape of the components, and the drawings are exquisite and rich in color. Liang Fang's colorful paintings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are the most eye-catching. Qing Dynasty color paintings can be divided into three categories, namely Hexi color paintings, Xuanzi color paintings and Su-style color paintings.

Carvings are an important part of ancient Chinese architectural art, including brick carvings on walls, stone carvings on platform foundation stone railings, gold, silver, copper and iron and other architectural ornaments. The themes of the carvings are very rich, including animal and plant patterns, human figures, dramatic scenes, historical legends, etc.

5. Ancient Chinese architecture pays special attention to the coordination with the surrounding natural environment

The building itself is an environment for people to live, work, entertain, socialize and other activities. Therefore, not only the internal components Cooperation and coordination must be considered in part, and special attention must be paid to coordination with the surrounding natural environment. Chinese designers pay great attention to the surrounding environment when designing. They must carefully investigate and study the surrounding mountains and rivers, geographical features, climate conditions, forest vegetation, etc., to ensure that the architectural layout, form, color tone, etc. are consistent with the surrounding environment. It adapts to the environment and forms a large environmental space.