Photography knowledge of novice photographers

What photography knowledge do beginners need to know? Let me introduce you! Let me introduce the knowledge of novice photographers to you, hoping to help you!

focal distance

What is the focal length of the lens? Simply put, it is how far or how wide a lens can be shot. The smaller the number, the shorter the focal length and the wider the viewing angle. Conversely, the larger the number, the longer the focal length and the narrower the viewing angle. For example, the viewing angle of a 300mm telephoto lens is only 8, while the viewing angle of an 8mm super wide-angle lens is180.

Choose different focal lengths when shooting different subjects. Generally speaking, wide-angle lenses below 24mm are mostly used to shoot landscapes, while 50mm and 85mm are more suitable for shooting portraits.

hole

Aperture is a device used to control the amount of light entering the photosensitive surface of the fuselage through the lens. Aperture is generally represented by f, such as f/ 1.4, f/8, etc. The smaller the f value, the larger the aperture, and the more light entering, the brighter the photo will be. The larger the F value, the smaller the aperture, the less the amount of light entering, and the darker the photo will be; On the other hand, the size of the aperture will also affect the depth of field. The large aperture has a shallower depth of field, and the portrait background is more blurred and dreamy. With a small aperture, the background will be clearer, and shooting scenery can ensure a clear big picture.

depth of field

Depth of field refers to the distance range of the measured object before and after when the front edge of the camera lens can obtain clear imaging. Generally speaking, after the camera is in focus, the nearest and farthest have two clear critical planes, and the distance between the two planes is the depth of field.

So what is the use of depth of field? Its meaning depends on the author's intention of expression. Shallow depth of field helps to blur unnecessary elements, make the picture more concise and layered, and make it easier to highlight the theme; Deep depth of field can cover more picture details (often used in landscapes and documentaries). Shooting a portrait in front of a messy background, opening the aperture, reducing the depth of field and blurring the background can make the characters more vivid.

In addition to opening the aperture, if you want to create a shallow depth of field, you can also shorten the distance between the camera and the subject and increase the distance between the subject and the background to achieve a more obvious blur effect. Of course, the use of telephoto lens can also compress the subject and background to achieve the effect of blurring.

Shutter speed

As the name implies, the shutter speed refers to the length of time that the sensor is exposed. The smaller the number, the slower the shutter speed. For example, 1/3 seconds means that the exposure time is one third of a second, and the exposure time is longer. The larger the number, the higher the shutter speed and the shorter the exposure time of the sensor. The higher the shutter speed, the faster the action can be fixed and the solidified effect can be captured. The lower the shutter speed, the blurred motion will be captured. If the shutter is exposed for a long time, the moving object will become hazy.

Under normal circumstances, when we shoot a still picture, we can shoot a clear picture as long as we keep a safe shutter value. (Safety shutter: 1/ lens focal length. If you use a 50mm lens and the shutter value reaches 1/50, you can take photos without hand shake and blur. )

concentrate

Focusing is also called aiming light, focusing. The process of changing the distance and the position of the distance through the camera focusing mechanism to make the image of the object clear is focusing. I believe everyone knows about focusing, but how to focus correctly without losing focus is a worrying problem. So how to avoid out of focus? In addition to troubleshooting the equipment itself, remember the following points:

1) Keep shooting with a safety shutter (as for what a safety shutter is, it has been mentioned above).

2) Keep the camera stable (use a tripod or tilt an object to avoid camera shake)

3) Focus on the eyes (usually focus on the eyes when taking a single photo, especially a half-length close-up)

4) Manual focusing is used in low light environment (autofocus is used when the ambient light is too dark, and it is often impossible to focus or even inexplicably out of focus).

5) Try not to use the maximum aperture (this is related to the lens quality. If the aperture of an ordinary lens is fully open, the imaging is often not sharp enough or even out of focus.

composition

Composition is an important factor to express the content of a work, and it is a process of determining and organizing elements to produce harmonious photos. As a beginner, you don't have to keep dozens of compositions in mind. As long as you remember that the following are the most commonly used and simplest, you can make good works together. 1) trigonometry:

When composing a composition, divide the picture into three equal parts with two vertical lines and horizontal lines, just like writing a "well". Putting the subject at four intersections is the most stable shooting position.

2) Diagonal composition: extending from one corner of the picture to another, this composition can add dynamic tension to the picture and make the photo look more vivid.

3) Central composition: Put the subject in the center of the picture, and the picture looks balanced, stable and echoing.

4) Frame-style composition: Choosing a frame-style foreground can draw the audience's attention to the scenery in the frame, highlight the subject and create a sense of depth.

exhaust

It is said that photography is the art of light, and using light is not only a basic skill, but also an important content that reflects the photographer's level. No matter how you fiddle with the camera and how you compose a picture, in the end, you will find that light plays the most decisive role, because photography is originally painted with light. Light sources are mainly divided into natural light and artificial light, while light quality is divided into hard light and soft light. There are four kinds of light levels: 1) sunlight: sunlight is the most commonly used lighting method in photography, and it is the light from the front of the subject. Its characteristic is that it can well show the shape and color of the subject.

2) Side light: Any light coming from the left and right sides of the subject at an angle of 45 -90 degrees can be called side light. Side lights are ever changing. Just changing the angle of the light source slightly when shooting can create a completely different effect and add drama to the whole photo.

3) Backlight: The light coming from the back of the subject comes from the front of the subject. The side light of the subject is bright and the flickering light is beautiful. This is the most dramatic way to use light, which can create an image with a sense of drama or artistic conception.

4) Top light: the light that shines downward from the top of the subject. Outdoor, the most common time to encounter the top light is about 1 1 to around 3 pm. In the top light shooting, the middle part of the nose and neck of the character are prone to shadow, which is not very beautiful.

prime time

Many people will ask, when is the best time to take pictures in a day?

Generally speaking, avoid the time at noon 12 -3, and the rest of the time is more suitable for outdoor shooting. Of course, the best shooting time is the "prime time" of the day. The so-called prime time refers to about 1 hour after sunrise and before sunset. In prime time, the angle of sunlight drops, and it will not project vertically from directly above the figure, and the sunshine in the evening is softer than that at noon, so as to avoid forming a strong shadow on the face of the figure.

Unless you are shooting a stylized work with strong contrast between light and shade and silhouette. In addition, you should try to choose prime time to create and shoot, the light quality is softer, and the warmth of the sunset is more contrasted with the skin color of the characters.

Eliminate shadows

Shadow can highlight the three-dimensional sense, but if the light and shadow on the face of the character is too strong, resulting in the appearance of "yin and yang face", the shadow at this time should be avoided.

Use flash and reflector correctly to fill the dark part of human backlight.

In order to avoid direct flash, soft mask can be used to adjust the flash, which is a relatively advanced operation.

Improve aesthetics

If you want to shoot a good work, besides mastering the camera, learning the basic skills of lighting and composition, it is more important to improve your own aesthetics. After all, ideas cannot be copied. Only when we see more excellent works, get more inspiration and creativity from them, and turn them into our own things over time, can we really shoot our own good works.