Huzhou New York new york Photography

Name: Map of Zhu Mo

Category: calligraphy and painting

Time: Northern Song Dynasty

Original ownership of cultural relics: originally collected in Yuanmingyuan.

Present situation of cultural relics: now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Introduction:

Northern Song Dynasty painter Wen Tong painted. Silk ink pen, vertical 13 1.6 cm, horizontal 105.4 cm.

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About the author:

Wen Tong (A.D. 10 18- 1079), whose name is Hehen, is Mr. Shishi and Mr. Xiaoxiao. Zitong, Sichuan. He is noble in spirit, capable of poetry and prose, good at painting and calligraphy, especially bamboo painting. Later people called him "Wenhu Lake". During the reign of Emperor You in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a scholar who sued Yuan Wailang and Miguel for managing the school. He was also ordered to defend Huzhou. In the early years of Yuanfeng, he was appointed as the satrap of Huzhou, so he was called "Wen Huzhou". Legend has it that Huzhou Bamboo School has a far-reaching influence.

Wen Tong was an important literati painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. He often paints bamboo to express his thoughts, feelings and character. Describing the various states of bamboo with thick and light pen and ink has made epoch-making achievements and created Huzhou Bamboo School, which had a great influence at that time and later generations. His cousin Su Shi once learned to draw bamboo from him. Wen Tong loved bamboo painting all his life, and The Picture of Zhu Mo was his masterpiece.

Mystery of Mona Lisa's smile

For 500 years, people have been unable to agree on the mysterious smile of Mona Lisa. Different audiences or at different times look and feel different. I think she sometimes smiles comfortably and gently, sometimes looks serious, sometimes looks slightly sad, and sometimes even reveals ridicule and ridicule. In a painting, the change of light can't be as different as in sculpture. However, on Mona Lisa's face, dim shadows appear and disappear, covering her eyes and lips with a veil. However, people's smiles are mainly reflected in the corners of their eyes and corners of their mouths. But Leonardo da Vinci's descriptions of these parts are faint and have no clear boundaries, which is why there is such an elusive "mysterious smile".

Dr. Livingstone, a neuroscientist at Harvard University, said that Mona Lisa's smile was flickering, which was related to the human visual system, rather than the mysterious expression of the people in the painting. Dr. Livingstone is an authority on visual nerve activity, mainly studying the response of eyes and brain to different contrast and light and shade. Livingstone said: "The smile is flashing because the viewer has changed the position of his eyes." She said that the human eye has two different parts to receive images. The central part (that is, the shallow fossa on the retina) is responsible for distinguishing colors and marking them carefully. Pay attention to the black and white, movements and shadows around the shallow pit. According to Livingstone, when people look at a face, most of their eyes are fixed on the other person's eyes. If people's central vision is placed in Mona Lisa's eyes, then less accurate peripheral vision will fall on her mouth. Because peripheral vision does not pay attention to nuances, it invisibly highlights the shadow of cheekbones. In this way, the radian of the smile is even greater. However, when the eyes look directly at Mona Lisa's mouth, the central vision will not see the shadow. Livingstone said, "If you look at her mouth, you will never catch her smile." Mona Lisa's smile is looming because people's eyes are constantly shifting. Livingstone pointed out that if you want to copy the Mona Lisa, you should look away when describing your mouth.

1993, Susan Gill, a Canadian art historian, published a shocking research result. She said that Mona Lisa's lips, which attracted countless audiences, were men's bare backs. This argument is novel and absurd, but it is powerful. Leonardo da Vinci, a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scientist, was a "geek". He likes to wear a pink coat, paint his beard with colorful colors without scruple, and often claims that he has dissected more than 30 bodies. He is still left-handed and used to write backwards from right to left. Others must use the mirror to read what he wrote. Therefore, using the mirror is also a way for the audience to read pictures. After rotating 90 degrees, Mona Lisa's lips in the mirror are just the back of a strong man with clear lines, as well as his left arm and elbow angle; Besides, expressing the beauty of human body and calling for the awakening of human nature is not only the master's philosophy of life, but also his artistic view.

Indeed, people will get different feelings when they appreciate this painting from different angles and under different light. That smile is sometimes gentle, sometimes serene and serious, sometimes slightly sad, and sometimes somewhat ironic and ridiculous. The mysterious smile reveals the mysterious spiritual activities of the characters.

For hundreds of years, new explanations of "smile" have emerged one after another. For example, smiling without showing white teeth is because the prototype is elegant and beautiful but not good at words; The prototype is depressed and unhappy because of the death of his beloved daughter, and it is difficult to hide his sadness. What's more, Mona Lisa was pushed off the throne of a lady, and the prototype was demoted to a prostitute, so she smiled with ridicule and ridicule.

Dr Joseph Baukowski of Maryland, USA, said: "The Mona Lisa didn't laugh at all. Her facial expression typically shows that she wants to hide that she has no front teeth. "

Dr Jean Jacques Kondert, a brain surgeon in Lyon, France, thinks that Mona Lisa has just suffered a stroke. Look, half of her face is flabby and her face is crooked, so she looks smiling.

Dr Kenneth gay friends, a British doctor, thinks the Mona Lisa is pregnant. His basis is that her face is satisfied, her skin is fresh and tender, and her hands are crossed on her abdomen. Sexologists speculate that Mona Lisa has just experienced an orgasm, so she showed a smile that fascinated the world.

There is also an almost nonsense statement: her expression looks like she ate phenylalanine, a pleasure hormone produced in her body after eating chocolate. Few people believe this statement, because there was no chocolate at that time.

In the painting, the horizon on the left is lower than the right, and the left side of Mona Lisa looks bigger than the right side. Historically, the left side represents women, which shows Leonardo's worship of women. Computer analysis shows that Mona Lisa's face has many similarities with Leonardo da Vinci's self-portrait. Maybe Mona Lisa is Leonardo da Vinci herself. In Egyptian legend, the god in charge of male genitalia is called Amon, and the god in charge of female genitalia is called Isis-pronounced L'ISA in ancient Chinese, so Mona Lisa implies that Mona Lisa is neither male nor female, but a fusion of the two sexes.

The Mystery of the Authenticity of Mona Lisa

It is said that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is collected in the Louvre in Paris. However, there is a saying in the collection that it is not the Mona Lisa hanging in the Louvre, but the real Mona Lisa hanging on the wall of an apartment in London.

Dr Pulitzer, the custodian of the apartment and the work, said that after the Mona Lisa was completed, the work was left in Lisa de Zogon's home. Later, another nobleman asked Da Vinci to paint a portrait of his mistress. The woman known as "La Gioconda" (meaning "smiling person") looks very much like the Mona Lisa. So the lazy Da Vinci changed the Mona Lisa's face into Jokangda. After the painting was completed, the nobles abandoned La Qiaokangda and did not buy this painting. Later, at the invitation of Francis I, Leonardo da Vinci took the painting to France. Pulitzer said that what makes the Louvre more brilliant is the portrait of Gioconda. Mona Lisa was later exiled to England. At the beginning of this century, it was bought by william blake, a museum curator and art connoisseur, and later by a Swiss consortium, of which Pulitzer was a member.

At the beginning of this century, many people copied and forged famous works of art on a large scale, so there is reason to suspect that the one in London is a fake. However, Dr. Pulitzer is convinced of the authenticity of his paintings. He confirmed through photomicrography that the fingerprints on this painting in London are the same as those on other works of Leonardo da Vinci. According to records, the Mona Lisa is younger 19 years old than La Giocondo, and was painted with a veil of mourning. Of the two paintings, only the one in London shows a young woman wearing a beautiful veil. Another evidence is that Raphael drew a sketch when Leonardo da Vinci painted this painting. There are two pillars behind the Mona Lisa in the sketch, which appear in the portrait of London, while the background of the Louvre painting is cliffs, paths, stone bridges, trees and flowing water.

For hundreds of years, many collectors have claimed that they have the real Mona Lisa, and the number has reached as many as 60. More interestingly, the Bertrand Museum of Art in Maine received a Mona Lisa without a smile at 1984. It has been determined that this painting was indeed written by Leonardo da Vinci, and all the characters in the painting resemble the Mona Lisa. Experts speculate that this smiling Mona Lisa may be a manuscript drawn by the author at the same time.

There is also a saying that the Mona Lisa in the Louvre is a fake, which is based on the theft in 19 1 1. The Mona Lisa was stolen in that theft. Two years later, it appeared in Italy, but the colonnade on both sides behind the Mona Lisa has been cut off. A few years later, the Mona Lisa was returned to the Louvre. However, many experts believe that this recovery is only a smoke screen. The real Mona Lisa has been bought by a rich collector, and what hangs in the Louvre is only a fake.

The Mystery of the Background of Mona Lisa

Carlo pedretti, a professor at the University of California, believes that the background behind Mona Lisa is the scenery near Brianaud Bridge in arezzo, central Italy. Pedretti's evidence is that Da Vinci was born in Da Vinci Town, about 100 km from arezzo, and once lived in arezzo. The original landscape in this area is almost the same as the background of Mona Lisa. So Leonardo da Vinci probably used the pastoral scenery in this area as the background of Mona Lisa. When pedretti's views were published at the International Symposium on Da Vinci's Painting, many experts in art history affirmed his research results.

Edit the mystery of Mona Lisa's death.

According to records, Lisa Di Gradini died of depression at the age of 46, but a Japanese cardiologist said that he found a macula on the Mona Lisa's left eye, which is a sign of high cholesterol. Japanese cardiologists say the Mona Lisa should have died of a myocardial infarction.

The life story of editing the Mona Lisa was revealed to the world.

For hundreds of years, the debate about the true identity of the woman in the painting has never stopped. Experts from Heidelberg University in Germany got the latest clues from the notes on the pages of historical documents in the library, and uncovered the mystery of Mona Lisa's life experience.

Experts from the University of Heidelberg claimed that by analyzing the scribbled notes in the margin of a 500-year-old page in the library, they could confirm that this woman with a mysterious smile was Lisa Gerbodini, the wife of Florentine cloth dealer Francisco de Giocondo. This document was discovered two and a half years ago by Dr. Armine Schlecht, head of the university handwriting department. The original owner of this document, agostino Wesp, was familiar with Leonardo da Vinci and was an official of the Florence government at that time. In his notes left in the margin of the document, he compared Leonardo da Vinci with Apelles, an ancient Greek artist, and said that Leonardo da Vinci was creating three works at the same time, one of which was a portrait of Lisa de Giocondo. The date of the document is 1503 10 month, which is consistent with the approximate time when experts judged that the work was completed 1503 to 1506.

Mona Lisa is a treasure of the Louvre, also known as Madame Giocondo. Her surname means happiness in Italian.

Mystery of Mona Lisa prototype

For more than 500 years, historians have been arguing about the prototype of Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting Mona Lisa. Especially the mysterious smile on the face of the person in the painting is the mystery of people's speculation. Recently, Usep Palanti, an ordinary teacher in Florence, Italy, put forward a new view that the Mona Lisa is a "housewife" with five children.

According to the Daily Telegraph 1, Palanti studied the archives of Florence for 25 years, and then came to the conclusion that the prototype of Mona Lisa was lisa gherardini, the wife of a friend of Leonardo da Vinci's father and a housewife with five children.

According to Palanti's research, Lisa married Francesco Giocondo, a Florentine silk merchant, when she was 1495 and 16 years old, and Giocondo was a good friend and neighbor of Leonardo's father Piero. Lisa is Giocondo's second wife. The couple have a good relationship and have five children. Giocondo said in his will that Lisa was his "beloved" and "loyal" wife.

Palanti believes that The Portrait of Mona Lisa was completed when Lisa was 24 years old. Leonardo da vinci's father arranged everything and paid his son to paint this picture for his friend's wife. At that time, Leonardo da Vinci was troubled by a financial dispute. His father probably wanted to help his son in this way.

In the legend about the prototype of Mona Lisa, some people say that the person in the painting was a famous prostitute in Florence at that time, while others say that the person in the painting is a self-portrait of a woman by Leonardo da Vinci himself. Last year, an American professor named Xie Wen Newland claimed that he had discovered the real secret behind Mona Lisa's smile. Mona Lisa always has a smile on her face, because the owner in the painting happened to be pregnant when she was a model of Leonardo da Vinci. This is a mother's mysterious smile when a new life is about to be born.

At present, Palanti is compiling her research results into a book during the summer vacation and plans to publish it in August.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa was originally painted in the Louvre in Paris. But for hundreds of years, collectors have claimed that they have collected more than 60 Mona Lisa paintings.

The Mystery of the Missing Mona Lisa

Due to the interruption of the exhibition due to the relocation of the exhibition hall, it will "disappear" in the Louvre exhibition hall for the first time in 30 years.

Mona Lisa has been smiling silently at the audience in the Louvre. On April 4th this year, she finally had a day off.

On April 4th, visitors will not see Mona Lisa's charming smile in the Louvre. According to the statement of the Louvre, the Mona Lisa will move to the exhibition hall on the same day and take a "vacation", which will be the first time that this famous painting has been suspended in the Louvre in 30 years.

The Louvre said in a statement that four years later, the Mona Lisa will be moved to the renovated old exhibition hall on April 4. In 2000, due to the age of the old exhibition hall, there were problems in preservation conditions and safety measures, and the Louvre moved the Mona Lisa to the current temporary exhibition hall.

According to the museum's explanation, it will be inevitable to interrupt the exhibition for one day, because engineers need to install lighting facilities and special reflective glass for the moved Mona Lisa on that day, and set up a more reasonable visit path. In order to avoid the disappointment of a large number of tourists, the Louvre informed nearly 6,000 travel agencies around the world, and explained it in 10 on its home page.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is the most famous work of art in the Louvre. According to statistics, 90% visitors to the Louvre will not miss this "smile". The museum's souvenir shop sells more than 330,000 Mona Lisa souvenirs every year, including postcards, magnets and puzzles.

Since the establishment of 1789 Louvre and the arrival of Mona Lisa, the museum has avoided interrupting the exhibition of this painting except for a few accidents. According to a staff member of the museum, "Rembrandt, Titian and greco can all be shelved for several weeks, but the Mona Lisa can't". Even the guardian of this famous painting himself can only get close to this painting and carry out research work when the Louvre is closed. The x-ray detection study of this painting was carried out in the middle of the night.

The last time the Mona Lisa disappeared from the view of the Louvre visitors was in 1974. At that time, she traveled across the ocean to visit Japan. According to experts' estimation, this kind of exhibition tour is unlikely to happen again in the future. The upgraded exhibition hall has enough capacity to cope with the tourist flow of 1500 people per hour, so April 4 this year is probably the only holiday of the Mona Lisa for many years.

The endless Mona Lisa

Mona Lisa, this is an endless question. It has been nearly 500 years since it came out, and later generations have many comments and speculations, leaving more and more puzzles. At present, there are hundreds of monographs on Mona Lisa in the world, and nearly 100 scholars regard this painting as a lifelong topic. The passage of time will not solve the puzzle, but will only leave more doubts for future generations with the deepening of research.

People love her excessively. Endlessly discuss her subtle, fleeting but unchanging smile, omniscient and all-encompassing eyes, dignified and calm posture, noble and simple costume and impeccable perfect composition. People marvel: Leonardo, only with the wisdom of Leonardo and God, can we collect so many beautiful elements and combine many beautiful things into a perfect whole. Therefore, beauty, wisdom, eternity, trinity, ultimate collocation, there is no possibility of transcendence. In this way, "Mona Lisa" brings people infinite beautiful reverie, but also gives people infinite heavy pressure. People are willing to live in her shade and absorb nourishing nutrition; I long to get out of her shadow and breathe the free air. For many years, countless people who are obsessed with painting things have been troubled by this contradiction.

The Mona Lisa we are seeing now is tan with a slight turquoise tone. The color is plain and quiet, simple and dignified. We thought painting had always been like this, but it wasn't. According to the description of Leonardo da Vinci's contemporaries, the paintings at that time were bright in color and bright in tone. When did it become like this? At that time, the French king got the Mona Lisa, and in order to better protect it, he painted too much varnish on the surface; Hundreds of years later, the varnish turned dark brown, just like the color we see at present; The surface of this painting has cracked, forming a fine texture like a spider's web. Unfortunately, the preservation conditions are not good; However, we would rather recognize the Mona Lisa today. The simple and vigorous tone complements the quiet and introverted spiritual temperament of the characters; Dark clothes and foggy background set off the characters' faces and hands loud and moving; The even cracks add mystery to the character, which makes us more respectful and yearning for her. Some people want to remove surface grease and restore the original bright color through modern scientific and technological means; I'm just worried that the technology is not enough and I'm afraid of damaging the picture. In fact, if it is really repaired, we will find it strange and unacceptable.

Copying famous paintings is the expression of love, and Mona Lisa is copied the most in the world. Not to mention modern people's copying, there were several versions of Mona Lisa only in the era of Leonardo da Vinci, most of which were presented by Leonardo da Vinci's students or assistants. Some are clumsy and unsightly in front of the original, but there are also many excellent works. There is also a Mona Lisa in New Jersey, USA, which is very similar to the original work of the Louvre, but the composition is slightly larger, revealing the left and right stone pillars (the original composition is like this). The Mona Lisa in the painting is beautiful, pure and more human. A scholar who specializes in Mona Lisa, Leite, thinks that this painting is also made by Leonardo da Vinci, and it is the original, which shows the youthful charm of the characters; A piece in the Louvre collection, made in 15 13. Leonardo da Vinci's skills became more and more perfect in his later years, but after many years, Mona Lisa was no longer young, but a little more mature and deep. This statement is quite intriguing, but after all, it is only speculation and it is difficult to be confirmed. Most people hold negative opinions about this. Opponents believe that there are only a handful of paintings created by Leonardo da Vinci in his life, and his own works have never been repeated. However, this statement is also unconvincing. Leonardo da Vinci himself once painted two identical rock statues of the Virgin Mary. In that case, it is not absolutely impossible for him to leave two Mona Lisa. It is said that Leonardo da Vinci spent four years or more before and after painting the Mona Lisa, so it is possible that he painted one or more variant paintings during this period. There will be a special person to inspect the authenticity, and it doesn't mean anything to us to put the Mona Lisa in New Jersey and the original work of the Louvre together. The two paintings look almost the same, but careful analysis will reveal that their styles are completely different. The Mona Lisa in New Jersey looks more lively, beautiful and fresh in silence and gentleness. The characters are calm and natural, and there is no formality and rigidity that is deliberately copied; The background color contrast is big, not as subtle and calm as the original, but it is in harmony with the atmosphere of the painting. There is no doubt that this is a masterpiece, but it is thin compared with the original. When we face the original Mona Lisa, we will not feel amazing; That's not a beauty, and she doesn't look so young. Mona Lisa's hand is also called the most beautiful hand in the world.

However, we will look at the picture for a long time and can't bear to divert our attention. First of all, we will be impressed by the wonderful light and shadow effects. The layering of blooming shows rich space and realistic texture, and the borderless morphological transition and color change are centuries ahead of our contemporaries. The real magic is not skill, but the mysterious smile that appears and disappears in that moment is fascinating. That smile is too shallow, no matter how close you are, you can't see it clearly; However, as long as you see the painting, no matter how far away, you can feel the smile. Smiling is not only reflected in the upturned corners of the mouth, but also in every part of the face and even every corner of the picture, so that viewers can enjoy the Mona Lisa while smiling. The feeling of facing the original is irreplaceable elsewhere, and the Mona Lisa in the Louvre is destined to be preserved forever.

Chaplin

When it comes to movie comedies, people naturally think of Chaplin. He used his endless gimmicks, funny performances and his original image of Charlot, a tramp wearing a broken hat, big shoes and a thin cane, which brought endless laughter to the audience from generation to generation. However, behind this kind of laughter lies the loneliness and desolation of life. His comedies pay attention to the fate of "little people" and incorporate humanitarian spirit and social critical factors into them, creating an insurmountable peak of world comedies. American film historian Louis ZoCobbs said, "To talk about Charlie Chaplin is to talk about movies. In the history of American movies, no one has become such a cherished figure in the world like Charlie Chaplin. "

Chaplin (1889- 1977) was born in a poor actor's family in London, and his parents were dancers in an amusement park. His childhood was turbulent. /kloc-when he was 0/0 years old, he joined a crosstalk troupe as an actor and began to make a living independently. /kloc-joined the famous Carnaud pantomime troupe in 0/907. 19 13 He went to the United States to perform with the delegation, during which he signed a contract with Keystone Company and began to shoot under the producer and director-Senate.

19 14 years, his first comedy "making a living" came out. Soon, the image of Charlot, the tramp mentioned above, made its debut in his second film "Between Showers", which became an important symbol of Chaplin's comedy films in the future. During this period, he shot a lot of short films and became a world-famous comedian with superb mime skills and perfect screen image.

1923, he founded his own Charlie Chaplin Film Company, becoming the first real independent filmmakers in Hollywood. He is a producer, screenwriter, director, actor and composer. He created the most outstanding works in his life: A Woman in Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), Circus (1928) and City Lights (193/).

1952 he was persecuted by McCarthyism and forced to leave the United States. 1957 directed and starred in a king in new york, and the last film was The Countess from Hongkong (1967).

1972, he returned to Hollywood and accepted the artistic achievement award at the Oscar ceremony in recognition of his "inestimable contribution to the film art of this century". Chaplin paid attention to the fate of "little people", and incorporated the humanitarian spirit and social critical factors into his comedies, creating an insurmountable peak of world comedy movies.

Personal feelings: often praised by the image of Chaplin's black and white movies. Although they are all silent films, the images he created are often praised. Chaplin has always rejected the sound film, which he thinks destroys the film art. Of course, due to his historical era, some viewpoints are inevitably limited, but we can't deny that Chaplin is the greatest critical realism film artist in the 20th century and the most famous comedy movie star in the world. As a great comic film artist, his greatest contribution is to elevate the vulgar "farce" of laughter to the height of criticizing realistic art. He sharply criticized the evils of capitalist society with his unique comic art expression style and spicy irony. At the same time, he showed resistance to unfortunate fate and tenacious pursuit of a happy life and a beautiful ideal. We appreciate Chaplin's films. When we laugh, we laugh from the heart. When we cry, we shed sincere tears. Chaplin's great contribution to film art has written a glorious page in the history of Hollywood film and even the history of world film.

Main works:

Gold Rush, Dog Life, Payday, King new york, Prison Break, Children, Private Diary. ...