What do you mean by aesthetic characteristics?

What do you mean by aesthetic characteristics? Aesthetic characteristics of art

In literature and art, according to the different media means and ways of shaping images in various artistic forms, they are called plastic arts, performing arts, language arts and comprehensive arts respectively. Literature is a language art, and in artistic aesthetics, artistic aesthetic characteristics are the basis of synaesthesia. Artists and appreciators must find a breakthrough in various artistic aesthetic characteristics and establish contact, so that synaesthesia can flow naturally in various arts. Therefore, if we use artistic synaesthesia to appreciate beauty, we must understand the aesthetic characteristics of various arts. Here is a brief analysis of the aesthetic characteristics of various arts:

First, the aesthetic characteristics of plastic arts. Plastic arts refers to the use of certain materials (such as pigments, silk, cloth, paper). Stone, metal, wood, bamboo, etc. ), an art form that expresses social life and artists' feelings by shaping visible static images. It includes painting, sculpture, photography, architecture, arts and crafts and other specific art forms. Its main aesthetic characteristics are intuition and concreteness; Eternity in an instant; Differences in spatial expression; Formal beauty of cohesion.

(1) Intuitive concreteness means that plastic arts have the characteristics of using material media to express concrete artistic images in space. Plastic arts use material media to create concrete artistic images and directly attract people's visual senses. This kind of direct and concrete image contains rich artistic implication, which directly presents the concrete visible or tangible image to the audience and causes the audience's intuitive aesthetic feeling. Plastic arts can also transform some intangible things that are difficult to express in real life into concrete visual images that can be intuitive.

(2) The eternity of an instant means that plastic arts have the characteristic of choosing a specific moment to express eternal meaning. Plastic arts is a kind of static art, it is difficult to reproduce the movement and development process of things, but it can capture, select, refine and fix the most expressive and meaningful moments in the development process of things, "moving in the static state" and expressing "eternity" with "moments". For example, photography, the instantaneous expression of photographic images, often seize the moment before the arrival of * * *, leaving people with unlimited imagination.

(3) The difference of spatial expression means that all categories of plastic arts have different characteristics in spatial expression. For example, Chinese and western paintings use different perspective methods to create an illusory three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional plane. Western oil paintings use "focus perspective" and Chinese paintings use "scattered perspective".

(4) Cohesive formal beauty means that plastic arts have the characteristics of condensed and aggregated formal beauty in artistic image. The law of formal beauty is universally applicable to all kinds of plastic arts, so using the law of formal beauty to deal with material media can integrate artistic symbols that condense formal beauty. Various laws of formal beauty (such as symmetry, balance, rhythm, rhythm, contrast, proportion, master and slave, scale, light and shade, truth and falsehood, diversity and unity, etc.). ) condensed into various forms of beauty in the concrete application of various arts. For example, the symmetry of proportion, the change of rhythm, the contrast between light and shade, the unity of diversity, the coexistence of reality and reality, etc. , are the concentrated embodiment of the law of formal beauty in various art categories.

Second, the aesthetic characteristics of performing arts. Performing arts is an art that uses artificial symbols (music) and expressions and gestures (human movements) to create emotional and vivid images through performance, mainly including music and dance. The aesthetic characteristics of music and dance are: lyricism and performance; Process and liquidity; Beautiful sense of rhythm and rhythm.

(1) The lyricism of performing arts refers to the art of music and dance, which is good at expressing freehand brushwork but poor in reproducing realism. It can directly express and reveal people's inner feelings and has a strong emotional shock. Performance refers to the artistic image of music and dance expressing emotions, which must be presented through the second creation of the artist's live performance, and can only be finally completed by appealing to the audience's audio-visual senses.

(2) The process and fluidity of performing arts refer to music as a time art and dance as a time-space art, and its image composition is displayed in the process of time, so it is more abundant in reflecting the development and changes of life and expressing emotions. The time when music and dance express images is illusory, but the emotions expressed are real.

(3) The sense of rhythm in performing arts means that both music and dance take rhythm as an important means of expression, and express their feelings through the regular repetition of music and movements. Rhythm is one of the important laws of formal beauty, and it is the most important basic element and expression means of music and dance. The connotation of artistic rhythm is the change of emotion, and different rhythms can have different performance functions, thus making melody and dance have distinct personality. Thirdly, the aesthetic characteristics of language art mainly include three aspects: rhetoric of language, indirectness and implicitness of image.

(1) Rhetoric of language refers to the language in literary works, which not only creates literary works through aesthetic factors such as pronunciation, grammar and figures of speech, but also constitutes an integral part of the beauty of literary works. The beauty of literary language is embodied by rhetoric. Rhetoric of language includes phonetic beauty, grammatical beauty and rhetorical beauty.

(2) Image indirectness refers to the image created by language art, which does not directly appeal to the reader's senses, but relies on the reader to appreciate, grasp and understand indirectly through language symbols and imagination, and then the image of the work can be transformed into the image in the reader's mind.

(3) Implication is a summary of the special language and meaning of literary activities, which means that literature is practiced as a social language symbol, and its language organization contains rich possibilities of meaning generation. The implication of literature is often more fully reflected in two typical forms: implication and ambiguity. Implication refers to hiding seemingly infinite meaning in limited language, and the real meaning is covered by literal meaning, so that readers can appreciate infinity from the limited. Ambiguity, also known as ambiguity, polysemy or polysemy, refers to the seemingly single meaning, but the definite language contains multiple and uncertain meanings, which makes readers remember deeply. Ambiguity makes readers feel that there are multiple meanings and various "reading methods" when reading literary works.

Fourth, comprehensive aesthetic characteristics, comprehensive art is the art of comprehensively using various artistic symbols to create a living image. Mainly drama, traditional Chinese opera, movies, television and so on. Its aesthetic characteristics mainly include three aspects: high comprehensiveness, richness of plot and diversity of expression.

(1) A high degree of comprehensiveness means that comprehensive art absorbs various artistic elements from other arts and organically blends them into its own artistic symbol system, thus enriching its artistic expression and artistic appeal. At the same time, the comprehensiveness of film and television art is based on science and technology, which makes it a new modern art.

(2) the richness of the plot. It should be understood from two aspects: artistic expression and artistic acceptance. Comprehensive art develops contradictions and conflicts, shapes characters and embodies creative style with storylines composed of characters and events; At the same time, comprehensive art, as an ornamental art, should provide wonderful and vivid storylines for the audience to attract their attention and meet their aesthetic needs.

(3) the diversity of performances. It refers to the drama, traditional opera performance and film and television performance of comprehensive art, which form their own different performance styles because of their different aesthetic characteristics. Their aesthetic requirements are: the performance should be the unity of actors and roles, and the unity of experience and embodiment.

The classification of art is not absolute and unconditional. On the contrary, the boundaries between various art categories are not absolute and conditional. They have differences, connections and exchanges in aesthetic feelings, means of expression and mutual development. Their aesthetic characteristics also have a lot in common. To realize the aesthetic experience of artistic synaesthesia, we must firmly grasp the similarities and differences between various arts, and make these aesthetic characteristics communicate with each other in the aesthetic feelings of various arts through the exchange and borrowing between feelings.

What are the aesthetic characteristics of the novel? The aesthetic features of the novel mainly include:

(A) fictional narrative, to achieve a realistic representation of life.

First of all, the novel is different from poetry, lyric prose and other performance styles, and it is fundamentally an imitation and reproduction of human external reality. The great energy of language endows the novel with meticulous imitation ability. Whether short stories show the cross-section of life or novellas reproduce long-term and large-scale historical situations, their vividness, delicacy and extensiveness in describing reality are incomparable to other imitation arts.

Secondly, the novel imitates and reproduces real life through narration. The so-called "narrative" shows two characteristics of the novel. First, as a noun, the narrative "thing" refers to the narrative object-story. The direct material of novels is language, which is linear, one-dimensional and temporal, which leads to the difference between novels and pure space arts such as painting and sculpture, and space-time comprehensive arts such as drama, film and television. Novel is mainly an art of time, and the imitation of continuous objective process is its specialty. In this way, the "story" composed of characters' actions, events and their consequences becomes the basic object of narration, which is the first element of the novel. It can be said that storytelling is a novelist's bounden duty, and there is no novel without stories. Second, as a verb, that is, narrative "narrative" refers to the "narrative" behavior itself. The story in the novel will not unfold automatically as in human experience, but must be woven into language and presented through narration. Novels rarely tell stories according to their natural forms, but purposefully transform stories according to certain strategies. Therefore, narrative is a special way to unfold a story with words, and the story told after this transformation is called plot. The traditional novel theory equates the story with the plot, and the British novelist Foster first distinguishes the two. He said, "A story is a narrative arranged in chronological order. The plot is also narrative, but the focus is on causality. The king died, and then the queen died. This is a story. The king died, and then the queen died of grief', which is an affair. " [1] Contemporary narrative theories may not agree with this explanation, but they all accept the practice of distinguishing stories from plots. We can simply understand that the story is the original appearance of the event and the plot is the result of the story being told. What readers see from the novel is the plot, but the original appearance of the story can be restored through the plot. In the process of changing from story to plot, the writer adopts a series of means to achieve a specific aesthetic purpose. These techniques include the reorganization of event sequence, the choice of perspective, the interweaving of overview and scene, the adjustment of narrative speed, the use of repetition and suspense, and the interspersed lyric discussion. The transformation of "plot" highlights, dilutes, shifts the original meaning of the story or gives it new meaning. For example, Lu Xun's Kong Yiji tells the story of Kong Yiji, giving up all kinds of possibilities such as Kong Yiji's self-narration, the author's omniscient narration, the narration of the hotel owner and the drinker, and choosing the new waiter as the narrator alone enhances the expressive force of the novel in at least three aspects: 1. Kong Yiji's long life can only be seen through the fragments of hotel life; 2. The "bystander's observation and evaluation" is in sharp contrast with "Kong Yiji's evaluation of self-observation", which highlights Kong Yiji's tragedy; 3. The complicated deep perspective relationship of "the drinker looks at Kong Yiji, the waiter looks at the drinker and Kong Yiji, and the author looks at the waiter, the drinker and Kong Yiji" has greatly enriched the meaning of the text. [2] For another example, Russian writer Puning's Breathing Gently was originally a bloody murder story, but the author completely changed the meaning of the story by reorganizing the order of events, and the cruelty of death was dispelled. On the contrary, Olivia, a middle school girl, is full of youthful beauty, which ripples between the lines of the plot. [3] In short, a good story is important, but the creativity of novelists is more manifested in how to tell it, that is, how to control the plot.

Finally, the novel is a product of fiction. The story in the novel has the duality of "experience" and "symbol". It not only describes the living and concrete individual reality, but also transcends the individual, and contains the writer's universal understanding of the world. Aristotle has long said: "The poet's duty is not to describe what has happened, but to describe what may happen", "Therefore, writing poetry is more philosophical than writing history" [4]. Novelists grasp the "inevitable law and probable law" of life in reality, and then convey it through imagination in a broader virtual life, so fiction is a universal feature of novels. Although it describes life most truly, "the biggest feature of the novel lies in its falsehood", "fiction is necessary to write vividly" [5].

(2) Create characters in many ways.

Man is a hero in the world of life and fiction. Characters are the core elements of the novel. The French "new novel" school once wrote novels by "still life sketching" and expelled people from novels. This is only an extreme experiment. Moreover, the "new novel" is about people: it is a metaphor for the highly materialized situation of modern people. As for some animal novels, they are fables of "quasi-materialization" personality. It can be said that novels without characters do not exist. Depicting characters is an important task for novelists. The novel's characterization means are the most abundant: character description, language description, action description and psychological description; Can be static painting, but also fierce struggle to show; It can appear on the front or on the side. Except for the lack of intuition, novels are superior to dramas and movies depicting characters in all aspects.

Aristotle once emphasized that "action" is the primary factor of narrative art. "Without action in a tragedy, it is not a tragedy. But without' character', it is still a tragedy. " [6] "Action" is indeed a powerful means of characterization in novels (especially early western novels and China classical novels). Recently, however, people have gradually realized that man is not only a material existence, but also a psychological reality, and personality is the essence of man. Since Hegel pointed out that personality is "the real center of artistic expression" [7], the focus of artistic description in novels began to shift-increasingly to the description of the psychological world of characters. It is at this point that novels show unparalleled advantages. /kloc-Since the 20th century, novelists have created various psychological description methods such as psychoanalysis, objective projection, inner monologue and stream of consciousness, making novels the most effective weapon to explore the depths of the soul.

Environment is the background of characters' life, and it is also an important description object of novel art. Realistic novels regard environmental description as a necessary condition for shaping good characters, and "truly reproducing typical characters in typical environments" [8] is the principle of realism. People are used to calling environment, plot and characters the three elements of novels, which shows that they attach importance to the environment. A good environmental description is not only a means to portray characters, but also a way to realistically reproduce reality. It also has its own independent aesthetic value, such as the landscape description written by Turgenev, a master landscape painter.

Novels are usually classified according to their length and the breadth of their lives. There are only two types of western novels: novels and short stories, and China used to divide them into novels (more than 6,543,800 words), novellas (30,000 words to 6,543,800 words) and short stories (less than 30,000 words). In recent years, there have been short stories shorter than short stories, also called thousand-word novels and mini-novels, which are generally within a thousand words.

What does the second characteristic of women mean? female features

Refers to the period from the beginning of the development of sexual organs, the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics to the full maturity of reproductive function.

Because the ovary develops earlier than the testis, the physical development of girls is 1-2 years earlier than that of boys. Girls' puberty starts and ends at the age of 9- 12 and 18-20 respectively.

Height and weight increase rapidly; The functions of various organs of the body tend to be mature, the nervous system structure is close to that of adults, the thinking is active, the ability to respond to things is improved, and the ability to analyze problems and memory are enhanced; When the endocrine system is mature, the adrenal gland begins to secrete estrogen * * * and grow hair, and * * * and armpit hair appear. The hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis system of reproductive system is mature, and the ovary begins to secrete estrogen, progesterone and a small amount of androgen. * * * The reproductive organs inside and outside the body develop, showing secondary sexual characteristics, such as * * * bulge, plump subcutaneous fat, wide pelvis and high voice. Menstruation is the most prominent symbol of adolescence.

What are the aesthetic characteristics of art and folk arts and crafts? The aesthetic characteristics of arts and crafts (1) make full use of the natural beauty of materials (agate carving "Shrimp Plate")

(2) Unique and exquisite skills and techniques "The Story of the Nuclear Ship"

(3) Long and outstanding decorative significance (folk paper-cutting)

What do the x and y axes mean? X-axis Y-axis is a concept in two-dimensional plane coordinate system. In the plane coordinate system, the horizontal axis is called the X axis, which is a straight line with an arrow pointing to the right, the vertical axis is the Y axis, and the arrow is upward. The intersection of two arrow lines is called the coordinate point or origin.

What do you mean by return? The original intention of return is to report the implementation of tasks and missions to superiors, that is, to report and reply; Now it usually means to repay and thank. Details are as follows:

Return: pinyin huí bào

Explain 1, reward; 2. Reporting and replying; 3. Revenge.

Source 1, reporting; Answer.

(1) "Qin Six Kingdoms Pinghua" Volume 1: "Will the assassin Zhou Guang? Put the Chu army back, let him repay the king of Chu and let him leave early. "

② Ming Korea? Li Minbi's "The Continuation of Mr. Jingting" records: "On June 11th, the third year of the Apocalypse, in Gengwu, the military gate (Yuan Keli) inspected and handed over the cloud:' Koreans are not allowed to enter the Shuicheng Gate. I reported to the yamen last night, and I can only enter the cloud when I return.' "

(3) Chapter 39 of Water Margin: "Cai Jiu is a magistrate, waiting to be rewarded in the hall."

(4) Episode 5 of "Strange Symptoms in Twenty Years": "How does Big Brother repay him?"

(5) Shi Ming Nai 'an's "Water Margin", the 47th chapter "The Flying Carving of Life and Death and Song Gongming's Fighting for Home", said that Song Jiangjun was stationed at the village entrance, Yang Lin and Shi Xiu did not return, and then Ou Peng went to the village entrance.

2, return, compensate others for their own efforts, investment income.

Zou Taofen? Experience 16: "I left the exchange and went to another job, so it was difficult to balance my time and I didn't repay their kindness."

3. Revenge.

You hit him hard, and one day he will get back at you.

What are the aesthetic characteristics? How to judge the aesthetic characteristics of a thing? Aesthetic characteristics, expressed in popular language, are the characteristics of aesthetic objects and the reasons why aesthetic objects make people feel beautiful.

Strictly speaking, everything has aesthetic value.

Aesthetic characteristics of sculpture art

1 space, 2 angles, 3 forms. These three points are unique to the difference between sculpture performance and other two-dimensional arts.

4 (what is it) concept, 5 (what is its meaning) and 6 (what is its expression) concept. All these works of art must be owned.