What are cold and warm colors, complementary colors and turbid colors?

1, halftone \x0d\ The new color obtained by mixing any two original tones is called halftone. Red+yellow = orange, blue+yellow = green, red+blue = purple. The mixture ratio of orange, green and purple produced by equal addition is different, and the indirect color also changes accordingly. 2. Composite color \x0d\ A color formed by mixing any two hues is called "composite color". Orange+green = yellow-gray, orange+purple = red-gray, green+purple = blue-gray, and the standard composite color is obtained by equal addition; Different mixing ratios of two intermediate colors can produce many complex colors with different purities. \x0d\3。 The colors of the same color \x0d\ have different brightness changes, which is called the same color. For example, when emeralds are white or black, there will be many green shadows, and these green shadows are the same color. \x0d\4。 Same color \x0d\ Two or more colors have similar main pigment tendency, such as scarlet, scarlet, rose, etc., and mainly contain red pigment, which is called same color. Others, such as yellow lemon yellow, medium chrome yellow and khaki, and blue ordinary blue, cobalt blue, lake blue and ultramarine blue, all belong to the same color relationship. 5. Similar color \x0d\ Any color within 90 degrees on the color circle contains the same pigment, so it is called "similar color". \x0d\6。 Any color adjacent to it in the adjacent color \x0d\ color ring is called "adjacent color". Adjacent colors are similar in color relationship, but the reference range is narrowed a little. \x0d\ From the meaning of the same color, similar color and adjacent color, they all contain the same pigment. The application of TINT gives people a sense of unity and harmony. \x0d\7。 Contrast colors \x0d\ Colors with opposite ends at any diameter on the color ring (including their adjacent colors) are called contrast colors. \x0d\8。 Complementary colors \x0d\ Complementary colors are also called complementary colors and complementary colors. If two colors are mixed to form neutral gray-black, these two colors are complementary colors. Such as yellow and purple, blue and orange, red and green are complementary colors. A particular color always has only one complementary color. For example, green and red, yellow and purple, blue and orange are all complementary colors. The complementary color of green is red, and the complementary color of red is green. The difference between complementary color and contrast color, a specific color always has only one complementary color. The contrast color is the range color. \x0d\ 1。 Elements of color \x0d\ color has three basic elements: lightness, hue and purity. \x0d\ 1, lightness \x0d\ lightness refers to the brightness of a color. It can be called luminosity from the color of light source. The color of the object. Can be called brightness, depth, etc. In the achromatic color category, the highest lightness is white, and the lowest lightness is black. There are a series of grays between white and black, which can be generally divided into nine grades. The part close to white is called bright gray; The part near black is called dark gray. In the color category, the brightest is yellow, and the darkest is purple. This is because the amplitude of each tone in the visible spectrum is different, and the degree of perception of the eyes is also different. Yellow and purple become the central axis of dividing light and shade in the color ring. When any color permeates into white, the brightness will increase, and when it permeates into black, the brightness will decrease. When it penetrates into gray, it will get the corresponding brightness color according to the brightness of gray. \x0d\\x0d\2。 Hue \x0d\ Hue refers to the appearance of color. The appearance of colors is based on the spectral colors of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple. Different hues give people the feeling of different wavelengths. The order of basic tones is embodied in the form of tone rings, which are called tone rings. Color rings can be used as six color rings, nine color rings, twelve color rings and twenty color rings respectively. 3. Purity \x0d\ Purity refers to the freshness and turbidity of color. Purity is also called lightness, chroma, freshness or saturation. \x0d\ Where there is a solid color, there must be a corresponding sense of hue. The highest purity of each hue and the perception of color are different, and the brightness is also different. \x0d\ Adding white or black to a high-purity tone will increase vigilance or reduce the brightness of the tone, and teaching will also reduce its purity. If you add gray or other colors with appropriate brightness, your color purity can be reduced accordingly. American colorist Menschel's purity color code uses numbers to define the purity and lightness of tones, which can clearly distinguish the purity differences of different colors. \x0d\ 2. Psychoanalysis at all stages \x0d\ 1, red \x0d\ Red has high purity, high attention and great stimulation. People call it the color of "fire and blood", which can raise blood pressure and accelerate blood circulation, and has a great encouraging effect on people's psychology. \x0d\a, the psychological characteristics of pure color: enthusiasm, liveliness, attention-catching, liveliness, gorgeous, tiring, happy, auspicious, revolutionary, just, beaming, but also gives people a horrible psychology. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors) psychological characteristics: integrity, health, tenderness, pleasure, sweetness and beauty, but also gives people a naive and feminine psychology. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): It gives people a kind of withered, stubborn, withdrawn, haggard, troubled, uneasy and arbitrary psychology. \x0d\d, solid color plus gray (turbid color): it gives people the psychology of boredom, sadness, melancholy, gloom and loneliness. \x0d\x0d\ 2, orange \ x0d \ orange is not as exciting as red, but its popularity and attention are also very high, that is, it has both the enthusiasm of red and the lively personality of yellow light, which is the color that people generally like. \x0d\a, the psychological characteristics of pure color: flame, light, warmth, gorgeous, sweet, like, excited, impulsive, full of power and arousing people's appetite. At the same time, it also gives people a bad temper, jealousy, doubt and sadness. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors): It gives people a delicate, warm, soft, careful, light and kind mind. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): It gives people a calm, steady, tea-scented, antique, affectionate, old-fashioned, pessimistic and cautious psychology. \x0d\d, solid colors and gray (turbid colors) give people the feeling of beach, hometown and frustration. \x0d\x0d\ 3, yellow \ x0d \ Yellow is the brightest color, and it has the highest brightness among solid colors, giving people a bright, quick, lively and light feeling. High visibility and mild weather. \x0d\a, psychological characteristics of pure color: bright, cheerful, confident, hopeful, noble, precious, enterprising, respected, scheming, alert, careful and suspicious. \x0d\b, pure colors and white (Ming and Qing colors) give people thin, delicate, lovely and naive psychology, not noble and insincere. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): It gives people hopelessness, changeability, poverty, vulgarity and secrecy. \x0d\d, solid color plus gray (turbid color): gives people unhealthy, listless, low *, dirty and outdated psychology. 4. Yellow-green \x0d\ is an intermediate color between yellow and green. Because yellow-green is not prominent in daily life, it is easy to be ignored by people. There are many researches on the color psychology of combining yellow with green. \x0d\a, psychological characteristics of pure color: budding, freshness, spring, Qing Xiang, innocence, vigor, implication, rebirth, vigor, prosperity, life, ignorance, immaturity, etc. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors): It gives people a tender, crisp, refreshing, fragrant and lively psychology. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): it gives people a psychological feeling of kimchi, sauerkraut, sadness and injustice. \x0d\d, solid color plus gray (turbid color): It gives people a psychological feeling of being stale, warm and wet, tacky, confused and discouraged. \x0d\ x0d \ 5, Green \ x0d \ Green's psychological concept: Green is the color of plants, with low brightness and little irritation, and its influence on physiology and psychology is extremely mild, so people have a wide range of hobbies on green, which gives people peace and rest and makes people's spirit not easy to fatigue. \x0d\a, the psychological characteristics of pure color: vegetation, nature, freshness, calmness, ease, peace of mind, comfort, tranquility, safety, reliability, trust, fairness, rationality, ideal, simplicity, mediocrity and inferiority. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors): It gives people a refreshing, light, quiet, comfortable and frivolous psychological feeling. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): It gives people a psychological feeling of stability, selfishness, silence and hard work. \x0d\ x0d \ 6。 Blue-green \ x0d \ Blue-green is basically the same as green, but cooler and wetter than green, and other people's psychological feelings are similar to green. \x0d\a, psychological characteristics of pure color: cool, forest, deep valley, clear spring, deep sea, cool, deep, heavy, peaceful, stable, intelligent, sour and jealous. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors): it gives people indifference, nobility and exquisiteness. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (Ming and Qing colors): It gives people a tenacious, cold, damp and solemn psychological feeling. \x0d\d, solid color plus gray (turbid color): It gives people a psychological effect of discouragement, recession and corruption. \x0d\\x0d\7 and blue \x0d\ blue are not well-known, but they are blue in nature, such as the sky and the ocean, occupying a considerable area. Blue gives people a cool, wise and profound feeling. \x0d\a, the psychological characteristics of pure color: sky, water, space, cold, distant, infinite, eternal, transparent, calm, rational, profound, cold, thoughtful, simple, melancholy and boring. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors): it gives people a light, smart, smart, elegant and gentle mind. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): gives people a mysterious, heavy, stormy, pessimistic and withdrawn mind. \x0d\d, solid color plus gray (turbid color): it gives people a vulgar, pitiful, clumsy, stressful, poor and depressed psychology. \x0d\\x0d\8 Blue-purple \x0d\ Blue-purple is a color with very low brightness, so the purity effect is not strong and the visibility is poor, and the brightness must be set off by the background. It gives people a feeling of shrinking back. \x0d\a, the psychological characteristics of pure color are profound, noble, precious, desolate, cruel, secret, magical, fearful, sneaky, insidious, hellish, lonely, severe, rude, fierce and illusory. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors): It gives people a psychological feeling of confusion, enchanting beauty, dreaminess, ruthlessness, parting and humility. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): cold night, stubborn, gloomy, evil, vicious and eternal. \x0d\d, solid color plus gray (turbid color): trouble, annoyance, misfortune, aging, depression and inferiority. \x0d\x0d\ 9, purple \ x0d \ purple is full of mystery, because it is associated with the night sky and shadows. Purple is easy to cause psychological depression and anxiety, but it also gives people a noble and solemn feeling, so women have a high love for purple. \x0d\a, psychological characteristics of pure color: morning glow, Ziyun, purple air, ballroom, coffee shop, graceful and restrained, elegant, noble, charming, gentle, expensive, proud, dreamy, illusory, charming and pious. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors): gives people a kind of feminine, elegant, subtle, delicate and shy psychological feeling. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): It gives people a psychological feeling of hypocrisy, longing and loss of self-confidence. \x0d\d, solid color plus gray (turbid color): It gives people a psychological feeling of decay, senility, memory, repentance, contradiction and decay. \x0d\x0d\ 10, purplish red \ x0d \ purplish red refers to purple-flavored red, and its visibility and attention are between red and purple, so the love rate for this color is very high. It is said that it has therapeutic effect on people with depression and low blood pressure \x0d\a, and the psychological characteristics of pure color: warmth, openness, boldness and enjoyment. \x0d\b, pure color plus white (Ming and Qing colors): It gives people a psychological feeling of Wen Ya, which is frivolous, delicate, gentle, beautiful, dreamy, fond and sweet. \x0d\c, solid color plus black (dark and clear color): gives people a wild, vicious, disastrous and selfish mentality. \x0d\d, solid color plus gray (turbid color): It gives people the psychology of discouragement, jealousy, depravity, stale and worry. \x0d\x0d\ 1 1, white \ x0d \ White is a kind of color with no purity, except that it feels cold because of its high brightness, and it is basically a neutral color with high brightness and attention. Because white is a full hue, mixing with other colors can meet the physiological requirements of vision and achieve good results. \x0d\ white psychological characteristics: whiteness, lightness, innocence, purity, truthfulness, simplicity, sacredness, sense of justice, brightness, blank paper, failure, etc. \x0d\x0d\ 12, black \ x0d \ black is a full hue, and it is also a color without purity. Compared with white, it gives people a warm feeling. Black is a very special color psychologically, which is not irritating, but it will increase the irritation when it is matched with other colors. Black is a negative color, so the hobby rate is low when used alone, but it can achieve good results when matched with other colors. \x0d\ Psychological characteristics of black: night, mourning, funeral, darkness, sin, hardness, silence, despair, sadness, seriousness, death, terror, integrity, selflessness, loyalty and rudeness. \x0d\ x0d \ 13 and gray \ x0d \ gray are neutral colors with no purity and completely passive colors. Because the most suitable general hospitals for visual color matching are neutral gray, gray is the most worthy color, and its popularity and attention are very low. So it is rarely used alone, but gray is very obedient and can achieve good results with other colors. \x0d\ Grey psychological characteristics: cloudy day, dust, shadow, smoke, dark clouds, dense fog, disheartened, ordinary, boring, ambiguous, negative, indecisive, modest, depressed, ambiguous, lifeless, casual, obedient, etc. 3. Psychological analysis of various colors \x0d\ light colors →→ colors that make people feel soft \x0d\ dark colors → colors that make people feel tough \x0d\ warm colors have a sense of progress, and cool colors have a sense of retreat \x0d\ bright colors → light feelings \x0d\ dark colors → red with heavy feelings → red with a crimson background →→→ calm. The heat goes out \x0d\ blue-green background with red →→→ there is a blazing flame \x0d\ yellow-green background with red →→→→→→ there are reckless intruders. It's fierce and abnormal \x0d\ orange with red background →→→→→ it's depressed. It is dull and lifeless. It seems anxious. Reminds us of golden autumn and rich fruits. \x0d\ a little black or white rendering →→ a steady and lively feeling → darker → a burnt feeling → x0d \ whiter → a sweet and greasy yellow taste → the highest brightness. That's great. It symbolizes the light of wisdom that illuminates the darkness. There is golden light, which symbolizes wealth and power and is the proudest color. \x0d\ Black or purple sets off →→→→→ reaches the strength of infinite expansion, and white swallows yellow. \x0d\ Pale pink and yellow match best. \ x0d \ x0d \ green → beautiful, elegant, tolerant and generous. \x0d\ yellow green →→→→→ simple. Young \x0d\ turquoise →→→→ beautiful. Open-minded \x0d\ grayish green →→→→→ quiet and peaceful. Like a forest in the twilight or a field in the morning fog. \ x0d \ x0d \ blue → the loudest and happiest color, and also the coldest color. There is a feeling of being far away. \ x0d \ x0d \ azure → Glacier reflection, calm, rational and pure. \ x0d \ x0d \ mud blue →→→→ makes people's emotions shrink into a cold and sad feeling. \ x0d \ x0d \ purple → mysterious, impressive and oppressive. Symbolizes piety, tends to purple, and can produce terror. \x0d\ \x0d\ blue purple → loneliness. Dedication \ x0d \ red purple → sacred love \ x0d \ \ x0d → deepened purple → symbol of ignorance and superstition. Hidden disasters often erupt from deep purple. \ x0d \ x0d \ purple permeates a little white → beautiful and moving. Color symbolizes \x0d\ symbols of various colors: \x0d\ red \x0d\ enthusiasm, liveliness, excitement, revolution, warmth, happiness, auspiciousness and danger. Because red is easy to attract attention, it is also widely used by various media. In addition to good visual effects, it is also used to convey vitality, enthusiasm, warmth and progress. When people see red signs on some occasions or articles, they often can understand the meaning of warning danger without reading the contents carefully. Among the industrial safety colors, red is the designated color for warning, danger, prohibition and fire prevention. \x0d\ scarlet \x0d\ pink \x0d\ brick red \x0d\ rose red \x0d\ orange \ x0d \ bright, gorgeous, exciting, sweet and happy orange has a high reputation. Among the industrial safety colors, orange is a warning color, such as motorcycles and mountaineering clothes. \x0d\ fresh orange \x0d\ orange \x0d\ vermilion orange \x0d\ fragrant stone \x0d\x0d\ yellow \x0d\ bright, pleasant, noble, promising, developing, paying attention to ... \ x0d \ yellow has high visibility and is safe in industry. \x0d\ rhubarb \x0d\ lemon yellow \x0d\ Liu Ding yellow \x0d\ beige \x0d\ green is fresh, calm, comfortable, peaceful, soft, youthful, safe and ideal ... \ x0d \ In commercial design, green conveys freshness. \x0d\ Great Green \x0d\ Emerald \x0d\ Olive Green \x0d\ Dark Green \x0d\ Blue \x0d\ Far-reaching, eternal, calm, rational, honest, cold ... \ x0d \ Because of the calm characteristics of blue, it is rational. \x0d\ big blue \x0d\ sky blue \x0d\ aquamarine \x0d\ deep blue \x0d\ purple \x0d\ elegance, nobility, charm, pride, recklessness ... \ x0d \ is used in commercial design colors because of its strong femininity. \x0d\ big purple \x0d\ expensive purple \x0d\ wine purple \x0d\ deep purple \x0d\ white \x0d\ purity, innocence, simplicity, sacredness, lightness, nothingness ... \x0d\ In commercial design, \ x0d \ \ x0d \ \x0d\ big ash \x0d\ rat ash \x0d\ blue ash \x0d\ dark ash \x0d\ black \x0d\ sublime, serious, vigorous, solid, rough, silent, dark, evil, terror, despair, death ... most of them are in black. In other aspects, the solemn image of black is also often used in the space design of some special occasions. Most daily necessities and clothing designs use black to create a noble image, which is also a popular main color and is suitable for matching with many colors. \x0d\ x0d \ brown \ x0d \ In commercial design, brown is usually used to express the texture of original materials, such as hemp, wood, bamboo chips and cork, or to convey the color and taste of some imported raw materials, such as coffee, tea and wheat, or to emphasize the image of enterprises or commodities with classical and elegant styles. \x0d\ tan \x0d\ cocoa \x0d\ malt \x0d\ log color III. Color contrast \x0d\ When two or more colors are put together, it is called color contrast. \x0d\ The key point of color contrast is to know the particularity of color contrast. The diversity of colors becomes a variety of contrast relationships of colors. \x0d\ 1, lightness contrast \x0d\ Due to the difference of lightness contrast, the visual function and emotional influence of these tones have their own characteristics. Generally, the high-definition tone will remind people of clear sky, early morning, sunrise, epiphyllum, streams, cosmetics for women and so on. This bright color gives people the feeling of lightness, softness, clarity, charm and purity. Improper application can make people feel tired, cold, weak and disgusting. \x0d\ The brisk tone gives people a simple, calm, simple, solemn, hardworking and ordinary feeling. If it is not used well, it will also cause a dull, poor and boring feeling. \x0d\ The tone of low lightness gives people a heavy, vigorous, strong, more resolute and mysterious feeling. Can also constitute dark, sinister, sad and other colors. \x0d\ When the brightness contrast is strong, such as "high long tone, low long tone and medium long tone", it gives people a strong sense of light, strong sense of body, and high clarity, sharpness and understanding. \x0d\ When the brightness pair is weak, such as "high short tone, medium short tone and low short tone", people feel that the light is weak, the sense of body is weak, it is unclear and fuzzy, and the sense of plane is strong, making it difficult to see the image clearly. \x0d\ When the lightness contrast is too strong, the longest tune feels stiff, empty and simplistic. \x0d\ Color contrast caused by lightness difference is called lightness contrast. Tones are mainly composed of lightness contrast \x0d\ According to the division of lightness scale, colors can be divided into low-key colors (zero to three degrees), neutral colors (four to six degrees) and high-tone colors (seven to ten degrees). The lightness difference between colors determines the intensity of lightness contrast, and the weak contrast within three degrees difference is also called short tone contrast. The contrast between three degrees and five degrees is called middle contrast, also known as middle contrast. Contrast beyond one to nine degrees is called strong contrast, also called long tone contrast. \x0d\ Due to different lightness tendency and contrast degree, it has different visual effects and emotional influences on people. From the perspective of decorative color application, the appropriate contrast of lightness is the basis of contrast and the key to determine the light sense, bright pleasure and clear sense of pattern color. \x0d\ Brightness contrast is the contrast caused by different lightness. Lemon yellow has high brightness, blue-purple has low brightness, orange and green have medium brightness, and red and blue have medium and low brightness. \x0d\ Brightness contrast When you put the same color on black and white, you will find that the color on black feels brighter, while the color on white feels darker. The contrast between light and dark is very strong and obvious, which will have a great impact on the color matching result and make people feel uneasy. \x0d\\x0d\2。 Hue contrast \x0d\ Color contrast caused by hue difference is called hue contrast. The strength of hue contrast depends on the distance of hue on the color circle. Hue contrast can generally be divided into four levels: similar hue contrast, adjacent hue contrast, contrast hue contrast (130 degrees) and complementary color contrast (180 degrees). \ x0d \ x0d \ The effect of tone contrast can be seen in various works of art ... Tone contrast plays an important role in modern decorative patterns, which can bring us a distinct color feeling. \ x0d \ x0d \ The hue sense of complementary color is stronger, richer, more perfect and more exciting than that of contrast color, which is the strongest hue contrast. In tone contrast, when the protagonist in your mind is determined, the use of other colors must be clear about the relationship with the main tone, what content and feelings to express, so as to enhance the planning, clarity and purpose of the tone and improve the color matching ability. \x0d\ Tone contrast is the contrast formed by the differences between tones. When determining the main color, we must consider the relationship between other colors and the main color, what content and effect to show, and so on. , thus enhancing its expressive force. Put the same orange on the red or yellow, we will find that the orange on the red will have a yellowish feeling, because the orange is composed of red and yellow tones. When juxtaposed with red, the same components are harmonious and different parts are enhanced, so it looks more yellow than when it is alone. Compared with other colors, this phenomenon will also occur, which is called color name contrast. In addition to the color sense deviation, the two colors in contrast sometimes appear the phenomenon of color mutual penetration, which affects the visual effect of the separation boundary. When the two colors in contrast have the same chromaticity and lightness, the more obvious the contrast effect is, and the closer the two colors are to complementary colors, the stronger the contrast effect is. \x0d\ Complementary color contrast juxtaposes colors with complementary colors such as red, green, yellow, purple, blue, orange, etc. to make the color feel more vivid and increase the purity, which is called complementary color contrast. (The phenomenon of visual afterimage is obvious). \x0d\\x0d\3。 Purity comparison \x0d\ Purity comparison When one color is compared with another brighter color, it will feel less bright, but when compared with the less bright color, it will look brighter. This color contrast is called purity contrast. When the high-purity color accounts for about 70% of the screen area, it constitutes a high-purity tone, that is, a fresh tone. \x0d\ When the medium purity color accounts for about 70% of the screen area, it constitutes a medium purity tone, that is, an intermediate tone. \x0d\ When the low-purity color accounts for about 70% of the screen area, a low-purity tone is formed, that is, a gray tone. \x0d\ High-purity timbre gives people a positive, strong and impulsive feeling. Have the feeling of expansion, extroversion, happiness, liveliness, anger, intelligence and liveliness. If used improperly, it will also have cruel, horrible, vulgar and stimulating effects. The pure tone in x0d gives people the impression of moderation, elegance and reliability. If you add about 5% decorative color to the picture, you can get the ideal effect. \x0d\ Low pure tone gives people the feeling of being dull, passive, powerless and outdated, but it also has the feeling of being natural, simple, lasting, extraordinary, quiet, uncontroversial and easy-going. If used improperly, it will cause dirty, rustic, pessimistic and depressed feelings. If you add appropriate embellishment colors, the picture can have an ideal effect. The stronger the purity contrast, the more vivid the hue feeling on the bright side, thus enhancing the gorgeous, vivid, lively and eye-catching color matching. When the purity contrast is insufficient, such as fresh weak contrast, medium weak contrast and gray weak contrast, because the purity is too close, it is easy to blur the picture. Pure purity contrast rarely appears, mainly manifested as purity-oriented contrast including lightness and hue contrast. \x0d\