television camera

A: Maybe Sony's advertisement is too big. At one time, many people called all cameras V8 for short. The professional big camera in TV station is called big V8, the household camera is called V8, and the hand-held camera is called small V8. Actually, technically, it can't be called V8. The so-called V8 is because the Video8 he uses has a bandwidth of 8mm and records images and sounds. The full name of V8 is V8 for short. The horizontal resolution is 270.

2. What is 2.Hi8?

A: Hi8 and V8 are both videos with 8mm bandwidth, but the horizontal resolution is 400.

3. What is 3.D8?

A: D8 is a new generation model of Sony. Like Hi8 V8, it uses 8mm bandwidth for video recording. However, with digital signal, the recording time is shortened to half of the original tape length, which is called Digital 8 for short. The horizontal resolution is 500.

4. What is VHS/VHS-C?

A: The so-called VHS is commonly known as "big tape", which uses a video tape with a bandwidth of 12mm. VHS-C is the restoration tape of VHS, the film length is only 30 minutes and 40 minutes, but the EP slow video can reach 90 minutes and 120 minutes. VHS-C can be converted into VHS standard tapes by using the conversion box, which can be played in general VHS video recorders. Because it is a video with a bandwidth of 12mm, some people call it V 12.

5. What is S-VHS/S-VHS-C?

A: S-VHS/S-VHS-C and VHS/VHS-C are video tapes with a bandwidth of 12mm, but the horizontal resolution is 400.

6. What is 6.DV?

A: DV is the specification of a new generation of digital video tape, with smaller size and longer time. Audio and video are recorded with digital signals by using a video tape with a bandwidth of 6.35 mm. The recording time is 60 minutes, and LP mode can extend the shooting time to 1.5 times the tape length. The full name is digital video, or DV for short. At present, there are two kinds of DV video tapes on the market, one is the standard DV tape, and the other is the reduced version of miniDV tape. Video tapes used by general home cameras belong to this miniature version of miniDV tape.

In addition, there are videos with the same bandwidth of 6.35mm, as well as professional-grade DVCAM and DVCPRO, which are special video specifications for Sony and Panasonic professional digital cameras respectively.

7. What is a camera CCD pixel?

A: The so-called CCD is simply the window of the camera soul. The CCD itself looks like an IC chip, and there are many photosensitive micro-components above the chip. The number of photosensitive elements directly affects the quality of the camera, and the above photosensitive elements are called "pixels". Generally speaking, V8 VHS-C is about 270,000 pixels, Hi8 S-VHS-C is about 465,438+0 million pixels, and DV models are about 465,438+0 ~ 680,000 pixels.

8. What are optical zoom and digital zoom?

A: I remember that in the early days, the maximum zoom magnification of the camera was only 6 times. At present, the zoom magnification is amazing, and there are two or three hundred machines everywhere, but the hidden mystery lies in "optics" and "numbers". The so-called optical magnification is the true magnification of the camera, because its magnification is achieved by moving the optical lens, so optical zoom is the most beautiful image quality. At present, the maximum optical magnification of the camera is about 20 times, but the general model is between 10- 18 times. Digital zoom is the result of enlarging the shot film locally. Imagine if a 3x5 photo is magnified 50 times, the local picture quality will definitely become rough, and the bigger it is, the rougher it will be. Similarly, the greater the digital zoom factor of the camera, the worse the image quality. Many people usually take the multiple size of the camera as one of the important considerations when buying a camera. In fact, multiples are not the most important. A camera with a focal power of 10 is similar to a 400mm camera telescope, so it is unrealistic to blindly pursue multiples. For the author, digital multiple is just a gimmick of the manufacturer.

9. What is a steady shot?

A: "Shockproof"! ! It's not that the machine is not afraid of falling, but it can increase the stability of the film when shooting by hand. At present, earthquake prevention is divided into two systems, one is optical earthquake prevention and the other is digital earthquake prevention. Based on the principle of lens floating, optical shockproof produces a stable effect, and the image quality is quite good, which is similar to that when it was not used before, but the shockproof effect is not obvious. In addition, digital shockproof is to enlarge the film, taking the image in the middle part as the main image, and other peripheral images as the motion space when shockproof occurs. Because the image is enlarged, the image quality is poor, but the shockproof effect is better.

What is 10.3CCD?

A: The general camera has only one CCD, while the 3CD has three CCD chips, and the three primary colors (red, green and blue) of R, G and B are processed by three chips respectively, so its color saturation and resolution will be much higher than that of the general single CCD camera. If you have paid attention to business cameras, you will find that they are all 3cd models.

1 1. There are so many kinds of cameras on the market, which one suits me best?

A: When choosing a camera, it is really a brain-dead problem. Many consumers are often led by the store when shopping, and you can buy which one the store recommends. This is too indecisive, easy to buy, not what you want. I think the opinions of the store can be referenced, but their own needs are the most important, because the users are themselves after all. There are basically several directions for choosing a camera. After mastering the direction, it is not difficult to choose one that suits you.

1. Know your budget: Usually, you seldom buy a camera, but you usually buy more spare batteries, backpacks, videos, etc. So you can't just have a camera budget, you also need a budget to buy accessories. Usually, in addition to the camera, you need a budget of 3000 ~ 10000 to buy accessories, and the price will vary with different models and individuals.

2. Know the functions and grades you need: buying a camera is not a blind pursuit of "new" and "super-functions", but application is the real purpose. China people have a mentality of "seeking novelty in everything", and it is a very bad habit to buy the best when buying. Unfortunately, many people only know how to buy things, and then they really don't need them. I like to buy the best mobile phone, but it's really a pity that it's only used for answering and making calls. So is the camera. Knowing the functions you need and the level you can accept is the best choice.

3. Brand preference: On the surface, this kind of problem doesn't seem too big, but it is really related to the user's mood. If you buy a brand of camera, you will never be able to use it smoothly, and the problem will never be picked out. So buying a camera you like is also the first choice.

12. Three purposes of buying DV

How to choose the right model is the first question that many friends will ask. In fact, this problem can be started from the motivation and purpose of purchase, which can be roughly divided into three categories: home users, travel users and power users.

First, home users:

A larger LCD screen should be needed by this kind of users, because it can make it easier for novices to get started. As far as LCD screens are concerned, the dimensions of DV digital cameras of various brands are around 2.5 to 4.5. Theoretically, the bigger the LCD screen, the better it is, but the relative price will be higher.

Second, travel users:

When traveling abroad or abroad, the most feared thing is to bring a lot of equipment. Therefore, if it is mainly used for travel, small size, light weight and low power consumption are the key points when purchasing. If you want to reduce power consumption, it will be more energy-saving to give up shooting with LCD screen and switch to viewfinder, especially when shooting outdoors, LCD screen is easily affected by strong light and cannot be watched, so it will be a better choice to switch to viewfinder.

Third, the super user:

Of course, players have the most ideal DV digital camera in mind, and the author only puts forward several key points when players choose DV. The first condition is the manual adjustment function, because many special pictures need manual adjustment to achieve different effects, which is often impossible for ordinary automatic adjustment of DV. Moreover, the quality is heavy. For DV currently on the market, 3cd DV digital camera is the most suitable. Usually, domestic DV digital cameras use CCD. But from the digital point of view, a ray of light comes in, which is divided into three primary colors of RGB by digital, and then the colors are stored in different proportions. Although one CCD is enough to store images, if three CCDs are used to process RGB primary colors at the same time, the obtained images will be more vivid. CCD has size and pixels, including 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, and the number of pixels ranges from 270,000 to 670,000. The smaller the volume, the higher the pixel demand, because the small focusing point of CCD is also small. Pixels per inch is not enough, the resolution is poor. For example, 1/4 CCD has 570,000 pixels, and the effective pixels are only 320,000. The pixel of 1/3 CCD is 4 10000, and the effective pixel is 330000.

DV common terms:

Auto focus: auto focus

At present, all home cameras have this function, and the focusing action is completed by infrared ranging. A group of infrared emitters installed at the lower part of the lens, when the lens is aimed at the target, infrared rays also sense the distance from the target and drive the focusing mechanism to focus.

* * * Notes * *

# Focus on the subject in the center of the picture.

# Avoid the influence of moving objects in front of the subject on infrared ranging.

# If unavoidable, please focus manually instead.

# Please stick to the glass when shooting in front of the glass window. If the situation does not allow, please switch to manual focusing.

Automatic exposure automatic exposure effect

Built-in automatic aperture control program, the camera itself automatically adjusts the aperture size required for shooting under different light conditions, and the photographer only needs to aim at the target to shoot.

# Generally, it can be switched between automatic and manual mode, and it can be switched to manual adjustment in automatic mode under front light and backlight.

AGC: Automatic Gain Control Automatic Brightness Gain

In full-automatic shooting, when insufficient light is sensed in the fuselage, the device is started to improve the brightness of the picture electronically.

# Built-in types do not need to be switched.

AWB (automatic white balance) automatic white balance

The white balance of the camera is mainly the basis for CCD color correction under different light sources, and is generally set in the automatic position. Some modes can also be adjusted manually, such as sunshine, sunset, cloudy day and light bulb.

# It is recommended that it is usually best to set it to full automatic mode. If you feel yellow when shooting indoors, you can switch to the light bulb position.

Charge-coupled device photocharged semiconductor

It is the soul of the camera. After the lens is in focus, shoot at the Mitsubishi mirror. After RGB color separation, the three primary colors are converted into electrical signals by CCD, and then transmitted to the magnetic head through frequency conversion.

CCD has dimensions and pixels, including 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 inches, and the number of pixels ranges from 270,000 to 670,000.

# The smaller the volume, the higher the pixel demand, because the small focus of CCD is also small. Pixels per inch is not enough, the resolution is poor. For example, 1/4 inch CCD has 570,000 pixels and only 320,000 effective pixels. The pixel of 1/3 inch CCD is 4 10000, and the effective pixel is 330000.

Automatic programmed exposure

The built-in automatic shooting program can automatically adjust the shutter speed and aperture to match the best shooting mode in different situations as long as it cuts to the same scene when shooting, and the photographer only needs to aim at the target to shoot.

There are generally * sports mode * portrait mode * night scene mode * stage mode * and so on. And the design of each factory is different.

Photo function: (photo)

It is the digital still picture function that DV generally has at present.

Fragment photography:

Generally, this setting is used to shoot still objects or photos, with a clip of about five seconds at a time, that is, the video will automatically pause for five seconds after pressing the video button.

Self-timer function:

Just like a normal camera, it takes fifteen seconds to shoot.

Date and time display:

If you want to add a date or time when shooting, just press this function.

Focus adjustment:

To focus manually, press this function to cancel autofocus.

Hand vibration compensation:

In order to reduce the image jitter caused by hand-held camera, electronic compensation is usually carried out, so some image quality will be sacrificed. If shooting with a tripod, please be sure to cancel this function.

Brightness compensation:

When the automatic aperture adjustment is not ideal, you can use this function to manually adjust the brightness.

White balance:

It is also expressed by color temperature. Please refer to the AWB project above.

Digital zoom: (digital zoom)

Most cameras have this function at present. Generally, there are two settings, such as 20 times or 100 times. Only one can be used when using.

Video broadcast special effects:

Some DVs have special effects of built-in images, such as oil painting, negative film, mosaic and grid display. Cato is more vivid and interesting. Remember not to abuse them to avoid gilding the lily.

Image conversion effect:

Special effects of picture transformation between clips, such as window opening, up and down replacement, and blending. ...

First, hold the camera steady.

It is best to hold the camera with both hands, which is definitely more stable than one hand, or use something that can be supported by you or prepare a camera tripod. In any case, it is to minimize the shaking of the picture, and it is the most taboo to shoot while walking, which is also the most common mistake. This shooting method is only used in special circumstances, not walking and shooting after getting up. Never forget that the stability of the picture is the first requirement of dynamic photography.

Second, fix the lens.

Simply put, after the lens is aimed at the target, shoot at a fixed point, instead of zooming in and out or sweeping up, down, left and right, set the screen size and start recording. Usually, when shooting, the fixed lens is the main one, so don't do too much zoom action, so as not to affect the stability of the picture. The change of the picture refers to changing the size and depth of field of the scene by using different framing sizes or different angles and positions. To put it simply, the camera stands a little behind when shooting a panorama, and stands a little in front when you want to shoot a part. The position changes, such as side, height and low position, show different effects. But remember not to stand at a fixed point and zoom in and out with a zoom lens, which is also a common problem for many V8 people. Using more fixed lenses when shooting can increase the stability of the picture. When shooting one picture at a time, connect pictures of different sizes and make the pictures bigger and smaller with less zoom. Unless you fix them with a tripod, long-distance zooming will definitely lead to picture jitter. If you can master the above principles, you can ensure that your works are more ornamental, instead of eating "Puna Pain" after watching the film. According to the above, isn't the zoom lens useless when shooting? Not exactly. It's just the skill and timing. Please refer to how to use the zoom lens.

Third, the use of manual function

Due to the different designs of various machines, the items and methods that can be manually operated are also different. Only the common skills of brightness and focal length are explained here.

Manual brightness level function

First of all, explain the manual brightness level function. When shooting backlight and night scene, if shooting in full automatic mode, the former must be that the subject or character is all black and the background is bright, while the latter is that the lights are blurred in the dark. The principle is not discussed here. To solve the above problems, the best way is to press the backlight correction function key when shooting backlight. If you don't have this function, switch the automatic mode to manual mode, find the brightness level key, and adjust the brightness of the picture. Brighten the brightness when backlighting and dim it at night. Usually, data will be displayed on the viewer or LCD screen in graphics or modes. Of course, the best way is to look at the picture directly on the viewer or LCD screen and adjust it to the appropriate brightness. So when you buy a video camera, be sure to let the store guide you how to use this function.

Manual focusing function

Usually, autofocus is used for general shooting, but under special circumstances, such as barbed wire, glass, people moving from the target ... often the focus of the picture will be blurred, because in the case of autofocus, the camera will judge the distance according to the signal reflected by the front object and then adjust the focal length, so this will happen. So as long as the autofocus is switched to manual, the focus will be locked in a fixed position (please refer to the manual for different display modes and adjustments of brands), so that the focus will not run around.

Four, how to use the zoom lens:

Video recorders and cameras also have zoom lenses, but the biggest difference is that the camera can zoom while shooting, and of course it can also be used as a framing tool for the size of a picture like a still camera. For example, if you want to shoot a distant target, you can zoom in with a zoom lens and take a closer look. When you zoom in to the required image size, just press the video button to take the required image. Just like the way of fixed lens shooting. So when is the right time to use zoom when shooting? When you want to express the position of an object or a person, for example, pull a candle closer for about 3 seconds, and then slowly shrink it, and the picture gradually appears as a cake filled with candles. This action makes the picture more vivid and interesting. You don't need to describe and explain. You can see what the photographer wants to say and what it means from the change of the picture. This is called "lens language". On the contrary, it is intended to illustrate a specific goal or person through enlargement. For example, the picture begins with a group of children performing a panoramic dance. After a few seconds, the picture is gradually enlarged to a bust of one of the children, and then the camera follows him. This kind of shooting is like telling you that this child is my son, which is intended to guide the viewer what you are shooting. These two commonly used strokes have their own meanings, which are used properly and have the effect of making the finishing point. On the other hand, I don't know what to say, aimlessly like a headless fly, the camera is flying everywhere. Abuse of zoom lens and repeated shooting as the picture is near and far is a common taboo for many V8 families. Remember to zoom in or out, pause each time you do it, and then start shooting from a different angle or picture. From now on, try to change the shooting mode, enjoy the fun of shooting and appreciate the results of shooting.

Five, the camera dynamic shooting skills

I believe you will often encounter pictures that can't take a panoramic view of the scene. At this time, everyone must scan the camera from right to left or from left to right, which is one of the advantages of the camera. But when many people do this action, the picture often swings from side to side or when it is fast or slow, and it looks very unsmooth. These problems mainly occur in the wrong way of body rotation, or the rotation angle is too large, which leads to hesitation and cannot be achieved overnight.

The more correct way is to take the waist as the dividing point, the lower body does not move, and the upper body moves. Just like when you want to cross the road, look around to see if there is a car coming. It is reasonable to turn your head left and right below your shoulders. For example, if you want to shoot a scene, you need to scan from point A to point B. First, face your body to point B, keep your lower body still, then turn your upper body to point A, where the camera is facing the direction of point A, then press the video button, record for 5 seconds, and then slowly scan back to point B. When you get there, continue recording for 5 seconds, and then turn it off.

Many people will ask, how fast is the scanning process? In fact, there is no certain standard, it depends on the richness of the scenery in the range you want to scan. For example, shooting a static scene can be faster, but the principle is to see the content clearly. If the framing content is dynamic and rich, the speed can be slightly slower, so as to see the content clearly. The above methods are provided for reference when shooting, and the most important thing is practice and experience.

Decide what to shoot before you start shooting, instead of driving the camera around looking for the target. )