What is a movie? What is a movie? Define a movie.

Movie: diàn yǐng 1. movie 2. film is a comprehensive art that uses strong light to continuously project the photographed image on the screen, making it look like a real moving image. From talkies to the present, we have developed into the era of science and technology. The use of a large number of computers to produce special films is very popular among friends under middle age. Film Origin Film Database "The prehistory of film is almost as long as its history." As modern science and technology The product of film, the birth of film, indeed went through a long experimental process by many scientists, inventors, and even imitators in European countries. Their scientific exploration and experiments on the optical illusion of motion can be traced back to the early 19th century. But human beings’ understanding and application of “light and shadow theory” can start from China more than 2,000 years ago. According to written records in the fifth century BC, Mozi's theory on "the death of light when scene (shadow) dies" was mankind's earliest and most scientific contribution to "optical theory". The "Lamp Shadow Play" that originated during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was widely circulated after the Tang and Song Dynasties was the earliest and simplest application and practice of "optical theory". In the 13th century, "Lamp Shadow Play" was introduced to the Middle East, Europe, Southeast Asia and other places, which gave rise to later visual and moving visual games such as "Slideshow" and "Revolving Lantern". Movies originated from these visual entertainment games. As for the science, technology and physics principles on which the invention of the film is based, there are mainly the following three aspects. "Encyclopedia Britannica Film History Section", the first sentence. This is how people watched movies a hundred years ago. Let’s travel through time and go back to the Chinese cinemas a century ago. Those were small teahouses, thatched pavilions, and cloth awnings. On the simple screens, the images swayed like heavy rain... Film Principle 1. Visual retention "makes a piece of burning charcoal turn into a ribbon of fire when it is waved, This phenomenon had been discovered by people in ancient times." However, it was only in the 19th century that this visual phenomenon was linked to the invention of film. In 1829, the famous Belgian physicist Joseph Plato once stared into the strong sunlight for a long time in order to further examine the limit of human eyesight's light tolerance and the retention time of objects. As a result, he became blind. But he found that the shadow of the sun was deeply imprinted on his eyes. He finally discovered the principle of "visual retention". That is: when the object in front of people's eyes is removed, the image of the object reflected on the retina will not disappear immediately, but will continue to stay for a short period of time. Experiments have shown that the retention time of objects is generally 0.1-0.4 seconds. At the same time, in European physics textbooks and physics laboratories, the principle of "Faraday's wheel" and the visual study of the rotation of the "phantom disk" in pictures also began to be used. They show humans that the physiological function of human vision can combine a series of independent pictures into a continuous movement of vision. In the 1830s, visual toys such as trick boards, horse racing boards, wheel wheels, movable mirrors and strobe observers appeared one after another. The basic principle is similar, that is, a series of images are drawn on a movable optical disc that can rotate, and when the optical disc rotates, those dull, lifeless images will move and come alive. After that, the Austrians combined the slide show with the movable video disk to project the static pictures on the screen to create a movable slide show, forming early animation. However, by the 1960s, film theorists and educators raised new doubts about the problem of "visual retention". They found that all movement phenomena on the screen were actually jumpy and incoherent, but the audience was aware that It is a unified, complete sequence of actions. This proves that what really works is not "visual retention", but "psychological recognition". 2. Photography Photography also emerged in Europe in the 19th century. In 1839, the Frenchman Daguerre was based on the principle of imaging small holes in paintings after the Renaissance and used chemical methods to permanently fix the image. The "Daguerreotype" was born. In front of consciousness, it is no longer possible to be satisfied with static, beautiful, single photos, but to dream of one day being able to connect them to each other and faithfully replicate the material realization of image movement and natural space. In 1872, photographer Edward Muebridge was the first to apply "photography" to continuous shooting. Over the course of five years, he experimented with using multiple cameras to continuously photograph a running horse, and succeeded in 1878. This talented photographer lined up 24 cameras. When the horse ran by, the shutter of the camera was opened, and the horse's hooves and the momentary gesture of the horse were photographed in sequence. For this reason, Edward Mubridge obtained the patent for "Methods and Devices for Photographing Moving Objects". In 1882, the Frenchman Marais used the intermittent principle of a revolver to develop a "photographic gun" that could take continuous shots. After that, he invented the "film continuous camera". Finally, a video camera began to replace Murbridge's method of photographing moving objects with a group of cameras. In Europe, during this period, scientists and inventors in many countries also developed different types of cameras. Among them, the American Thomas Edison and his mechanic Dick invented the traction method of drilling holes on both sides of the film in order to make the film move at the same intervals in the camera, which solved the technical problem of mechanical transmission. The "photography" of "event photography" was completed.

3. Projection In 1888, the Frenchman Emile Reno invented the "optical movie camera", and people began to be able to see moving movies on the screen for a few minutes, such as "Poor Bié". When the Lumière brothers showed the public footage of a train arriving at a station in 1895, the audience was frightened and frightened by the almost living image. Since then, the cinematogrphy initiated by them has not only shown epoch-making significance in the history of the development of human documentary tools, but the shot of the train entering the station also symbolizes the origin of the development of film technology.