As a world cultural heritage, what is the historical and cultural value of Lushan Mountain? (800 words)

Lushan Mountain is a famous cultural mountain throughout the ages.

Lushan history

In 126 BC, Sima Qian recorded Lushan Mountain for the first time in his Historical Records, and recorded that since Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi visited the south, Lushan Mountain's position in the country's political and cultural life has been continuously improved. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty built the Taiping Palace in Lushan Mountain with the inscription "Nine-day Ambassador Hall". Li Jing, the leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty, studied in Lushan Mountain in seclusion. After he ascended the throne, his house was named after this temple. After the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu built Yuantong Temple. Song Taizu gave imperial academy a printed copy of the Nine Classics of Bailudong Academy, and named it "Bailudong Chinese Studies". He also granted the first temple to "open the first China Tibet". Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, named Lushan Mountain "Lu Yue", in which "a knight is honored with a title and Lu worships with a rank". Ming Taizu, Chengzu and Xuanzong paid tribute to Tianchi three times. Qing Taizu gave the first imperial book Prajna Heart Sutra and so on.

The cultural evolution and political events in Lushan Mountain in the past dynasties have influenced the historical process of China. From ancient times to modern times, there are three periods in Lushan Mountain that reflect the historical trend of China. Hu Shi, a famous scholar, pointed out in 1928 that there are three historical sites in Lushan Mountain representing three major trends: Lindong in Hui Yuan represents the general trend of "Buddhism" and "China" in China; Bailudong represents the general trend of Song studies in China in recent 700 years. Guling represents the general trend of western culture invading China.

During the Second World War, in the summer of 1933, Zhou Enlai went to Lushan twice to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek, and put forward the famous Declaration on Cooperation between China and Central Countries, which promoted Sino-Japanese cooperation and opened up China, one of the main battlefields of the world anti-fascism. 17 July, Chiang Kai-shek delivered an important speech on War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Lushan. 1959, 196 1 and 1970, the Central Committee held three meetings in Lushan, which had an important impact on China's socialist construction.

Lushan Mountain is closely related to the history of China, especially the modern history. It has a very important relationship with the thoughts, beliefs, events and figures that have a great influence in the history of China, attracting worldwide attention.

Lushan Mountain, "lush and elegant, showing off the southeast", has been favored by many writers and artists since ancient times, and has become the backer of hermits and monks and the stage for politicians and celebrities, thus bringing a strong cultural color to Lushan Mountain and making it a profound cultural heritage.

Landscape culture is a spiritual achievement created by people on the basis of natural landscape. Landscape culture is an important part of China traditional culture, a magnificent world created by the Chinese nation in the process of understanding and transforming the objective world and itself, and an important spiritual pillar of the image of the Chinese nation.

Lushan landscape culture is a wonderful reflection of China landscape culture and a historical microcosm of China landscape culture. The nature of Lushan Mountain is both poetic and humanized. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, poets have sung more than 4,000 poems and songs about Lushan Mountain with heroic passion and brilliant brushwork. Mount Lushan and Looking at Jiao Jiao by Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Looking at Shimen by Bao Zhao, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, are the earliest landscape poems in China, and Lushan became one of the cradles of China's landscape poems. Tao Yuanming, a poet, wrote with Lushan Mountain as the background all his life, and his pastoral style influenced the whole China poetry circle. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, visited Lushan Mountain five times and left 14 poems such as Looking at Lushan Waterfall for Lushan Mountain. His poem "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" has a long history with Lushan Waterfall, which is well-known in China and overseas Chinese society and has become a masterpiece in China's ancient poetry. The poem Xilin Wall written by Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, has a wide spread and far-reaching influence. "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain" has become a famous sentence full of dialectical philosophy. ...

Lushan Mountain landscape is a combination of landscape and human landscape. After spiritual examination by poets, painters, writers and philosophers, Lushan Mountain has created many historical sites with a particularly strong humanistic atmosphere. As a Singaporean scholar commented, "If the historical landscape of Mount Tai was created by emperors, the historical landscape of Mount Lushan was created by literati."

Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, with Kang Wang Valley in Lushan Mountain as the background, is full of utopian idealism. Two women from Lushan Mountain in the Southern Dynasties took Lushan Mountain as the activity stage and became famous works of China's early mystery novels. The poem Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, created a scenic spot-Huadao. He built a "Lushan Cottage" in Lushan Mountain, and his "Lushan Cottage" is a masterpiece describing ancient landscape gardens in China. Ning Ren Zhu Fuxing Bailudong Academy, making it the first of the four major academies in ancient China. Thus, generations of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties cultivated here, which truly recorded the process and history of this cultural phenomenon with profound characteristics. The School Rules of Bailudong Academy formulated by Zhu became the norm of feudal education in China, and also influenced the historical and cultural process in China.

Landscape poetry and landscape painting are two major projects in China's landscape culture. Landscape poetry shines brilliantly in Lushan Mountain, and so does landscape painting. Gu Kaizhi, a painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, created Lushan Mountain Map, which became the first independent landscape painting in the history of China painting. From then on, Master Dan Qing used Lushan Mountain as a carrier to express the aesthetic realm of Lushan Mountain in this artistic form. The first theoretical breakthrough of Chinese painting is also Gu Kaizhi's "vivid theory". But this is the result of Hui Yuan, a famous monk in East Asia, who expounded the philosophy of "the theory of immortality of all forms" in Lushan Mountain. Zong Bing, one of the "18 outstanding figures" of Tuolin Jilian Society in Lushan Mountain, wrote Preface to Painting Landscape, which became the first true theory of landscape painting in China. His theory of "soul" broke the aesthetic view of "a gentleman has virtue" and showed the rise of a new aesthetic trend of thought.

Literati and literati expressed their feelings and freehand brushwork on Lushan Mountain, which made Lushan Mountain accumulate rich cultural connotations. Scientists made a scientific investigation on Lushan Mountain to reveal its true beauty. Li Siguang, a modern geologist, took the Quaternary geology and geomorphology of Lushan Mountain as the research object, published a series of research works, such as Lushan Mountain in the Ice Age, which initiated China's Quaternary Glacier Theory, and thus triggered academic debates between Chinese and foreign scholars on the Quaternary Glacier in Lushan Mountain, and played the century symphony of Quaternary Geology in China. ...

Lushan Mountain has a high historical and cultural status and is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. As a part of Lushan culture, Lushan landscape culture has formed an obvious cultural inheritance relationship, and its value is the cultural embodiment of the combination of natural beauty and artistic beauty.

On May 23rd, 2006, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the establishment of Lushan Painting Academy, the third edition of China Culture Newspaper published a special issue entitled "Let Lushan Mountain Landscape and Cultural Charm Coexist", pointing out that Lushan Mountain is the birthplace of landscape pastoral poetry, landscape poetry and landscape painting. Thus, a kind of "poetry and painting" of Lushan landscape cultural characteristics has been determined.

First, the objectivity and existing form of Lushan landscape culture

Nature has endowed Lushan Mountain with unique scenery and natural features, and human beings have left many cultural accumulations for Lushan Mountain in the process of historical development. The objectivity of Lushan landscape culture is reflected in its cultural remains and remains, among which the most direct forms are pastoral poems, landscape poems and landscape paintings.

According to statistics, there are as many as 4,000 ancient poems presenting the theme of Lushan Mountain, including various forms of pastoral poems and pastoral poems, Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyuan in Jin Dynasty, Li Bai and Bai Juyi in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo and Zhu in Song Dynasty, Tang Yin and Kang Youwei in Ming Dynasty and modern political and cultural celebrities such as Mao Zedong and Guo Moruo.

There are countless landscape paintings, which are hard to count. Typical examples are Looking at the Five Old Peaks by Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Crazy Records by Hao Jing in the Five Dynasties, Lushan Mountain High Map by Shen Zhou in the Ming Dynasty, Three Gorges Bridge by Tang Yin in the Ming Dynasty, Lushan Waterfall Map by Shi Tao in the Qing Dynasty and Lushan Mountain Map by Zhang Daqian in the Qing Dynasty. It is even more difficult for modern painters to count the works of Lushan Mountain, such as Fu Baoshi, Liu Haisu, Ying Yeping, Shandong, Anhui, Anhui and so on.

Nowadays, the artistic form of expressing the beauty of Lushan Mountain has made new breakthroughs and developments. Traditional classical pastoral poems and landscape poems have been replaced by new free poems and other literary forms. Landscape painting also appeared as the embodiment of the characteristics of the times. Other painting forms include oil painting, gouache, watercolor, printmaking, and many works that show the scenery and feelings of Lushan Mountain. In addition, Lushan landscape photography is also a very rich and aesthetic art form, which should be said to be an important form of Lushan landscape culture in the new period.

Second, the inheritance spirit of Lushan landscape culture

Lushan landscape culture not only has rich artistic forms, but also contains rich artistic connotations, which embodies the inheritance spirit of Lushan culture to past dynasties. The inheritance of Lushan landscape culture is embodied in richness, aesthetics and lyricism.

Rich. Reflected in the openness of Lushan culture, all previous dynasties left traces on Lushan, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism occupied different positions in different periods of Lushan, while the invasion of western culture in colonial period brought Christianity, Catholicism and Islam, leaving profound cultural traces of the times, thus reflecting the richness of Lushan landscape culture.

Aestheticism is another main feature of Lushan landscape culture. The beauty and strangeness of Lushan landscape itself paved the way for the aesthetic characteristics of Lushan landscape art, and many painters felt it and created it. They were conquered by the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain and impressed by the classic poems that survived in the world. Therefore, their works are very artistic and have high aesthetic characteristics, which embodies the beautiful realm of scene blending in Lushan mountain landscape culture.

Lyricism, from the perspective of classical landscape poetry and pastoral poetry, Lushan's landscape painting has a great influence, and the feelings and artistic conception in poetry are often expressed more directly and happily by landscape painting. It can be said that landscape painting, landscape poetry and pastoral poetry are twin sisters. They absorb each other, spread each other and influence each other, because they are all expressions of true feelings and are all true feelings. The natural beauty of Lushan Mountain cannot but arouse the feelings of poets and painters, so "poetic and picturesque" is a major feature of Lushan landscape culture.

Third, the value orientation of Lushan landscape culture

Lushan landscape culture is an important part of Lushan culture, which fully embodies the cultural spirit and value of Lushan landscape. The value of Lushan mountain landscape culture is embodied in Lushan mountain culture and art, including not only classical pastoral poems and pastoral poems, but also classical landscape paintings and cultural relics, including not only modern and contemporary cultural carriers, including poems, essays and historical records, but also modern and contemporary paintings, photography, movies and other forms. They all embody the spirit and value of Lushan mountain landscape culture. Today, the development of Lushan Mountain is not based on the isolated mountain scenery, but often depends more on the human landscape outside the natural beauty. Therefore, the value of culture is very important and often represents the development trend of a region. The development of Lushan landscape culture is to develop its own cultural potential on the premise of inheriting the eternal cultural heritage, thus embodying the cultural value. Nowadays, the value of Lushan landscape culture has been paid more and more attention, which can be said to be the exertion of the value of culture itself.

Fourthly, the development trend of Lushan landscape culture.

Exploring and studying "Lushan landscape culture" is the excavation of historical culture, the study of "inheritance" and "context" of Lushan landscape culture, and the understanding of its origin and inheritance. Grasping the spirit and context of Lushan mountain landscape culture is like grasping the main line of Lushan mountain landscape culture. What trend should the development of Lushan landscape culture have? The author thinks that the development trend of Lushan landscape culture has three major trends: inclusiveness, nativity and development.

Inclusiveness, we analyze the influence of Lushan mountain landscape culture on landscape poetry, pastoral poetry and landscape painting, so as to analyze the characteristics of culture. In fact, "culture" itself is very inclusive. No matter what aspect, direction, politics, economy, society, religion and folk customs are called culture because of the same influence. Only with inclusiveness can the development of culture be dynamic.

Locality will be an important development trend of Lushan landscape culture. When we analyze and study the landscape culture of Lushan Mountain, what we actually study is that "local culture" is only the landscape part of "local culture". The more ethnic we are talking about, the more international we are. Because the culture of the world is composed of the national characteristics of each country. Similarly, "nativity" is the embodiment of "culture".

Development is another trend of Lushan landscape culture. The times are developing and the society is developing. Without development, it is impossible for us to inherit. Development is the necessity of inheritance and the purpose of inheritance is development. The development of our Lushan landscape culture is based on inheriting the spirit of Lushan landscape culture. How to develop the current Lushan landscape culture is our goal. On the basis of summarizing predecessors, we should create today's Lushan landscape culture with the greatest "inclusiveness", the truest "locality" and the strongest "development", pass on the spirit of Lushan landscape culture and leave more cultural and spiritual products for future generations.

Lushan Mountain, a famous mountain in the world, is characterized by its culture. Culture is the soul of Lushan Mountain.