How to judge whether a piece of news is fake news?

At present, the characteristics of false news are: embellishment, exaggeration and exaggeration; "reasonable imagination", the plot is inaccurate; Replace the surface with points, and generalize the whole with partiality; Curiosity and credulity, as well as misinformation; The director was at the mercy of fraud; Reverse black and white, confuse right and wrong, and even make things up. Looking at the false news in recent years, there are mainly the following characteristics:

1. Reproduction

As far as specific individual news is concerned, in April, 2007, Integrity Outlook magazine published an article entitled "Former Vice Mayor of xinzheng city sells barbecues after he is released from prison", which was later rated as the top ten false news in 2007. In fact, the concept of clean government is not the initiator. As early as 2005, this article was published by Labor and Modern Women's Daily, but it had little impact at that time. However, the article "American doctor White is going to Ukraine to change his head next week", which was rated as the top ten false news in 200 1 10, was reported by Beijing Youth Daily 1998, 1999 and 200 1 many times. The repetition of fake news can be seen.

2. The phenomenon of news picture forgery is becoming more and more serious.

In recent years, digital photography technology has become increasingly mature and widely used in the field of news photography, which provides great convenience for news photography and publishing. However, compared with the traditional photography technology, it is really easy to falsify by computer, which opens the door for many photographers who are good at "creating" rather than faithfully recording, and news picture falsification emerges one after another. "The most famous is the photo work" Love during SARS "which won the third prize of the 47th" Jose "daily life category, and it was finally verified that it was posed by a model. At the beginning of 2006, the' Huasai' selection also broke the news that the photo of winning the gold medal was forged. "

3. variability

A lot of fake news in the past few years was completely fabricated out of thin air, without any factual basis, not even catching shadows. As far as the false news that appeared around 1993 is concerned, most of them are crude, mostly out of nothing, one-sided and innovative, which is generally clear at a glance; However, the fake news methods that appeared around 2003 are obviously much better, and it is difficult to trace the situation that is absolutely out of thin air. More things happen for a reason, and some are because of the reporter's unreliable interview style, hearsay and subjective speculation, which leads to a big mistake. For example, in 2002, Jinling Evening News, Huashang Daily and other newspapers reported that the memorial hall for victims of the Nanjing Massacre could be renamed, which misinterpreted the proposal of some CPPCC members in Nanjing, instead of outright fraud.

4. The number is increasing, the life span is getting shorter and shorter, and the "professionalism" is getting stronger and stronger.

With the doubling of the number of news media in China, especially the emergence of online media, the false news in the media in China is also increasing gradually. In addition, the life span of many false news stories is getting shorter and shorter. For example, The Lost Back of Hubei New Textbook, one of the top ten fake news in 2003, was exposed the day after its publication. The professionalism of counterfeiters is getting stronger and stronger, not only because in the past, the producers of fake news were mostly amateur writers or correspondents, but now many journalists are also involved in counterfeiting, and it is also reflected in the occasional tinkering in the past to the present.

5. Diversity

This is not only reflected in the diversity of news genres and related fields, but also in the diversity of expressions. In the past, fake news was mostly news, but now it is news, communication and speech. In addition, the content has also developed from anecdotes and gossip to politics, culture, history, science and technology, sports and international relations.